I P E 



E. fi.U- of tlie river MifTifippi ; which, between tw-nty and 

 thirty years a^o. cou'.d tiirnifti 30 warriors. N. lr.t. 40' 

 30'. \V. long. 91 i;'.— The Ufyper Jo-.va tozvn is about I J 

 miles below the mouth of tlic river .Iowa, on the E. fide of 

 the Millifipni, and could formerlv furnifli 400 warriors. 



JOW.AN c! MuoiiAli, a townof Alders; -o miles SAV. 

 of r.eteef. ° •' 



.lOWGONG, a town of Bengal; 18 miles S E. of 

 Biirdw til. 



.lOWR NSSER, a town of Hindooftan, in Oude ; 16 

 rr.il.-* S K. of L<!cknow. 



.lOVVRIES, a clu;ter of fmall id.wds in the Mi-diterra- 

 re«n, near the E. coalt of Tunis, oppofite to I.,enipta, an- 

 ciently called Tarichire, and thought by Ca;rar to he of fo 

 much importance, that he appointed fcveral llationary vef- 

 fels to focure tliem. N. lat. jj^ 38'. E. long. 10 <j6'. 



JOY, in Ethics, is that palTion which is produced by 

 live, regarding its ribjecl as prefent, either immediately or 

 in profpeft ; m reality or imagination. This pafTion has 

 been found to increafe the perfpiration and urine of human 

 bodies. See P/.k.aslre and Pain. 



JOYEUSE, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Ardcche, and chief place of a canton, in 

 the dillritt of L' Argenticre, 21 miles S.S.W. of I'riv.is. 

 Tiie place contains 1074, and the canton 12,616 inhabitants, 

 on a territory of 212A kiliometres, in 18 commuiifs. N. 

 lat. 44 29'. E. long. \ 19'. 



■TOYNAGUR, a town of Mecklev ; 8 miles N.W. of 

 Munnypour 



JOYNARANSHAUT, a town of Bengal; i3 miles 

 E N E. of Iflamabad. 



JOYNER'.s Press. Sec Press. 



.TOYNERY, the art of working in wood, and of fitting 

 or joining various parts or members of it together. 



The French c?ll it mrnuifrrie, from minutana, i'mall work ; 

 by v.hich it is iliilinguilhed from cnrpentry, which is conver- 

 fant in the larger and lefs curious work. Sec Joinery. 

 JovNEHY, Column of. See Column. 

 JOYPOUR, in Geography, a town of Bengal; t8 mile? 

 E N.E. of lil.imabad — Alio, a townof AiTam; 16 miles 

 S.S.E. of Gentia. 



JOZE, St., a town of Brazil, on the Tapajos ; 45 miles 

 S. of Pauxis. — Alfo, a town of Brazil, in the governn.ent 



<'f Minas Geraes; So miles S.W. of Viilarica Alfo, a 



town of Braril, in the government of Goyas ; 75 miles 

 E.X.E. of Villa Boa. 



JoZE, St., tit^ Dera, a town of Brazil, on the Rio NVgro ; 

 205 miles from Fort Rio Negro. 



Jozi. y/zu, a town of Brazil, in the government of Para ; 

 on the river Tocantin ; 70 miles S.W. of Para. 



JOZO, in Ichthyology, the name of a fmall fea-fi(h, of the 

 fea-gudgcon, or rork-firti kind, common in the Mediterra- 

 nean, and called gobius alius by fome authors. It is brought 

 to market at Rome and Venice. See GoDil s. 



JOZZI, Giu.-Ei'PE, in Biography, an Italian opera finger 

 of the fecond clafs, with a foprano voice, came into Eng- 

 land with Monticelli, at the beginning of lord Middlefcx's 

 regency in 1742. He was a much better performer on the 

 harpfichord than a finger. He gained great reputation here 

 by his very accurare, brilliant, and expreilive manner of exe- 

 cuting Alberti's leffons, and a confidtrable fuin of money 

 bv printing ?.nd felling them as his own eompofitious. 



IPAM.in Geography, a town of Afriea, on the Gold 

 coall; ;o miles S.W. of Acta. 



IPAKEMA, a town of Brazil; 1 6c miles S.W. of 

 I'crnambuco. 



IPECACUANHA, or Ii-ecacsamia, in Pharmacy, a 

 Vol.. XIX. 



1 P E 



little wrinkled root about the thicknefs of a moderate quiH, 

 brought hither from feveral parts of the Weft Indies ; much 

 ufed as an emetic, and againft diarrhoeas and dyfentcries. 



The firit European who brought this ro(.t into ufc was an 

 apothecary of Brazil, whofe name was Michael Triftaon. 

 The book vi-hich the author pubUfhid on ihis fubjecl fallirg 

 into the hands of the Englifh, is tranfiated into our langu:ige, 

 and Hands, among a number of like accounts, among Pur- 

 chas's Pilgrims. 



He fays it is an excellent remedy againft dyfcnteries and 

 fluxes of all kinds. He fays alfo, in its defciiption, that the 

 i'talks are a ijuarttr of a yard long, and the roots nearly as 

 much ; and that the leaves grow only four or ftve upon a 

 plant. 



This agrees very well with all that we have fince difcover- 

 ed of this plant : and the method of ufing it at that time, 

 we iind, was not as a vomit ; but they bruifed the frelh root, 

 and lleeped it about twelve hours in water, at the end of 

 wIulIi time the patient drank the water early in the moni- 

 ing : it operated by (lool ; but after its opera'ion, the na- 

 tural purging and voiding of blood ceafed. This feems the 

 original account we have of this drug. De Laet, from this, 

 compiled his account, which is almo'.l a literal trar.fla"ion of 

 this into I..atin : from his hint Pifo and Mir^grav,- enquired 

 after it more carefully upon the fpot, and from t! ■m came 

 the firll accurate accounts we had of it ; fo that all feems^ 

 ah origine, deduced from Michael Trillaon's account of it. 

 Miller apprehends that the plant v.hich fnrniflies the true 

 ipecacuanha belongs to the genus of Trioftcum, or j',:!fe ipeca- 

 cuanha. It is, as fome have thought, the Pfychotria emetica 

 of Linmcus the younger. But the authority on which Mutis 

 recelv.:d the information is not to be implicitly followed. 



Pifo divides this root into two forts, the white and the 

 brown ; or, according to Geoffroy, the Peruvian and Brazi- 

 lian ipecacuanha: but three forts, fays Dr Woodville, are 

 dillinguifhable in our fliops ; -viz,. a(h-coloiired or grey, 

 brown, and white. The cjh-coh.urcd is brought from Peru, 

 and is a fmall wrinkled root, bent and contorted into a great 

 variety of figures, brought over in fliort pieces full of 

 wrinkles and deep circular fiffures, down to a fmall white 

 woody fibre that runs in 'he middle of each piece ; the corti- 

 cal part is compact, britt'e, and appears fmooth and refinous 

 upon breaking ; it has very little fmell, the talle is bittcrifh 

 and fub-acrid, covering the tongue, as it were, w ith a kind 

 of mucilage. The broivn is fmall, fomewhat more wrinkled 

 than the foregoing ; of a brown or blackifh colour without, 

 and white within : this is brought from Brazil The ivhit; 

 fi<rt is woody, has no wrinkles, and no perceptible biitcrnefs 

 in talle. The firil, that is, the afh-colourcd or grey ipeca- 

 cuanha, is that ufually preferred for medicinal ufe. The 

 brown has been foinetimes obfervcd, even in a fmall dofe, to 

 produce violent effects. The white, though taken in a large 

 one, has fcarcely any cffetl at all. 



Tiiere are divers falfe fpec'es of ipecacuanha, or roots, 

 which, on account of their external appearance, bear tlie de- 

 nomination of ipecacuanha, and are fometimcs fold for it. 

 Dr. Douglas mentions two : the one white, refembling the 

 true white, only larger in fize, llraightcr, and fofter to the 

 touch ; the other brown, of a deeper colour th.in the true 

 brown, and fomelimes mixed with red, whence it has alio 

 been called red ipecacuanha. Thcfc arc both produced in 

 Maryland and Virginia, where they are uled as vomitives 

 by tj'ie lower fort. Sir Hans Sloane has difcovercd that the 

 latt'-r is no other than the root of a poifoiious apocynutn, 

 defcribed by him in his Natural Hillory of Jamaica. Sec 

 Phil. Tranf. N 410. 



The genuine ipccacuaiha has fcarcely any fmell, iir.l-f» 

 3 E ■ dtirun; 



