I R E 



. ©f tlie eleven kinds of paflions attributed to the foyi, phi- 

 lofoplicrs afcribe five to the irafcible appetite ; viz. wrath, 

 boUncfg, fear, hope, and dcfpair : the other fix are charged 

 Cn the conciipilcibk" appetite ; liz. pleafuro, pain, uelire, 

 averlion, iovc, and hatred. 



Piato divided the foul into three parts ; tlie reafonable, 

 irafcible, and concupifcible parts. The two lall, according 

 to that philofophc-r, arc the corporeal and mortal parts of 

 tlic foul, which give rife to our paffioiis. 



Plato fixes the feat nf the irafcible appetite in the heart ; 

 aaJ of the concupifcible in the liver : as the two fourccs of 

 jjlood and foirits, which alone affecl tl)c mind. 



IRAVAT, or luAVATi, in BiiiJu Mythology, the 

 'tame of an elephant on vvhich Indra, the regent of the 

 fiimamcnt, a".d prince of the beneficent genii, rides. (See 

 Indua.) It is generally painted with three trunk?, or 

 probofci, and is driven by Indra's charioteer na:ncd iSiatah. 

 The Hindus affign vehicles, which they call vahan, to their 

 difterent deities, male and female. Thus, the vahan of Indra 

 is Iravat (feeVAiiAs); but not, it would appear, exclu- 

 iively, for Major Moore, in the Hindu Pantheon, p. 261, 

 fays, that he has pictures in which other deities, llama 

 and Krilhna in particular, are raounlcd on this favoured 

 animal. Indra being a perfonilication of the vifible heavens, 

 bis attiibiites and dillinftions partake of firmamental allu- 

 fions. In his wars he employs many elephants, who are in 

 fact clouds ; and their names tranflated mean l/jinitl.^r, bearer, 

 hlack, liihlu, rumbler, groivler, &c. Tlie chief of all thefe is 

 ; Iravat, which means viatsry, the aqueous property of clouds 

 being that moil apparent ; and we .Tiay, in this appropriate 

 noaienclature, fancy that we difcern fome appearance of con- 

 nection in the m.ythological machinery of the Hindus, ge- 

 nerally at the firll view fo apparently anomalous and extra- 

 vagant. 



IRBEN, in Geography, a town of the duchy of Cour- 

 land, on the coafl of the Baltic; 18 railes E.N.E. of 

 Windau. 



IRBITSKAIA, a town of Rufiia, in the government of 

 Perm, on the Irbit; 100 miics N.E. of Ekaterinburg. 



IRCUNDA, a town of Hiudoodan, in the circar of 

 Cicaoole; 20' miles S.W. of Cicacole. 



IRE Holmes, two iflands arnong the Orkneys, a httle 

 to the Vv. of the ifland of Sanda. 



IREBY, High, or Marhl-h-ehy, a parifli and market- 

 town in AUerda'e-ward, in the county of Cumberland, Eng- 

 land, is fituated near the fource of the river Ellen, 303 

 miles dlftant from London, and contained, according to the 

 population return of the year iSoo, 73 houfes, and 358 in- 

 liabitants. Here arc two annual fairs, and a weekly market 

 on Thurfday. The town, though now inconfiderablc, is 

 of great antiquity, and was, in the opinion of Camden, the 

 « Arbeia of the Romans, wliere the Barcarii Tigrienfes 

 were ftalioned ;" but Horfley dilTents from this evidence, 

 and a.Terts, that no Roman antiquities were ever found here ; 

 and that the affinity of names has lefs force in tliis in fiance, 

 as there is another Ireby in Lancafhire, on the borders of 

 Wedmoreland and Yorklhire. This gentleman, with Mr. 

 Ward, places the Arbeia at Morefby, where remains have 

 been dug up, and the fci'.eof a ftation is evident. Beauties 

 cf England and Wales, vol. iii. 



IREDELL, a county of A.merica, in Saliftury diAriit, 

 North Carolina, furrounded by Surry, Rowan, and Burke. 

 The climate is fahibrious, the lands beautifully variegated 

 wiih hills, and the foil rich. It contains 87C1 inhabitants, 

 of whom 1 48 1 are ilaves. Iredell court-houfe has a poll- 

 ofi'ce ; 25 miles from Saliiljury.. 



IRE 



IREG A, a town of Hindoodan, in the ciitar of Adoni ; 

 50 miles W.N.W. of Adoni. 



IREJ, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar of Gohud ; 

 70 mi es E. of Narwa. N. lat. 25 37'. E. long. 75) 40'. 



IRELABOO, a town on the N. coall of the iflaiid of 

 Sumatra. N. lat. 5-9'. E. long. 96' 15'. 



IRELAND, a large and fertile illand in the Atlantic 

 ocean, lying on the weit of Great Britain, from which it is fe- 

 parated by the Iridt fea, or St. George's Cliannel. It con- 

 tains the moll weftern land in Europe, if we except Iceland; 

 and it has no country bct.vcen it and the coall of Labrador 

 in North America. The fea which feparates it from Great 

 Britain, varies in breadth from 14 to 40 leagues ; but is 

 contratled between Scotland and the county of Down to a 

 channel only iix leagues wide, and farther north to a ilill 

 narrower flrait of lefs than four, between the N.E. point 

 of the coaft of Antrim and the Mull of Cantyre. 



The general figure of Ireland fomewha'. refembles a 

 parallelogram, the greatell length of \\hich that can be 

 meafureii along a meridian, is from Bloody Farland Point, 

 in the county of Donegal, to the Stags of Cork liarbour ; 

 this does no: exceed 1S5 Irilh ,or 23^;^ Engliih miles. It is 

 much indented on the eail by the Inlh iea, and on the weft 

 by the Atlantic ocean, fo that its breadth is very unequal. 

 Between Emlagh R id-., in Mayo, and the mouth of Strang- 

 ford lough, which is the greateft, there arc 143 Iridi (1M3 

 Engliih) miles, whilil betv.een the bays of Dublin and 

 Galway there are but 86 Iriili miles, and between Dundalk 

 and B.illyfliannon no more than 67. It will not, therefore, 

 appear furprifing, that there is not a fpot in Ireland whicli 

 is fifty miles diltant from the fea. If a diagonal line be 

 di-awn from Fairhead, the north-eailern point, to Mirenhead, 

 the fouth-weilern point, it will meafure 241 Irifh, or 306 

 Engliih miles, which is the greateft diilance between any two 

 points of theidand. The number of Irifh plantation acres 

 is above 12 millions, which is nearly equal to 20 millions of 

 Enghfh acres. 



The fituation of Ireland is peculiarly favourable for re- 

 ceiving and bellowing the reciprccal ber.efits of external com- 

 merce. Its coauiiunication is open and direiil with Eng- 

 land, France, Spain, Portug;d, the coall of Africa, the 

 Eall Indies, South America, the Weil Indies, the United 

 States of .-iraerica, Newfoundland, Hudfon's Bay, Green- 

 land, &c., with by far the greatell part of the riclalt, the 

 molt fertile, the moil commercial, and the moll r.uitualiy 

 dependent' countries in the world ; with countries abounding 

 in an endlefs variety of commodities, furniiliing every mate- 

 rial on which the varied induitry of man can be employed, 

 and prefenting the ntnioll allurements to the cnterprifing 

 trader. It feems dellincd by nature, fays Mr. Newenham, 

 to be the great emporium of tlie commodities of Europe and 

 America ; and, indeed, of thofe of alinoll every maritime 

 country upon the furface of the globe. 



The face of the country aflcrds a pleafing variety. In 

 fome parts there are rich and fertile plains, v.'atered by large 

 and beautiful rivers ; in others frequent hills produce that in- 

 terelting fucceflion of objtfls with which a flat country can 

 never abound. In two or three counties, there are moft 

 romantic and pifturcfque fcencs, whillt in others, extcnfive 

 plains have been converted intomofly morafTcs. A fuflicient 

 quantity cf weed, however, is wanting in mi;ll parts to 

 render the views as interelling as the general charadlcr of the 

 country would lead us to expedl. That this was not the 

 cafe in former times, is evident from various accounts. Gi- 

 raldus Cambrenfis, quoted by Camden, Stamhurtt, and other 

 old writers, fpcak of it as covered with woods, which are 

 aUB often reftrred to in afts of parliament, and other public 



documents. 



