IRON. 



accompany it are galena, magnetic iron-ftone, arfenical 

 pyrites and tin Hone ; with alfo quartz, garnet, ftrahlllein, 

 Ijonibiendo, &c. 



Its geograpliic diftribution is ratlier cxtenfive. Amongft 

 many other inftances, the followinsr may be enumerated ; 

 Moel Eiion, in Caernarvonfliire, Nortli Wales ; Geyer, 

 Brcilenbrunn, &c. in Saxony ; Bodenmais, in Bavaria ; and 

 i:i different parts of Norway and Siberia. 



Sp. 4. Magnetic Irou-Jlonc. Mtigtute'iffiijltm. Le fer 

 nmgndiqiie. Furnm trn^ncs. 



Werner divides this into two fubfpccics ; namely, com- 

 liion magnetic iron-done, and magnetic iron-fand. 



Subfp. l.—Magmtic Iron-Jlone. — Colour iron-black, in- 

 clining fometimea to perfeft black, and fometimcs to fteel- 

 grey. Occurs mafii.c, dilTeminated and cryftalli/.ed. The 

 form of its cryftals is the cube, pcrfeA or truncated ; the 

 oftahedron, wltich is alfo fomctinies varied by truncation ; 

 the garnet dodecahedron, and the reftangular four-fided 

 prifm, terminated by four planes, placed on the lateral 

 edges, as in the hyacinth. Thefe cn'ftals vary much in 

 fr/.e. The dodecahedrons and octahedrons have tl-eir faces 

 fmooth ; but the planes of the four-lided prifm are tranf- 

 verfely llreaked. Luftre externally (hiuing ; internally va- 

 rying from glimmering to fplcndent. Frafture fmall and 

 fine-grained, uneven, approaching fometimcs to fmall con- 

 choidal, and imperfeft foliated. Fragments indeterminate, 

 rather fliarp-edged. Occurs fometimes in granular diilintt 

 concretions. It is femi-hard, paffrng to hard ; brittle ; wiicn 

 in crydals difiicultly frangible, and heavy. Sp. p'v 4. 2CO 

 to 4.9_?f). It is attraded by the magnet ; and is itfcU alio 

 magnetic. 



Before the blow-pipe it bec6mes brown, and imparts a 

 dark-green colour to borax. It is fuppofed to be an oxyd 

 of iron, nearly in a Hate of complete purity. 



This fpecies is very common in primitive mountains, efpe- 

 cially in thofe of gneifs and micaceous fcliillus. In thefe 

 fituations it arranges itfelf in beds ; but fometimes compofes 

 the entire mafs of dillinft mountains. The fletz, or fccon- 

 dary formations, as they are term.ed, are not free from it. 

 It occurs in greenllone at Taberg ; in hornblende in S mo- 

 land, and in bafalt near Eifenach. It is ufualiy aiToclated 

 with common hornblende, garnet, and granular limellone. 

 Sometimes with adlinote, aibell, S;c. ; but is mofl- fre- 

 quently found in the vicinity of magnetic pyrites, arfenical 

 and copper pyrites, and common pyrites. 



It is found in one of the Shetland ifles ; in Bohemia, 

 Hungary, Saxony, Italy, France, Switzerland, Siberia, 

 and South America. Is very abundant in Sweden, where 

 it is employed for the manufafture of the iron imported to 

 this country for the fupply of the Sheffield market. 



Subfp. 2. Iron-Jand. — Colour deep iron-black, which 

 paCes fometimes to afh-grey. Occurs in angular or roundifh 

 grains ; and alfo in fmall ofiahedral crydals. Surface rough 

 and feebly glimmering. Internal ludre fhining, metallic. 

 FraAure perfeft conchoidal. Fragments indeterminate, 

 fharp-edged. Streak greyifh-black. Semi-hard, brittle, 

 ealily frangible, and heavy. Sp. gr. 4.600. Strongly at- 

 traiS«d by the magnet. 



Its chemical charafters are as the foregoing fubfpecies. 

 It occurs in the beds of rivers ; and alfo imbedded in tlie 

 rocks of bafalt and wackc. 



Is met \vitii in the river Elbe, near Schandau, in Saxony ; 

 imbedded in floetz-trap, in Bohemia ; and is found alfo at 

 St. Domingo, Guadaloupe, in Norway, France, the Tyrol, 

 Greenland, &c. 



Sp. 5. Iron-glance. Eifenglanz. he fcr fpecuhhe. Fer- 

 rum m':iKrd'i/ati:ni Jp.culare. 



This is alfo divided into two fubfpccics ; common iron 

 glance, and micaceous iron-ore, or, as it is called by pro- 

 feffor Jamefon, iron-mica. 



Stibfp. T. Common Iron-glance. — Co\ovlt deel-grey of 

 greater or lefs inlenfity, and fometimcs rcddi(h. It occa- 

 iionally pades into iron-black. Surface very often tar- 

 nidied, and beautifully iridefcent. Occurs mafiive, diHl-- 

 minated, and cryftallizcd. The form of its crydals is 

 various. The mod common is the rhomboidal parallclopi- 

 pcdon ; the cube, formed by the truncation of a double ihree- 

 fidL-d pyramid, and having three triangular faces indead of 

 two of its angles oppofire, and oftagonal plates bounded 

 by linear trapeziums, fix in number, inclined alternately to 

 different fides. Planes of the crydals fometimes fmooth, 

 and fometimes dreakcd. Externally it varies from glim- 

 mering to fplendent ; internally from glillcning to fplendcnt ; 

 ludre metallic. Fraclure compact and foliated. The com- 

 padl varieties are uneven, and fometimes fmall conchoidal^ 

 The foliated have a fourfold reftangular cleavage. Frag- 

 ments ©ftaliedral or pyramidal ; fometimes indeterminate. 

 Edges rather blunt. Generally unfeparated. Gives a deep 

 cherry-red dreak. It is hard, opaque, brittle, more or Ici^s 

 eafily frangible, and heavy. Sp- gr.. J.oi 16 to j.2i.S. It 

 is magnetic, but lefs fo tiian the preceding fpecies. 



Before the blow-pipe it is infnfible, alone; but becomes 

 white wlien heated en charcoal ; and yie'ds a dirty yfllow- 

 co;nuredfcoria, with borax. Stated by Kinvan tocontain 

 frn-n r.; <.o "-'? per cent, of iion. 



' spears to be confined to primitive, and iL.i 



■.ion mountains. It has ne%-er been found in 

 I : : .; wy formation. Its occurrence is in beds and 



vein ., u!:..r.' it is ufualiy accompanied with magnetic iron- 

 lion?, common pyrites, compact red iron-done,, horndone^ 

 and quartz. 



Sweden fields it very abundantly ; as alfo does Norway. 

 Some of the fined fpecimens are from the ifle of Elba, 

 where the ore is faiJ to have been, worked for upwards of 

 thi-ee thoufand years. It occurs in Bohemia, Saxony, Swit- 

 zerland, France, England (in Lancadiire and Cumberland), 

 Hungary, Sjuth America, Siberia, &c.- 



The Eni'li'Ti Ineeimens occur in cavities in compaft red 

 iron-done. Th .. • \\i are ufualiy fmall;, and the ludre 

 of their ii.: 1 , : \ ..I.irly fplendent.. 



Subfp. J / . ■,., .'—Colour iron-black, paffing fome- 

 timcs to doel-^rcy, and fometimes to deep-red. The latter 

 is rather the colour of it, when held under the form of 

 thin plates, between the eye and the light. Occurs maffive, 

 dideminated, and crydallized. When the latter, it appears 

 in thin tables with fix fides. Surface f nooth and fplen- 

 dent. Internally it is alfo fplendent, and its luflre metallic. 

 Erasure perfeft curved foliated ; cleavage fimple. Frag- 

 ments fometimes indeterminate, and fometi.mes tabular. 

 The madive varieties occur in granul;;r didin''t concretions. 

 Thin plates of it are tranduccnt. Its tlreak is deep cherry- - 

 red. It is femi-hard, brittle, very ealily frangilile, and heavy. 

 Sp. gr. 4.5c to J. 07. 



Before the blow-pipe it exhibits the farn? apucar^nces as 

 the preceding fubfpecies, except in commi...ica:i.;g an olive- 

 green tinge to borax. Tlie proportion of iron whicli ilyiekis 

 is from 7c to 80 per cent. 



It is exclufively confined to primitive mountains, and for 

 the mod j)art to thofe of a newer formation. It is found, 

 like iron-glance, in beds and veins, and is accompanied witiv 

 other ores of the metal : calcareous and fliior fpar, quartz, 

 liorndone, &c. 



Its geographic diftribution is rather cxtenfive. It occurs 



ne;u: ijuukcld, in rertbihire ;.at Darlmuor, in Devjnihiic ; 



4 111 



