I R O N. 



■in one of the Shetland ifles'; in Norway, Sweden, Ruffia, 

 I'mnce, i(le of Elba, and many diftrifts of Germany. 



Sp. 6. Red Iron-Pnc. Rith-cifen-Jlan. La mine de fer 

 roij^e. Ferrum ochraccum riibrum. 



Werner has divided this into four fiibfpecies, which pro- 

 fcfTor Jamefon, in conformity with the principles of the 

 Wernerian nomenclature, has denominated red iron-froth, 

 ochry-red iron-llonc, compadl red iron-ftone, and red he- 

 matite. 



Subfp. I. Red Iron-froih. — Colour deep cherry-red, 

 fometimes blood-ied and brownifli-red, and even inclining Kj 

 fteel-groy. Ufiially friable. Occurs fometimes maflire and 

 diflTeminated ; and is compofed of fcaly parts which foil con- 

 *derably. Luftre between ghmmering and glillening ; 

 femi-metallic. Is greafy to th.e touch, and moderately 

 heavy. 



Expofed to the blow-pipe alone, it blackens without 

 ir.eltinpf, and commnnicates a bright green colour to borax. 

 According- to H.iny, it is conllitnted of 



Iron 66. 



Oxygen 28.5 

 Kilex 4.25 



Aluraiiie 1.25 



It occurs fjcT.erally in veins in primitive and tranfition 

 mountains, accompanied with other ores of iron, copper 

 pyrites, quartz, barytic fpar, S:c. 



Although a rare variety of this metal, it is found ratlier 

 plentifully in the neiglibourhood of Ulverflone, Lancailiire, 

 and is alio met with in Cornwall. It occurs too in Norway, 

 the Hartz, Saxony, Silefia, Salzburg, Hungary, and South 

 America. 



Subfp. 2. Ochry-red Iron-fione, or Red Oci;v.— Colour 

 varies between blood-red and brownifh-red. Occurs fome- 

 times maflive and difTeminatcd, fometimes fuperlicial, or 

 coating other ores of the metal, but mod ufually friable. 

 Lullre faintly glimmering, or dull. Frafture earthy. Frag- 

 ments indeterminate, blunt-edged. Feels meagre. Soils 

 more or lefs ftrongly. Is not very brittle. Eaiily fran- 

 gible, and rather heavy. Sp. gr. 2.952. 



It is rarely found alone ; being generally accompanied 

 with other fpecies of iron-ore, and particularly with com- 

 j'.aft red iron-done, and red hematite. It occurs in veins ; 

 and is dillribnted nearly as the two following fubfpecics. 



Subfp. 3. CompaS red Iron-jlone. — Colour between 

 brovvniili-red and dark ileel-gicy, paffmg fometimes to 

 blood-red. Occurs maflive, difllminated, and in various imi- 

 tative forms, as reniform, cellular, c^c. It is fometimes 

 found cryllallized, and appears cither in cubes, or four- 

 lided pyramids, the latter of which are truncated on their 

 fummits. The cube is found both perfetl and truncated. 

 Surface of the cubes fmooth ; of the pyramids rough and 

 dull. Internal lullre between glimmering and dull ; femi- 

 Hietalhc. Fradure for the moil part even. It fometimes, 

 however, pades into coarfe-grained, uneven, and large con- 

 choidal. Fragments indeterminate, rather fliarp-edged. 

 Streak blood-red. Between hard and femi-hard. Some- 

 what brittle, and more or lefs cafdy frangible, heavy. Sp. gr. 

 3.423 103.76. 



It affumes a darker colour before the blow-pipe ; but is 

 infufible, even with the afliftancc of borax. This re-agent, 

 however, is tinged of a ycllowifli-green by it. 



Occurs in beds and veins with red hematite and the pre- 



ceding fubfpecies ; and is alfo accompanied with quartz, 

 red-jafper, and hornftone. 



It is found very abundantly in Lancafhire ; in the HartZ, 

 Saxony, Bolwrnia, Heflia, Siberia, and France. 



It is frequently fmelted in this country ; and principally 

 in thofe works which fabricate the variety of iron defcribed in 

 the fuceeeding part of this article, under the name of for!;e- 

 p';g. The richer ores, in fact, are incapable of yicld-ig 

 the moil highly carbonized defcriptions of iron ; partly, 

 perhaps, becauie they contain too little earthy matter to 

 afford a fufRciently plentiful cir.der ; and partly becaufe 

 their reduction is too immediite. 



Subfp. 4. Red Hiinalhe. — Colour intermediate between 

 brownilh-red and fteel-grey ; pafling fometimes intirely inta 

 one or other of them, and even into blood-red. It is from the 

 latter variety that the name of hematite (from ki,.- ',far:giiis,) 

 is derived. Occurs mafilve a: d re^iiform; alfo ftaLidiiic, glo- 

 bular, uniform, &c. Externa! fut face rough and glimraernig 

 Internally glillening, paffing into glimmering , luftre femi- 

 metailic. Frafture always fibrous. Fragments ufually 

 wedge-fliaped ; fometimes fplintery and iiideterminatc. In 

 angulo-granular diftincl concretions. Streak a briglit blood- 

 red. Hard, inclining to fjmi-hard. Rather diinciikly fran- 

 gible. Brittle, and very heavy. Sp. gr. 4.74 to 5.00J. 



It exhibits the fame chemical characlers as the foregoing 

 fubfpecies, and yields in the large way about 60 per cent, of 

 metal. 



According to the recent analyfis of M. D'Aubuifibn, 

 who has publiflied a very intereiting memoir in the 75lh 

 volume of the " Annales de Chiraie," on the chemical con- 

 ititution of certain iron ores v.hich appear to have water 

 as an eflential ingredient, this mineral is compofed of 



90 



Peroxyd of iron 



Silex 



Eime 



Volatile matter 



Lofs 



The fpecific gravity of the fpccimens liere fubmittcd to 

 examination was 4.8. Another fpecimen, the fpeciiic gra- 

 vity of which was j.o, yielded the following refult : 



Peroyxd of iron - 94 



Silex - - 2 



Vi'atcr - - 2 



Lofs - - 2 



Each of the above prefented a trace of maiigancfc, 

 the latter a fimilar evidence of hme. 



Its geog;noltic fituation is finiilar to the laft. 



Lancaihire yields it very p'entifully, as well as tlie neigh- 

 bouring parts of Cumberland. It is found, too, in coufi- 

 derable abundance in Saxony ; and in Bohemia, France, 

 Silefia, the Hartz, Siberia, &c. 



It is one of the moll common varieties of iron ore, and 

 is very frequently employed in the fmclting furnace. 



Sp. 7. Broiun Iron'jloiie. Brown Eifenjletn. La mine 

 defer brune. Ferrum ochraceum Irunum. 



This, like the preceding, is divided into four fubfpecies, 

 which ho.ve the fame leading dillinftions. They confift of 

 brown iron-froth, ochry-brown iron-ftone, compaCl brown 

 iron-ftone, and brown hematite. 



Subfp. 



