I S A 



wioll others of the clafs Lidynamir., has a regular corolla. — 

 Michaux Amer. v 2. 3. t. 5c. Clafs and order, Diiiymnia 

 GjnwB//,cnt:!a. Nat. Ord. rertUlI/atj, Linn. Labi.iU, 

 JlilT. 



Gfii. Ch. C<i/. Perianth beU-(haped, rather fpreading, 

 cloven half wav down into five, nearly equal, lanceolate 

 fegmcnts ; tiie two lower ones, efpecially after the corolla 

 has fallen oil', more clofe than the red. Cor. nearly equal 

 witli the calyx, almoil regular ; tube ftraightifh, narrowly 

 cylindrical, limb foin'ewhat wheel-.liaped, "five-cleft ; each 

 fogmeut oval and fimilar, with two fpots at the bafc. St^m. 

 Filaments four, nearly equal, a little (horterthan the corolla, 

 perfedUr ercft ; anthers obhque, cloven below ; cells ovate, 

 diverging nearly at a right angle. - Pi/!. Genr^en fupcrior, 

 four-cleft ; ftyle the length of the (lamen.s recurved at top ; 

 lligmas two, recurved and much fpreading, linear tongue- 

 ftiaped ; the lower one rather the longeft. Peric. none, 

 except the permanent, fpreading tube of the calyx. Seedt 

 four, obovate, rugged and reticulated, connefted only at 

 their bafe, filling the calyx. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx five-cleft. Corolla nearly equal, five- 

 cleft. Stamens ereft. Anthers with divaricated Icbes. 



I. I. cjcriileus. Blue Ifanthus Michaux Amer. v. 2. 



t. ^o. A native of Virginia and Carolina, in a chalky foil. 

 The whole plant is rather vifcid and hairy. Root annual. 

 Stem about a foot high, ereft, round, branched. Leavrs 

 oppofite, on fhort flalks, ovate, acuminate, ribbed or nerved, 

 fringed. Fhivsrs of a pale blue. 



We are only acquainted with this plant from the defcrip- 

 tjon and figure of Michaux. It is without doubt very nearly 

 allied to the Afperifoha, though we have follewed that author 

 in referring it to the clafs Didynamia. 



ISARIA, in Geography, a town of Naples, in Calabria 

 Ultra ; eight miles E. of Nicaftro. 



IS.ARRIA, a town of Naples, in Calabria Ultra; 11 

 miles S. of SquiHace, 



ISATIS, in Botany, is the Is-aTi; of Diofcorides, and 

 Jfatis of Piiny, but its derivation is totally unknown. IVoad. 

 Linn. Gen. 344. Schreb. 435'. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 420. 

 Mart. MiU. Dia. V. 2. Sm. Fl. Brit. 693. Ait.Hort. Kew. 

 V. 2. 406. Tournef. t. 100. Juff. 242. Lamarck lUudr. 

 t.55'4. Gaertn. t. 142. C\3.k -auA otA^t, Telradynaiii'ia SUi- 

 ciilofa. Nat. Ord. Slliquof^, Linn. Cnicifera, Jufl'. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth of four, ovate, fpreading, 

 coloured, deciduous leases. Cor. of four petals, crofs- 

 Ihaped ; petals oblong, obtufe, fpreading, by degrees at- 

 tenuated into cla.vs. Statu. Filaments fix, (lightly fpread- 

 ing,. the length of the corolla ; two of them fliorter ; anthers 

 oblong, lateral. Ptft. Germen luperior, oblong, two- 

 «dged, compreffld, as long as the ftiorter ftamens ; ftyle 

 Kone ; ftigma obtufe, capitate. Ptric. Pouch oblong, lan- 

 ceolate, obtufe, com.preifcd, two-edged, of one cell, not 

 gaping, tws-valved, deciduous; the valves are boat-like, 

 <:omprefied and cariuated. Seed folitary, ovate, central. 



Eir. Ch. Peuch lanceolate, one-celled, fingle-feeded, 

 deciduous, with two boat-like valves. 



I. I. tindoria. Woad — Linn. Sp. PI. 936. Engl. Bot. 

 t. 97. Mart. Fl. Ruft. t.4i. — " Radical leaves crenated, 

 Hem-leaves arrow-fiiaped. Pouch oblong, fmooth." — 

 Rather a fcarce plant in BriKiin, flowering in July, and 

 found in fields. It was not originally a native of this iiland, 

 but has become naturalized from its frequent culture for 

 the purpofe of dyeing blue. It is alfo a balsi for feveral 

 other colours. Pliny fays the ancient Briions llamed their 

 bodies with woad, but from the circumllance of this plant 

 having been introduced into liiis country from the (hores of 

 the JLJalti*, Spain, Italy, &c. Mr. Miller concludes that 

 Vol. XIX. 



I s c 



Weld {Refrda Liiissl.-i), and not Woad, was ufed b) our 

 ancedors for the purpofe above related. But if tlie plant 

 in queftion can be identified with Pli.iy's it is undoubtedly 

 a native. Root bienni:t!. Shm creft, br.qiched, fiirnilhed 

 with alternate, fomewhat fucc.ilent leaves; the radical oncB 

 ftand on long foot-ftalks, and are crenated. Calyx as well 

 as the corolla of a yellow colour Serd-vrjfeu dark brown. 

 Stem and leaves occafionally befprinkled with a fev,' liairs. 



Linnaeus enumerates three other fpccics oi Ifalh, hifitank/i, 

 armena, and eegypliaca, the laft of wliich is very properly 

 removed by Vv'illdenow to Caiilc of Gartner. Vi lars and 

 Allioni mention another fpccies under 'he name of elp'mn.' 

 This genus was very unaccountably plaeed by Linnoius in 

 his order of Sil'iqucfa, together with B-ur.h-: and C ramie ; 

 but its nwr aifiiuty to Draba, Lepidium, Sec. in the fliapc 

 and fize of its pouch, fufficiently warrant profeffor Schre- 

 ber's placing it, among the SiUculofa. 

 I.sATl.s, in Zoology. Sec Laoopus. 



ISATODES, a word ufed by Hippocrates, and fomc 

 other of the old writers, to exprcfs a greenifh colour of the 

 bile difcovered in the ftools, which rcfemble the colour of 

 the herb IfoUs, or woad. This was cfteemed an indication 

 of a highly depraved bile. 



ISAURIA, in Jnel-nt Geography, a town of Afia Minor, 

 near Pifidia. Its inhabitants were merely occupied in plun- 

 der, when Servihus made war upon th.?m and conqurred 

 them. Hence he obtained the nam.c of the " Ifauriar." 

 Its chief town was " Ifaura," or " Ifauropolis,'' which 

 vvcre repeatedly dcflroyed and rebuilt. Under the Greek 

 emperors, Ifauria became a confidcrab!? province at the 

 ex pence of the neighbouring provinces. Hierocles, in his 

 " Nolitia," reckons in it 23 epifcopal towns, and Leon-!e- 

 Sage CFumeratcs 19. 



ISBARTEH, in Geography, a town of Afiatic Turkey, 

 in Natolia, the rcfidence of a P.acha ; and in the fauxbourgs 

 are four Greek churches ; 92 miles S. of Kiutaja. N. lat. 

 37- 44'. E. long. 30- 56'. 



ISBASTER, one of the fmallcr Shetland ifiands. N. lat. 

 60" 34'. W'. long, o jS'. 



ISC A, or Lsc.A. Danmcr.iorum, in ylnehiil Geography, a 

 town of Albion or England, the capital of the l)aninonii, 

 and moll prabably Exeter. 



Isc.4. SUurum, the capital of the Silures, now Caerleon in 

 Monmouthihire. Here the fecond legion of the Romans, 

 which had contributed greatly to thercdnftion of the Silun-s, 

 was placed in garrifon (as fome antiquaries have imagined) 

 by Julius Frontinus, to keep that people in obedience. It 

 is cerrain, however, that this legion was very early and very 

 long llationcd at this place. Ifca Silurum ws.?, in the tin;e 

 of the Romans, a city not only of great ilrength, but alio 

 of. great beauty and magnificence. This appears from the 

 defcription which is given of its ruins by Giraldus Cam- 

 brenfis, in his topography of Wales,, written in the I2th 

 century, foon after it had been di-ftroyed and abandoned. 



ISCALES, a town of Britain, iii the country of tlit; 

 Belgx, geiierallv placed at Ilchcfter in Somcrletfliirc. 



ISCARIOT'H, a place of Judea, in the tribe of Ephraim, 

 whence Judas, who betrayed our Saviour, is fuppofed to 

 have derived liis fiirname 



ISCH7EMUM, in Botany, from irrpc^, to repnfs, and 

 Kiy.a, bloid, becaui'e it was fuppofed to poliels the virtue of 

 ftopping hemorrhages from recent wounds. In this fenfe 

 the name was originally applied to tiie Pankur: fanguiuale 

 of LinnasuR, called, for the fame reafoii, Ssnguinarla by 

 fome writers ; and is now retained for a genus of grades 

 bearing fome refemblance to that, but the reputed virtue 

 above-Bieutioned can IJcarccly be thought to have any founda- 

 "3 O I tion> 



