I s c 



dHperfed ; and detached habitations are fcattered over tlie 

 ■fiirface of the whole illand, and are to be found even at an 

 wlevation where the culture of the foil mud ccafc. The 

 w!iite colour of the houfes forms an ajjreeable contrail with 

 the verdure of the vines and gardens in which tliey are era- 

 bofomed. At the fummit of the mountain, which forms 

 this iflaud, a hermitage, compofed of a chapel, and tlirce 

 cells, has been excavated out of the volcanic rock. The 

 cells are inhabited by as many hermits. One of them goes 

 his round through the ifland twice a week, and brings back 

 ■bread, oil, eggs, and every thing ncceflary for the fervice 

 of the altar. The inhabitants give him a!ms with joy, and 

 recommend themfclves to his prayers. They make a pil- 

 grimage annually to this chapel. 



' This ifiand enjoys a propitious climate, and the fky is 

 feldom obfcured with clouds. The winters are mild, the rep- 

 tiles harmlefs, and the fprings cure various difeafes. The 

 government is likewife mild, and the ifland is excnipt from 

 taxes. The king pays it a vifit every year, and gives por- 

 tion.? to the indigent young females. 



• An hofpital is eftabliflied here at the expence of a cha- 

 ritable fociety at Naples. Some hundreds of Tick receive 

 attendance and relief during the bathing-feafon. Several 

 barks are folely employed in removing the convalefcents to 

 Naples, and bringing back other patients to the hofpital. 

 The lame, who are cured of their inilrmitics, leave behind 

 them their crutches, which they confecrate to the Madona, 

 «r to fome particular patron. The trees, (hrubs, and plants 

 tvhich prefer volcanic foils, thrive furprilingly in this ifland. 

 Here and there are feen groves of oak and chefnut trees ; 

 wliich are fuffered to grow only lo years. The orange, 

 pomegranate, fig, Neapolitan medlar, and arbutus, are the 

 mod C'-mmon trees in the gardens. Of wild flirubs, the 

 myrtle and the mailic are the mod numerous. The inhabit- 

 ants have forr.ething peculiar in their language, their figure, 

 and their drefs. In their converfation, they fcarcely ever 

 life the word ninn, thst of Chriflhm being fnbditnled for it; 

 and with tliem Chrifiian is fynonymous with Caiholic. In 

 their pious expreffions they feldom foar higher than the 

 Mother of God. It is to our Lady they recommend you, 

 when they leave you, and they wifli yon a holy night [Jiin- 

 iijjima notta.) To her they app'y when afflicted with difeafe. 

 At the death of an adult they pray for the repofe of his foul. 

 The death of a child is regarded as an happy event. Reli- 

 gious fedivals are with them days of rejoicing. N. lat. 40^ 

 50'. E. long. 13° 46'. 



Th^ foil feeds no animals befides afies and goats. The 

 roofs of the houfes throughout the ifland are flat, and are 

 "uled for drving fruits and other purpofes. 



ISCHIADICUS MoKBL-s, in Surgery. See Dijhife of 

 Hiv-joint. 



ISCH I AS. See Difiofi oftlir-joht and Sciatica. 

 ISCHIATIC, in AnaSuny, an epithet applied to certain 

 parts of the body fitnated near the ifchium ; as the ifchiatic 

 artery and neive. See Akteuy and Neuvk. 



ISCHIATOCELE, in Surgery, a hernia taking place 

 at the faoro-ifchiatic foramen. See Heuxia. 

 • ISC H IM, in Geography, a town of Ruffia, in the govern- 

 ment of Tobolik, on the river Ifchim, which runs into tlie 

 Irtifch, N. lat. 57" 45'. E. long. 90''; 108 miles S. of 

 Tobolik. N. lat. 56' 10'. E. long. 69 14'. 



ISCHIMSKOI, a town cf Ruffia, in the government 

 of Tobolik, at the conflux of the Ifchim and Oby ; 112 

 "miles E. of Tobolik. 



ISCHIO-CAVERNOSUS, \n Anatomy, a name given 

 by W inflow and others to the eteclor j)ems raufclc. See 

 'Ckseratios. 



I s c 



ISCHIOCELE, in Surgery, a hernia between the facrniJi 

 and ilchinm. 



ISCHIO-COCCYGEUS, in Av.aiowy, a name for the 

 coccygcus mufcle ; which fee. 



ISCHIUM, one of the divifions of the os innominatum. 



See EXTKF.MITIKS. 



LsCHIL-M Os, Fr^flurrs of, in Surgrr\: See FkacTvre. 

 ISCHNAMBLUCIS, in N„luraJ Hi/lory, the name of 

 a genus of fofiils of the clafs of the felenitae, but one..f 

 thofe whicli are of a columnar form, not of the common 

 rhomboidal one. 



The ivord is derived from the Greek, it^^vo;, t'l/m, ?f .?.t',-, 

 blunt or eblif;, and kUi, a column, and exprefTes a body m 

 form of a thin flatted column, with obtufe ends. The bodies 

 of this genus are of an cftohedral figure, confiding of fix 

 long planes and about two broken ends. The top and bafe 

 phnes are broader than the reft. T-he crack which rims 

 through the whole length of bodies of tiiis genus is often 

 filled with clay, which fpreads itfelf into the form of an 

 ear of fome giafles ; of this genus there are only four known 

 fpccies. Hill. 



ISCHNOPIIONI.\, in MaMne, from .V;t'Jr, thin, and 

 €mr., th: -Mice, a term which feems to have been uled originaUy 

 to denote a certain tenuity or fmallnefs of the voice ; but 

 the mod common acceptation of the word is in the fcnle of 

 hefnation offpcech. 



ISCHURIA, from .Vxi-, I flop, and ««*, urme, fignifies 

 an entire fupprefGon or retention of the urine. 



The difeharge o^ urine may be a'together prevented or 

 fupprcfled for a time, from four different fets of caufes ; 

 whence Dr. CuUen has, with great judgment, arranged the 

 forty-three varieties of ifchvria, defcribed by Sauva^es after 

 Cuffon, under four heads or fpecies. Thefeare, i Ifchuria 

 renalh, in which the impediment to the excretion of urine 

 is in the k'lctiiks themfelves ; 2, Ifchuria wriaka, in which 

 the impediment confifts in an obdruftion of the canal of the 

 ureters, through which the urine diould pafs into the bladder ; 



3. ifchuria vef calls, in which the urine, fecretcd by the 

 kidnies, and tranfmitted through the ureters, is retained 

 in the bkidder from difeafe in that receptacle itfelf; and, 



4. Ifchuria urethralis, in which the impediment is occafioned 

 by fome obdruftion in the canal of the urethra, through 

 which the contents of the bladder are difcharged. See 

 Cullcn. Synopf. Nofol. Method. Clals iv. Ord. c. Sauvages, 

 Clafs X. Ord. 3. 



The rend ih huria, in which there is little or no fecretion 

 of urine eiTefied by the kidnies, is to be diftinguiflicd by 

 the fo'lowing circumdances : It fupervencs upon fome pre- 

 vious aifccliou of the kidnies, and is accompanied by pain 

 or an uncafy fenfe of weight in the region of the kidnies, 

 while, at the fame time, there is no tumour in the hypogaf- 

 trium, or lower portion of the belly, fuch as a dillended 

 bladder would occafion, nor any defire to make water. 

 The ifcliUria, from obdru£led ureters, is accompanied by 

 fimilar fymptoms, except that the pain or uneafincfs is felt 

 in the courfe of the ureter ; it is likewife uiiac onipanicd 

 by hypogHil.'ic tumour, or dcfirc to pafs urine. The moll 

 frequent caufes of thefe two forms of retention of urine 

 are inflammation of the kidnies or of the ureters, or the 

 prefence of calculous concretions in thofe parts ; bv;t othei- 

 caufes have been occafionafUy obferved to produce the dif- 

 eafe, fuch as grumous blood, impaclcd in the f;une jjarts, 

 and purulent matter, or mucus, obllrucling the pallages. 

 It may he remarked, that fome writers have confined the 

 term retention of urine to the renal form of the difeafe, as if 

 they would adert, that, when the urine was not fecretcd, it 

 was rclmued in the blood ; and tlicy denote the other forms 

 3 O .: of 



