I S E 



ef the difcare by the term fuppnjion of urine : — a falfe hypo- 

 tht'fi3, but the terms may be retained as expreflSng the fails. 

 When the retention is connedled with inflammation of the 

 kidney or ureter, its cure will depend upon the removal of 

 tliat jidaramatory ftate. (See NkPHRItis ) And when 

 it originates from imparted calcuUis, it muil he treated 

 with the remedies rcforted to in other calculous cafes. See 

 Nephralgia. 



The two other fpecies of ifchuria, orij;inati:ig from im- 

 pediments to the evacuation of the bladder, by difeafes of 

 that organ itfelf, or of i-^s outlet, the urethra, are to be 

 diftinguilaed, by the evident tumour of the hypogaftrium, 

 above the pubes. and by the frequent urging to make water, 

 accompanied with pain in the neck of the bladder, in the 

 one cafe, and in fome part of the urethra in the other. The 

 caufes which give rile to the veftcal fuppreffion of urine, 

 are inflammation of the neck of the bladder ; (tone in the 

 bladder ; fpafm of the fphinfter ; palfy extending to the 

 bladder ; over-difl:ention of its fibres, from retaining the 

 urine too long ; purulent matter, mucus, or grumous blood, 

 lodged in the neck of the bladder ; and tumours of the 

 neighbouring parts compreffing the neck of the bladder, 

 iuch as hardened f;eces in the redlum, or calculous concre- 

 tions, flatus, inflammation, abfcefs, or hemorrhoidal fwelHngs 

 in the fame bowel, and alfo the gravid uterus, or other, en- 

 largements of that vifcus. The caufes of impediment in the 

 canal of the urethra, which' occafion fuppreflion of urir.e, 

 are inflanimation of that paffage ; pus, mucus, or grumous 

 tlood impaded in it ; ilri&ure ; tumours in the perineum ; 

 phimofis, &c. 



The means by which thefe caufes of fupprcRion of urine 

 are chiefly to be removed, and the difoafe to be cured, are 

 principally furgical. See S upprejlon. of \5B.iy:v.. 

 Ischuria, in Surgery. See Rttenllon o/Uris^. 

 ISEFIORD. in Gtogrtiphy, a large bay or gulf of Den- 

 jnark, on the N. coail of tlie ifland of Zealand ; the mouth 

 of which lies in N. lat. 55' 59'. E. long. 1 1^ 50'. 



ISELASTICS, IsELAvncA, a kind of games, or com- 

 bats, celebrated in the cities of Greece and Afia, in the 

 time of the Roman emperors. 



Tiie vi£lors at thefe games had very confiderable privi- 

 leges conferred on them; after the example of Auguftus 

 and the Athenians, who did the hke to the conquerors at 

 the Olympic, Pythian, and Ifthmian games. They were 

 crowned on the fpot, immediately after their vidory ; had 

 penfions allowed tliem ; were furnifhed with provifion at the 

 public cod ; were carried home in triumph, and made to 

 enter their cities through a breach in the walls ; whence 

 their appellation from sjs-Aaujiiy, to enler. 



I3EI.IN, James Ciihistopher, in Bicgraphj, an emi- 

 nent phi'r,logi!l and divine, was born at Balil in 1681 ; and 

 haviivg lir'd a good foundation in grammar learning, he was 

 admitted to his academical courfe as early as the age of 13, 

 and at ij he diilingniflied himfelf by a Latin poem on 

 " The Pafiage of the Riiine" by the French, which ob- 

 tained for him great applaufe. In 1701 he v/as oidained 

 minifter, and on that occafion pubh(hed a difiertaticn en the 

 Babylon of the Revelations, in anfwer to the bifhop of 

 Meaux. In 1704 he accepted the chair cf eloquence and 

 Liftory in the univerfity of Marpurg, which he occupied 

 with great reputation for two years. In 1706 he was 

 appointed profuiTor cfhiftory and antiquities at Eafd, and in 

 1 7 1 1 he was made doftor in theology, and appointed to teach 

 that fciencc. He was invited to fettle at Paris, which he 

 declined, and the French academy eledted him to the place 

 of honorary member, vacant by the death of Cuper. This 

 hcaour was conferred upon him in return for the pains 



I S E 



he had taken to comply with the king's requefl of o'l,- 

 taining for him copies of the afts of the council held at 

 Bafil in the fifteenth century. He died in 1737, and his 

 memory was honoured by a great number of eulogies in 

 Latin and German. The works of M. Ifelin conlilt of 

 orations, differtations, and detached tracts on a variety of 

 fubjefts, philological, theological, and mifcell^neous. Morcri. 

 ISEMN, Isaac, was born at Bafil in 1728. He received 

 his academical education at Gottingen, where he paid great 

 attention to jurifprudence and ftatiltics under the moil abU 

 profeflbrs. He undertook the taflc of reducing the jurif- 

 prudence of the Swifs confederation into a fyfkm, of which 

 he publiflied a fpecimen in his thefis, when he obtained 

 the degree of doftor, under the title of " Tentamen Juris 

 publici Helvctici." When he had completed his ftudies 

 he went to Paris, and obtained the acquaintance ani friend- 

 fhip of the moil eminent men of letters in that capital. 

 After his return, he applied with great diligence to the 

 ft udy cf jurifprudence, and in 1756 he was appointed to 

 the important office of fecretary to the grand council of 

 his native city. Soon after he publiflied his firft work, 

 entitled the "Dream of Mankind," which has gone through 

 many editions. He next gave the world a work, entitled 

 " Free Thoughts on the Depopulation of my native City," 

 in which he rccommended^the admiflion of new citizens. But 

 his moll important work was his " Hiftory of Mankind,'' 

 in which he traces the progrefs of the human mind from 

 a Itate of rudenefs to that of refinement, and (hews in what 

 manner nations have emerged from obfcurity, and have beciv 

 copipletely civilized by the introduftion of arts and manu- 

 factures. Ifehn was the author alfo of a periodical work, 

 entitled " Ephemerides of Mankind." He cirried on an 

 extenfive correfpondence both in Switzerland and foreign 

 countries, and he wrote many excellent critiques in the 

 " Deutllie Bibliothek," which are faid to be diftinguilhed 

 by their acutenefs, modeily, and adherence to truth. He 

 died in the year 1783, at the age of 54. Ifelin's writings 

 abound with exalted ideas and ingenious thoughts, and dil- 

 play great knowledge of human nature, ai-dcut patriotifni^ 

 and a ilrong vigorous mind. Gen. Biog. 



ISEN, in Geography, atown.of Bavajia; 24 miles E.N.E. 

 of Munich. 



IfcENBURG, Upper, County of, a principality of 

 Germany, Ctuated in the Wctterau, about 30 miles long 

 and 10 broad. The houfe of Ifenburg is divided into ft- 

 veral branches, taking thcjr furnames refpeftiveiy from towns 

 on the eilate. 



IsESEUKG, Zcw^r, a connty of Germany, in the circle 

 of the Lower Rhine, formerly governed by courts of its 

 own, as a fief of the eleiSorate of Treves. 



IsENBUnc, a town of Germany, giving name to the 

 county, fituatcd on the Ifer, and furroimded with (liarp 

 rocks, on one of which is acalUe built by Charlemagne ; 10 



miles N. of Coblentz. N. lat. ^o" 30'. 



35- 



IsENBUi'.c-., Nciu, a tov.n ot Germany, in the county nf 

 Ifeiibuiy. ibunded by French refugees ; 3 miles S. of Frank- 

 fort on the Maine. N. lat. 50' 3'. E. long. 8 38'. ' 

 . ISENHAGEN, a town of Weftphalia, in tiie princi- 

 pahty of Limeburg ; 24 miles E.N.E. of Zelle. 



ISEO, a town of Italy, in the department of the Benaco, 

 on a lake to which it gives name, through which the river 

 Oglio takes its courfe : the town was anciently called " Sa- 

 bino ;" 12 miics N.W. of Brefcia. 



ISER, a river of the Tyrolefe, which rifes about 5 miles 

 N. of lnfpruck,.and, paCing by Munich, Landthut, Landau, 

 &c. runs into the Danube, 2 miles below Deckendorf,. 



ISERE^ a river which rifes in the Alps, about 1 2 miles 



froiu 



