I S T 



Isthmus is alfo applied, by the anatomift?, to fevernl 

 "parts of the human boJy, particularly tliat iianow part of 

 the throat, fituule betwixt the tsvo tonfils. 



Alfo to the ridge that feparatcs the two noflrils ; and to 

 the paffage in that part of the medulla oblongata of the 

 brain which lies between the cerebrum and cerebellum, and 

 which reaches from the p'ace called anus to the fourth ven- 

 tricle. The upper part or cover of this conduit, or paflagc, 

 \vliich is betwixt the tettes and the foremofl vermicular 

 procefs of the cerebellum, and to which two it is tied 

 at its two ends, and to the procefFcs which come from 

 the cerebellum to the teftes at its fides, is called valenta 

 major; it is of a medullary fubflance, and its ufe is to 

 keep tlie lympha from falling out above the nerves in the 

 balls of the ikuU. 



ISTIATZKA, in Geographi, a town of Ruffia, in the 

 government of Tobolfli, on the Vagal ; 68 miles S. of 

 Tobolfli. 



ISTI^, in Avcieut Geography, a town of the ifland of 

 Euboea ; fituated in the northern part of the illand upon 

 a mountain, nearly oppolite to the Pelafgic gulf, which 

 belonged to Theffuly. It was anciently called Oreos, from 

 its fituation, cjc- being a mountain. Its original inhabitants 

 :ivere driven from it by Pericles, and retired to the Eiliotide, 

 an interior country of 'i'btffaly ; and their place was oc- 

 cupied by a colony of Athenians, of tlie tribe Hciliaea. It 

 is now called Orio, or Oreo. 



ISTIB, in Geography, a town of European Turkey, in 

 Macedonia; 72 miles N. of Saloniki. N. lat. 41' 50'. 

 E. long. 22^ 48'. 



ISTILLAR, a town of European Turkey, in Mace- 

 donia; 56 miles S.E. of Salonik'. 



ISTIZER, a town of Ruflia, in the governtnent of 

 ToboUk ; 24 miks E.S.E. of Tobollk. 



ISTLAN, a towu uf Mexico, in the province of Me- 

 choacan ; 60 miles N.W. of Mcclioacan. 



ISTRE, a tow^n of France, in the department of the 

 mouths of the Rhone, and chief place of a canton, in the 

 diftrift of Aix ; 18 miles S.E. of Aries. Tlie place con- 

 tains 21 I.I, and the canton 5922 inhabitants, on a territory 

 of 347 n kiiiometres, in 4 communes. 



ISTRIA, a peninfula of Europe, bounded every where 

 by the fea, except on the north, where it is joined to Car- 

 inola. This peninfula was anciently a part of lllyrium ; 

 Tjiit being conquered by the Romans, between the firft and 

 fecond Punic wars, it was annexed to Italy. In the middle 

 ages it belonged to the patriarch of Aquileia, who was 

 invelled with it, as a mar<iuifate, by the emperor Henry IV. 

 In the year i igo the maritime part was for the moll part 

 conquered by the republic of Venice, abating fome inter- 

 ruptions on the part of the Auftrians. Venetian Iftria was 

 divided into 4 biflioprics and iS diftrifls ; it contained 6 

 large, and 12 fmall towns, or boroughs, 200 villages, and 

 loo,oco inhabitants, who were chiefly employed in agri- 

 culture, the produdtion of wine and oil, the rearing of bees, 

 the manufafture of filk, leather, tallow, and fait, and fifliing. 

 The grain, wine, oil, and fait, have been reckoned excel- 

 lent, and have afforded, together with the tunny fifh and 

 anchovy fiflicry, profitable articles of commerce. The 

 marble and lloue have likewife fupplied important branches 

 of trade. But the chief wealth of lilria has confided in its 

 foreils, which overfpread a great part of the country, 

 and yield abundance, not only of fire-wood and timber 

 for fhip-building, but alfo of game. By the treaty of 

 Campo Formio, in 1797, and that of Luneville, in 1801, 

 the Venetian part oif Iltria was ceded to Aullrja. But by 



I T A 



the treaty of Prefburg, in 1805, that part of the dates of 

 the republic of Venice, which had been ceded to the em- 

 peror of Germ.any and Auflria by the treaties of Campo 

 Eormio and Luneville, were united in perpetuity to the 

 king of Italy. 



ISTRUP, or OlsTRUP, a town of the bilhopric of 

 Faderborn ; 12 miles E. of Paderborn. 



ISTUNALA, a town of South America, in the go- 

 vernment of Tucuman ; 130 miies E. of St. Miguel de 

 Tucuman. 



ISUNGO, a town near the cer.ire of the illand of Gi- 

 lolo. 



ISVORA, a tott-n of Walachia ; 12 miks E.S.E. of 

 Brancovina. 



ISURIUM, in Ancient Geography, a town of the ifland 

 of Albion, or Drilain, in the country of the Brigantes. It 

 is now Aldburrov.-, near Borougiibridge, and probably 

 derived its name from its fituation on the river Ure. Al- 

 though it is now a fmall village, it feems to have been once 

 tlie capital of the Brigantes ; being called, both in the 

 Itinerary of Antoninc ar.d in Ravenna's, " Ifurium Brigan- 

 tum."' The foundations of the ramparts may ftill be 

 traced. 



ISWA RA, in H'mdoo Mythology, one of the many narnes 

 of Siva ; but it is fometimes applied, rather confufedly, to 

 other deities, being nearly equivalent to our lord, and fuf- 

 ceptible of equivocal application. Generally, however, it 

 is underilood of Siva, and fometimes has the epithet Maha 

 prefixed, giving Mahefwara, or the great Ifwara. Uiider 

 this form the name of his fakti, or confort, is Mahefwari. 



ISV^'^ETOSTA, in Geography, a town of Sweden, in 

 the province of Skonen ; 8 miles N. E. of Chriftianftatt. 



ITABIER, a town of the ifland of Borneo ; 30 miles 

 N. of Nogara. 



ITABOCA, a town of Brazil, in the government of 

 Para, on the Tocantin ; 90 miles S. of Canuta. 



ITACAMBIM, a town of Brazil ; 60 miles N. of Villa 

 Nova del Principe. 



ITACORUSSA, a town of Brazil, fituated on the 

 Xiiigis ; 60 miles S.W. of Curupa. 



ITAIARA, iu Ichthyology, a name by which fome have 

 called a Brafilian filh, of the turdus kind, of great beauty, 

 and a very delicate tafte, more ufually known by the name 

 juruncapeba. 



ITAKA, in Geography, a town of Japan, in the ifland 

 of Niphon ; 3^ miles S. of Ixo. 



ITALA, a town of Sicily, in the valley of Demona ; 

 13 miles S W.of Meffina. 



ITALAH, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia. N. 

 lat. _:;8' 43'. E. long. 28^ 29'. 



ITALIA, in Ancient Geography. See Italt. 



ITALIAN, the language fpoken in Italy. 



This tongue is derived principally from the Latin, and of 

 all the languages formed from the Latin, there is none wliich 

 carries with it more vifible marks of its original than the 

 Italian. 



It is accounted one of the mod perfeft among the modern 

 tongues. It is complained, indeed, that it has too many 

 diminutives and fuperlativcs, or rather augmentatives ; but 

 without any great reafon : for if thofc words convey 

 nothing farther to the mind than the juil ideas of things, 

 they are no more faulty than our pleonafras and hyper- 

 boles. 



The language correfponds to the genius of the people ; 

 they are flow and thoughtful ; and, accordingly, their lan- 

 guage rutis heavily, though fmoothly j and many of tbcir 

 2 words 



