I V A 



^r#ry fmall, but the fteeple is high, of a particularly light 

 architciSure : it ftands on four fmail iron pillars, which, at 

 a dillance, are hardly perceivable. N. lat. ^^^ 57'. E. long. 



IV A, in Botany, a name apparently of barbarous origin, 

 firft applied to a fpecies of Teucrium or Ajuga. It does not 

 appear why Linnxus appropriated it to the prefent genus. 

 — Linn. Gen. 490. Schreb. 637. Mart. Mill. Dift. v. 2. 

 Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 3. 346. JufT. igo. Lamarck Dift. 

 V. 3. 315. Illuftr. t. 766. Gsrtn. t 164. (Tarchonan- 

 thus; Vaill. Act. 1719. f. 16, 17.) — Clafs and order. Mo- 

 mrc'ta Pentandria. Nat. Ord. Compqfili^ Nucamentacee, Linn. 

 Corymblfera, JiifT. 



Gen. Ch. Common Calyx roundirti, of about five fub- 

 ovate, obtufe, nearly equal, permanent leaves, containing 

 many florets. Cor. Compound convex, having numerous 

 male florets in the di(k, and five female ones in the cir- 

 cumference ; that of each of the males monopetalous, fun- 

 nel-(haped, five-toothed, the length of the caly.x ; of the 

 females wanting. Stam. Fila;r,ents five, fetaceous, the length 

 of the floret ; anthers erect, approximated. Pl/l. Germen 

 oblong, the length of the calyx ; ftyles two, capillary, long; 

 ftigmas acute. Peric. none, except the unchanged calyx. 

 Steds folitary, naked, a-^ long as the calyx, thicker about the 

 upper part, obtufe. Reapt. befet with linear fcales. 



Ed. Ch. Male, Common calyx of three or five leaves. 

 Florets of the dilk monopetalous, five-cleft. Female, Cor- 

 roUa wanting. Styles two. Seeds naked, obtufe. 



1. /. annua. Linn. Sp. PI. 1402. Schmid. Ic. 59. t. 16. 

 ♦' Leaves lanceolate, ovate. Stem herbaceous."— A native 

 of South America. — This annual rifes to the height of five 

 or fix feet. Root fibrous, branching. Stem jointed, fur- 

 rowed, red, hairy ; pairs of oppofite branches formed at 

 each joint. Leaves oppofite, on foot-ilalks, ovate and 

 pointed, veined, reddifh above, and green underneath. 

 Clujlers axillary and terminal, blueifh, or of the fame rufty 

 colour with the ftem, interfperfed with long, pointed, fer- 

 rated bradteas. 



2. I.frutefceni. Linn. Sp. PI. 1402. (Elichryfo af&nis 

 peruvania frutefcens ; Pluk. Phyt. t. 27. f. 1.) — " Leaves 

 lanceolate. Stem rtirubby." — Found in Virginia and Peru. 

 It flowers in Auguft. — Root perennial. Branches woody, 

 flender, eight or ten feet long. Leaves fcrrated ; the 

 branches terminated by chulers of pale purple flowers. 



IvA, in Gartlening, comprifes plants of the hardy, de- 

 ciduous, flinibby, herbaceous, annual kinds, of which the 

 fpecies commonly grown are, the annual iva (I. annua), and 

 the ftinibby iva, or baftard Jefuit's bark-tree {I. fru- 

 tefcens. ) 



Method of Culture.— The plants of the firft fort are 

 raifed by fowing the feeds on a moderate hot -bed in the 

 fpring, and when they are fit to remove, phcing them in 

 another hot-bed, treating them as the lefs tender annual 

 forts. 



But in the fecond fort, the young branches fliould be 

 laid down in the fpring, when they will put out roots in 

 about fix months ; or cuttings may be planted in a fliady 

 border in May, and when they have taken root, removed, 

 with earth about their roots, to the places where they are 

 to grow. The plants fucceed beft in a dry foil, and warm 

 (lieltercd fituation. 



Plants of the firft ^brt- afford ornament among the lefs 

 tender annuals, and thofe of the latter in the warm borders 

 and clumps in flirubberies and picafure ground. 



IVAFUNE, in Geography, a town of Japan, in the iHand 

 gf Niphon ; ^o miles S.S.E. of Nigata. 



I VAIIAH is the name of one of the canoei or boats ufcd 



I y A 



by the iflanders of the South fea, for fhort excurfions to fea : 

 it is wall-fided and flat-bottomed. Sec Bo.\T. 



Ivan- I., Va.s.silievitch, John B.vsii.ov. itz, in Bio- 

 graphy, czar of Ruifia, was born in 1 438, and fucceeded to 

 the throne in 1462. At this period Ruflia was divided 

 into a number of petty principalities : fome of th.-m were 

 fubjcft to the czar or'great duke, and all, together with 

 him, tributary to the Tartars, who atfumed a fiip-riority 

 over that prince. The following is given as an init nice of 

 the fervitude of the great duke. It is recorded by Cromer 

 the Polifli hiftorian, and quoted by Coxe in his travels : 

 " Whenever the Tartar ambaffadors were fcnt to Mofcow 

 to colled tribute, the great duke ufed to meet them, and 

 ofiTer, as a mark of his refpcd, a cup of mare's milk ; aid 

 if a drop chanced to fall upon the mane of the horfe on 

 which the Tartar ambafiador was fitting, he would Isimf^lf 

 lick it up. When they reached the hall of audience, the 

 ambafladors read the khan's letter feated upon a carpet of 

 the choiceft furs, while the grent duke with ids nobles knelt, 

 and hftened in refpeclful filence." Ivan, who may be juttly 

 efteemed the founder of Ruffian greatnefs, was a man of 

 gigantic ftature, and of correfponding refolution and vi- 

 gour, accompanied with the ferocity of a barbarian defpot. 

 In the courfe, however, of a profperous reign of above 40 

 years, he gave a new afpeift to the Rufli.m affairs : he an- 

 nexed to his dominions feveral nciglibriuring principal 

 duchies, fubdued Novogorod, and refcued his country from 

 the Tartar yoke. He had no fooner delivered Ruflia from 

 this dependence, than his alliance was courted by many 

 European fovereigns, and during his reign, for the firft 

 time, the emperor of Germany, ttie pope, the grand fignior, 

 the kings of Poland and Denmark, and the republic of 

 Venice, felt it their intereft to fend ambafladors to the 

 Ruflian court. The talents of Ivan were not confined to 

 military affairs. RufTia was ind -bted to him for the im- 

 provement of her commerce, and for opening a more ready 

 communication with European nations. Under his aufpices, 

 the knowledge of gunpowder, and the art of cafting cannon 

 were firft brought "into Ruffia by Ariftotle of Bologna : he 

 employed the fame artift, and fpm.e other foreigners, vo 

 re-coin Ruflian money, which had hitherto been disfigured 

 by Tartar infcriptions : he engaged, at a vaft expence, 

 Italian artifts to enclofe the citadels of Mofcow and Novo- 

 gorod, with walls of brick, and to ereft feveral churches 

 and other public ftruftures with the fame materials. For 

 his various fervices he obtained the title of Great. It fliould 

 be obfcrved, that the manners of Ivan were foftened and 

 poliflied in fome degree by the example of his fecond wife 

 Sophia, a Grtcian princefs, daughter of Thomas Palxolo- 

 gus, a lady of confummate beauty and winning addrefs, 

 who, to all the foftcr graces of her fex, added a vigorous 

 and manly fpirit, and who, while flie infufcd into her hufband 

 a tafte for the arts of peace, animated hijn to thole glorious 

 cnterprifes which occafioned the aggrandifement of his 

 country. He is reorefcntcd as being ftern and unfeeling, 

 given to ebriety, though he punifhed it feverely in otliers, 

 and an objecT; of dread to all who approached him. He 

 died in 1505, in the 67th year of his age, and the 43d c.[ his 

 reign. On each fide of his remains were dopofited thofe 

 of "his father, Vaffili Vaflilievitch, and of his fon, VafTili 

 Ivanovitch, who fucceeded him on his throne, and expired 

 in 1553. Coxe's Travels, vol. ii 



Ivan II., VA.sMi.iEvrrcii, fucceeded his father Ivano- 

 vitch in the year 1530. Being oi.ly three years of age, 

 he was left under the care and fuperintendancc of guardians, " 

 who faithfullv performed the duty committed to them, and 

 defeated the plots of the voung prince's uncles, who were 

 4. 1") dehrous 



