J II c 



century, which isthe true date of its origin. He takes notice 

 of the various changes which it underwent with refpeft to 

 the time of its celebration, the various colours with which 

 the ambitions pontiffs covered it, in order to render it re- 

 fpedtable and alluring in the eyes of the multitude ; and ex- 

 pofcs thefe illuliosis by many convincing arguments, the 

 gravity of which is feafoncd with an agreeable and temperate 

 mixture of decent raillery. He proves, with indifputableevi- 

 dence, that the papal jubilee is an imitation of the '• fecular 

 games" that were celebrated with fuch pomp in pa^^an Rome. 

 He points out the grofs contradictions that reitjn in the bulls 

 of the different popes, with refpecl to the naiure of this in- 

 tlitution and the time of its celebration. Nor does he pafs 

 over in I'Jence the infamous traffic of indulgences, tiie wordly 

 pomp and fplendour; the crimes, debaucheries, and dilbrders 

 of every kind, that were obfervable at the return of each 

 jubilee year. He lays alfo before the reader an Ijittorical 

 view of aU the jubilees that were celebrated from the pon- 

 tificate of Boniface VIII. in the year 1300 to that of Bene- 

 dict XIV. in 1750, with an entertaining account of the moft 

 remarkable adventures that happened among the pilgrims 

 who repaired to Rome on thefe occalions. 



One of our kings, -viiz,. Edv.-ard III. caufed his birth-day 

 to be obferved in manner of a jubilee, when he became fifty 

 years of age, in 136;, but never before or after. This he 

 did, by releafing prifoners, pardoning all offences, except 

 treafon, making good laws, and granting many privileges 

 ,to the people. 



We have ktely, z'iz. in 1809, had a jubilee, on occafion 

 of our fovereign George III. having attained to the fiftieth 

 year of his reign. 



There are particular jubilees in certain cities, wlien feveral 

 of their fealts fall on the fame day ; at Puey en Velay, for 

 inftance, when the feaft of the Annunciation happens on 

 Good-Friday ; and at Lvons, when the fea'.l of St. John 

 Baptill concurs with the feafl of Corpus Chrilli. 



In 1640, tlie Jefuits celebrated a folemn jubilee at Rome ; 

 that being tiie cei.tenary, or hundredth year from their in- 

 flitntion, and the fame ceremony was obferved in all their 

 houfes throughout the world. 



.IUBILjEUS, or JuBlLEUS, is ufed among the Roma- 

 nifts, to fignify a religious who has been fifty years in a 

 monallery, or an ecclelia!tic who has been in orders fifty 

 years. 



Such veteran religious are difpcnfed with in fome places 

 from attending matins, or a flricl obfcrvance of any other 

 of their rules. 



JuBlL.sus is alfo extended to any man a hundred years 

 old ; and to a poifefTion oi- prefcription for fifty years, 

 " Si agcr non invtuietur in fcriptione, inquiratur de feniori- 

 bus, quantum temporis fuit turn altero ; & fi fuh certo 

 jubilio manfit fine vltuperatione, maneat in aeternum." 



JUBO, in Geography, ?. kingdom of Africa, cii the coall 

 of Ajan, near the Ealt Indian fea, with a capital of the 

 fame name, fubjeft to the Portuguefe. N. lat. o jo'. 

 E. long. 43" 20'.— Alfo, a river of /\fr!ca, which runs 

 into the Indian fea, a httle to the N. of the equinoftial line, 



E. long. 42' 46 Alfo, a town of Africa, in the kingdom 



of Benin. 



JUBONES, a rivet of Peru, which runs into the Pacific 

 ocean, S. lat 3 ' 20'. 



JUCARICHI, a town of Mexico, in the province of 

 New Bifcay ; no miles N.W. of Patral. 



.lUCASETZ, a town of Sclavonia ; 25 miles S of 

 Efzek. 



JUC.'\TAN. SecYtiCATAN-. 



J U D 



JUCCA, in Botany, the name of a diftinft genus of 

 plants, otherwife called Tucca. 



JUCENDRO, in Gcojrapty, a town of the ifland of 

 Madagaicar. S. lat. 23^ lo'. E. long. 47 14'. 



JUCKAS.IERVI, atown of Swcdilli Lapland; 145 miles 

 N.\V. of Tonica. N. lat. 67' 50'. E. long. 20 46'. 



JUCKATAGHERI, a town of Hindooftan, in the 

 Caniatic ; five miles E. of Muglee. 



JUCKING, the notes of a cock partridge, inviting the 

 hen to come to him. Thcfc ferve the fportfinen in good 

 flead for finding the places where they are. 



JUCLEZ, in Geography, a town of Turkeftan ; 45 

 miles S.W. of Turkcltan. 



JUCURUTA, in Ornithology, a very beautiful fpecies 

 of owl, found in the Brazils, and vai-iegated with black and, 

 yellow. 



JUD, in Mining, is applied, in the collieries in Derby- 

 fhire, to a certain depth of coal in the face of their work, 

 which will fall at once, after the holers have undermined the 

 fame, and the hammer-n en have applied their wedges near 

 to. the roof; it is alfo called the web, and the rib of coal in 

 fome places, and is limited, like the face of the coal, by pa- 

 rallel vertical flines or lengihway joints ; the backs of New- 

 caifie colliers. 



JUDyE Auricula. See Auricula. 



JUDiEA. SeeJuDEA. 



JUD AH, in Scripture Biogrnphy, the fourth fon of Jacob 

 and Leah, was born in Mefopotamia, A.M. 2249, B.C. 

 17JJ; and was always regarded as the chief of Jacob's 

 children. The privileges of the firft-born feem to have been 

 transferred from Reuben to him, after the incell of Reuben 

 with Bilhah his father's wife. For the bleffing pronounced 

 by Jacob on his death-bed to Judah, fee Gen. xlix. 8 — 13. 

 I'hat part of it which occurs in the loth verfe, feems to 

 imply, that the regal power Ihould not go out of his family, 

 and that the MciFuh fliould dtrive his birth from it. 



JuD.AH, Leo, in Biography, a learned Proteftant divine, 

 fon of John Judah, a German priell, was born in the year 

 1482. When he was abor.t twenty years of age, lie was 

 fent to Bafil to purfue his academical ihidies. Here he 

 had for a fellow lludent, the afterwards much celebrated 

 Z.iingle, and from him, who had at a very early age been 

 iliocked at the fupcrftitiows practices of the church of Rome, 

 he received fuch impreflioiis, and was directed to fuch en- 

 quiries, as predifpoled him to embrace the reformed reli- 

 gion. Having obtained his degree of M.A. he was ap- 

 pointed minifter of a Swifs church, to the duties of which 

 he applied hiiufelf with indef..ti.ab'e zciil. His ftudies led 

 him to renounce the dillinguiihing tenets of popery, and an 

 adoption of 'iofe of the reformation. He openly preached 

 in defence ot the Proteifant religion, was appointed by the 

 magillrates and ecclofiallical aflenibly of Z'lrich pallor. of 

 the church of St. Peter in that city, and became very <.ele- 

 brated as an advocate, as well from the prefs as the pulpit, 

 of the fyftem to which he was a convert. At the defire of 

 his brethren, he undertook a tranllation, from the Hebrew 

 into Latin, of the whole Old Teilament. The magnitude 

 of the work, and the clofenefs with which he applied to it, 

 were more than he was able to bear, and before he had ■ 

 completed it, he fell a facrificc to his labours in 1542, 

 when he was about fixty years of age. 'i'iic iranflation was 

 finifhed by other hands, and was printed at Zurich in i J43, 

 and two years afterw.irds it v/as reprinted at Paris by 

 Robert Stevens, accompanying the vulgate verfion, in ad- • 

 joining columns, but without the name of the author of the 

 new verfion. Judah was likewifc the author of " Annota- . 



tious'* 



