J U D 



tions" on divers books of the Old and New Tellament, 

 and of tivo catectiifms. Gen. Biog. 



Jl'DAli, Tribe of, in Scripture Geogrnphy, a canton of 

 Paleiline, wl,ich extended S. of Benjamin, about 27 miles, 

 quite to tlie mountains of Soir, or Edom, which were the 

 frontiers between it and Iduir.xa. It was bounded on the 

 E. by tlie Dead fea, and on the W. by the tribes of Dan 

 and Simeouj both which lay between it and the Mediterra- 

 nean. Judah was reckoned the largeft and moll populous 

 tribe of all the twelve, and the inhabitants were the iloiiteft 

 and moll valiant. It was, moreover, the chief and royal 

 tribe, from which the ki'igdom was denominated. The 

 land -ivas beautifully variegated with fertile plains, hills, 

 dales, lates, and fountains, and it produced great plenty of 

 corn, wine, oil, fi-uits, and pafture, except where it lay 

 •contiguous to Idinnxa. It was properly in this territory of 

 Judah, that the Canaanites dwelt, and here Abraham and 

 his defcendants fojounied, till they went down into Egypt. 

 The moll remarkable places of this tribe were Azekah, 

 Bethlehem, Bethzor, Emmaus, Engedi, Hebron, Libna, 

 Makkedah, Maon, Maffada, Tekoah, and Ziph ; which 

 fee refpectively. 



One of the principal prerogatives of this tribe was, that 

 it preferved the true religion, and the public exercife of the 

 priefthood, with the legal ceremonies in the temple of .Teru- 

 falem ; wliile the ten tribes gave tliemfelves up to idolatry, 

 and the worfhip of the golden calves. This tribe, at the 

 Exodus, was compofed of 74,600 men, capable of bearing 

 arms. 



Judah, Kingdom of, a denomination given to the maimed 

 kingdom of Rehoboam, in contradiftinftion to that of Il'rael, 

 ■upon the revolt of the ten tribes. The crown pafied from 

 Benjamin (from Said and IlhboHieth'l into Judah, which 

 was David's tribe, and that of the kings his fuccefTors, 

 ifntil the Babylonilh captivity. And after the return from 

 that captivity, although this tribe did not reign, it gave the 

 fceptre to thofe who did reign, and in a certain leiife re- 

 united in i-^fclf the whole Hebi'ew nation, which from that 

 time was known only as " Judaei," Jews, defcendants of 

 Judah. See Jews and Isr.\el. 



JUDAICUS Lapis, a fmall, grey, foft, brittle ftone, 

 in form of an olive, having lines drawn regularly on its 

 furface, as if they were formed by art. 



This is a kind of extraneous foflil, being a fpine of an 

 -echinus marinus petrified. This ilone has by many been 

 luppoled to be a foflil body in its native figure, but is really 

 the remains of a fpine of an echinus, filled with a plated fpar. 

 It is very common in Syria, and is foraetimes found with us. 

 See Spak. 



Tiiefe extraneous foffils are the petrified fpines of echini, 

 aculei echinorum, or tecolithi of Pliny, which the chalk 

 flrata, and thofe of the Bath freellone in England, produce 

 in great perfeftion and variety of Hiapes ; fome of them 

 occafioned by difeafe in the animal, as is probable, from the 

 obfervations of Mr. Sowerby. It is not very common, that 

 the fpines are found attached to the foflil echini : a fpecimen 

 of this kind, imbedded in a black flint, fold for 20 guineas, 

 we are told, at the fale by audlion of the late fir Alton 

 Lever's mufeuni. The foffil fpines of mod of the echini 

 differ fo much from the recent fpines, that Linnx-us doubted 

 ■whether they really were fuch, a matter now placed beyond 

 any doubt, by the difcovery of fpecimens like that above 

 mentioned. 



JUDAISM, the religious dodlrincs and rites of the 

 Jews, which, as well as their commonwealth, (fee Theo- 

 .«-KACV,) are attributed by Mofcs wholly to God. Judaifm 

 V, as b\i,t a temporary difpcnfation, and v.as to give way, at 



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lead the ceremonial part of it, at the coming of the Mef;. 

 For a complete fyftem of Judaifm, fee the books of Mt i^ . 

 Judaifm was anciently divided into feveral fefts ; the prin- 

 cipal whereof were the Pharifees, Saddueea, and EJlues ; 

 which fee refpeftively. 



At prefent there are two fefls among the Jews, i-is. the 

 Carnius, (which fee,) who admit of no rule of religion but 

 the law written by Mofes ; and the Rabbiniils, who add to 

 the law the traditions of the Talmud. See Rabbinists and 

 Talmud. 



It has been obfcrved that Judaifm, of all religions, is 

 that which is the mod rarely abjured, in the 18th of 

 Edward I. the parliament granted the king a fifteenth for 

 the expulfion of Judailm. 



In England formerly, the Jews and all their goods be- 

 longed to the chief lord where they lived, and he had fuch 

 abfolute property in them, that he might fell them ; for 

 they had not liberty to remove to another lord without 

 leave. Mat. Paris tells us, that Henry III. fold the Jew-s 

 to earl Richard, his brother, for a term of year.^, that quas 

 rex cstoriaverat, comes e-jifcerarct. 



They were diftinguifhed from the Chriftians both living 

 and dying ; for they had proper judges and courts wherein 

 their caufes were tried, and they wore a badge on their 

 bread over their clothes in (hape of a table ; and they were 

 fined, if they ftirred abroad without fuch badges. They 

 were never buried in the country, b\!t always brought up to 

 London, and interred without the walls. 



JUDAN, in Geography, a town of Hindooilan, in Bag- 

 lana ; 20 miles W. of Junere. 



JUDAS Maccab/T.us. See Macc.ib-ees. 



JuDAS-Z/Yif, in Botany. See Cercis. 



JUDD.\, in Geography, a town of HindooRan, in ihfe 

 circar of Gurrah ; 10 miles E. of Mahin-. 



JLTDE, QX the Ep'ifik of Jiidc, a canonical book of the 

 New Tellament, written againit the heretics,' who, by their 

 impious coclrines ar.d diforderly lives, corrupted the fuith 

 and good morala of the Chriftians. 



The author of this epiftle, called Judas, and alfo Thad- 

 deus and Lebbeus, was one of the 12 apoftles ; he was the 

 fon of Alpheus, brother of James the Lefs, and one of thofe . 

 who were called our Lord's brethren. We are not informed, 

 when or how h.e was called to be an apoftle ; but it has been 

 conjeftured, that before his vocation to the apoftleiliip he 

 was an hulbandman, that he was married, and that he had 

 children. The only account we have of him in particular, 

 is that which occurs in John, xiv. 21, 22, 25. It is not 

 uureafonable to fuppofe, that, after ha\-ir.g i-eceived, inxom- 

 mon whh the other apollles, extraordinary gifts at the pen- 

 tecoft, he preached the gofpel for fome time in feveral partfe 

 of the land of Ifrael, and wrought miracles in the rUme of 

 ChrilL And, as his life feems to have been prolonfted, it 

 is probable that he afterwards left Judea, and went abroad 

 preaching the gofpel to Jews and Gentiles in other countries. 

 Some have faid that he preached in Arabia, Syria, Mefo- 

 potamja, and Perfia ; and that he fuffered martyrdom in the 

 lall-mentioncd country. But we have no account of his 

 travels upon which we can rely ; and it may be queflioncd 

 whether he was a martyr. 



In the early ages of Chriftianity, feveral reje'fted the 

 EpilUe of St. Jude, bccaufe the apocryphal books of Enoch, 

 and the afcenfion of Mofes, are quoted in it. Ne'vcrthelefs 

 it is to be found in all the ancient catalogues cf the ficred 

 writings ; and Clement of Alcxand.ria, Tertullian, and 

 Origen, quote it as written by Jnde, and reckon it among 

 the books of facred fcriprure : in the time-of Eufi-biiis it 

 was generally received. As to die objefiions that hyve 



b-ca 



