J U D 



pliaxad is Deioces, king oF Media ; and that the deftniftion 

 of Holofcrnes and his army at Bethulia took place in the 

 44th year of ManafTeh, B.C. fijt;. He further fuppofes, on 

 the authority of St. Jerom, that this book was originally 

 written in the Chaldee language, and tranflated by Jerom 

 into the Latin tongue, which is the trandation that is now 

 extant in the vulgar Latin edition of the Bible. The Eng- 

 lifh trandation, which we at prefent have among tlie 

 apocryphal writings in our Bible, as well as the Syriac, was 

 made from the Greek. 



Wliether the book of Judith be authentic and canonical 

 is a point tliat has been very much difputed. The Jews 

 read it in St. Jerom's time ; St. C'-emcnt hath cited it in 

 epift. I. ad Corinth., as well as the apoilolical conilitutioirs, 

 Clemens Alexandriims, Origen, Tertullian, St. Ambroi'e, 

 and St. Jerom. Jerom fays, in his preface to the book of 

 Judith, that the council of Nice received it among the ca- 

 nonical books, though no canon was made to approve it. 

 St. Athanaiius, or the author of the Synopfis, gives a fum- 

 mary account of it. St. Autlin, and the whole African 

 church, received it. Pope Innocent L, and pope Gelafius, 

 acknowledged it. The council of Trent hath alfo cor.- 

 iirmed this book. The Romanills of courfe, having re- 

 ceived this book into the canon ef divine writ, hold the 

 hiftory recorded in it to be true. On the other hand, it is 

 the opinion of Grotius, that it is wholly a parabolical fic- 

 tion, written in the time of Antiochus Epiphanes, when he 

 came into Judea to raife a perfecntion againll the Jewifii 

 church ; and that the defign of it was, to conlirm the Jews 

 under th?it perfecntion, in their hopes that God would fend 

 tliem a deliverance : accordingly " by Judith is meant Ju- 

 dea ; by Bethulia the temple or houfe of God ; and by 

 the fword which went out from thence, the prayers of the 

 faints ; that Nebuchodonofor doth there denote the devil, 

 and the. kingdom of Affyria, the devil's kingdom, pride ; 

 that bv Holofernes is there meant the inllrumcnt or agent 

 <if the devil in that perfecntion, Antiochus Epiphanes, 

 who made himfclf mallei- of Judea, that fair widow, fo 

 called, becaufe deilitute of relitf ; that Eliakim figuifies 

 God, who would arife in her defence, and at length cut off 

 that inftrument of the ilevil who would have corrupted 

 her.'' Many learned writers among the Protcllants, though 

 ihey do not adopt the peculiar fancy of this great man, 

 agree with liim in the general, that this book is rather a 

 parabolical than a real hiftory, defigned for the inftruftion 

 and comfort of the Jews under that figure, and not to give 

 them a narrativ.' of any thing that was really done ; and 

 their reafon is, that they think it utterly ijico'nfiftent with 

 all times, where it hath been endeavoured to be placed, 

 either before or after the captivity of the .lews. Dr. Pri- 

 deaux thinks that by putting it in the time of ManafTeh he 

 removes all the objeftinns which are alleged to prove its 

 inconfiftency with the times after the captivity, which he 

 thinks are unanfwcrable. 



After examining a variety of objeiftions relating to this 

 book and its hiftory, Dr. Pridcaux concludes, " that if any 

 one will ftill contend, that it is only a religious romance, 

 and not a true liiftory ; that, according to the intention of 

 the author, tlie fcene of it was put under the reign of 

 Xerxes, when Joakim, the fon of Joftiua, was high-prieft, 

 and the civil government of Judea, as well as the ecclefialli- 

 cal, was in the hands of that officer : and that the incon- 

 fiftency of fo many particulars in that book, with the ftate 

 and tranfaftions of thofe times, was only from the igno- 

 rance of the author in the hiftory of the (aid times, and his 

 u»(kilfulneis in placing the fcenc of his hiftory in them ; I 



I V E 



fay, if any will infift on all this, notwithftanding what is 

 above faid, I fliall not enter into any controvcrfy with him 

 about it : only thus Kiuch I muft infift on, that if it be a 

 tru; hiftory (which I am inchnedmoft to think, though I 

 will not be pofitive in it), it can fall no where elfe but in the 

 time where I have laid it." 



The author of the book of Judith is unknown. St. 

 Jerom feems to think that it was written by Judith herfeif ; 

 others imagine, that the high-prieft Joachim or Eliakim, 

 mentioned in this book, was the author : but all this is mere 

 conjecture. Thofe who believe that the hiftory of Jtiditii 

 happened in tha time of Cambyfes, and after the captivity 

 of Babylon, fuppofe that Jofliua, the fon of Jofedck, then 

 high-priei!, wrote it. The author, whoever he was, does 

 not appear to have been contemporary with the tranlac- 

 tions. He favs, that Achior's family was ftill in his lime 

 fubfifting in Ifracl, Judith, xiv. 6. and that the fellival iu- 

 ftituted in memory of Judith's victory was ftill celebrated, 

 Judith, xvi. 31. Dupin on the Canon. Prideaux's Conn. 

 V. I. Calmet. 



JUDOIGNE, in Geography. See Jodoionk. 



JUDOMA, a river of Ruffia, in the government of 

 Irkutflc, which joins the Maia, N. lat. j8 50'. E. long. 



154" 14'- 



JUDOOK, a town of Bengal ; 18 miles N. of Dacca. 



JUDOS A Bay, a bay of Louifiana, which lies in the 

 N.W. corner of the gulf of Mexico ; conneck-d by a chain 

 of iflands towards the S.W. with St. Bernard's bay. 



JUEFRAS, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of 

 B;u-ra. 



IVEL RivEK, in Bedfordftiire, is navigable from Tem<;- 

 ford to the town of Bigglefwade : it docs not appear, 

 that any fteps have yet been taken for extending this 

 navigation up to Sheffoid, agreeably to the aft for that 

 purpofe, which pafled in the 30th year of Geo. II. : the 

 private interefts of the merchants of Bigglefwade feem a 

 more effectual bar to the completion of this objeft, than 

 the want of monev, which has been fo often infifted on. 



IVELCHESTER and Langport Canal, is the par- 

 liamentary name of an inland navigation in Somerietihire, 

 about feven iniles long, from the Parret river, near Lang- 

 port, to the town of Ilchefter, made in purfuance of the 

 aft obtained in the year 1795. See Canal. 



IVENACK, a town of the duchy of Mecklenburg ; 30 

 miles S E. of Roftock. 



IVERAGH. See Kehry. 



IVERSKOT, a town of Rufiia, in the government of 

 Novgorod ; 80 miles S.E. of Novgorod. 



IVES, SuroN, in Bhgraphy, was a lay vicar of St. 

 Paul's cathedral, till driven thence by the republicans ; 

 when he became a finging-roafter, and a teacher of niufic 

 in private families. 



During the reign of Charles I., Ives ftood high as a com- 

 pofer, as we are told in the MS. account of the maique in- 

 titled " The Triumphs of Peace," written by Shirley, a 

 dramatift of the fecond clals, which was acted at WhiiehaU 

 in 1633, and the whole expence of the proceflion defrayed 

 by tile gentlemen of the four inns of court, as a.teftimony 

 of duty and loyalty on his inajcfty's return from Scotland, 

 after terminating the difconteuts of that kingdom. 



A very circumftantial -account of this niaique by the lord 

 commiflioner Wliitelocke, in his own hand-writir.g, has been 

 preferved. It was the property of the late Dr. Morton of 

 the Britifti Mufenm. In this narrative, the comuiifGoner, 

 who wa.s the principal manager of the exhibition, fays : " I 

 made choyce of Mr. Simon Ives, an honeft and able nni- 

 g fitian, 



