JUL 



- " I fee reeds of a new fpecies, the growth of anotlicr and 

 a brazen foil ; fuch as are not agitated by our winds, but 

 by a bkll that ruflies from a leathern cavern beneath their 

 roots ; while a rcliii/l mortal, {ciysfxx'y , a tall flurdy fellow, 

 alliiding to the force nccefiary to beat down that kind of 

 clumfy earillon keys of this rude inllrument of new inven- 

 tion,) running with fwift fingers over the concordant keys, 

 (the rulers of tlie pipes, «v?,iv ; lilera'ly L'ys,\ makes them, 

 as they fmoothly dance, emit melodious founds." 

 • Nothing material is omitted in the verfion of this epigram, 

 or rather enigma, upon tlie organ, though not a very inge- 

 nious one ; for the word av>.i., iXxa pipes, difcovcrs the whole 

 my Iter V. 



JtLiAN CalaiJar, Epocha, and Prriod. Sec the fubltan- 

 tives. 



JuLiAK I.aiv. See Papiak Popa;AX laii'. 



Julian Tear. The Julian is the old account of the year, 

 ufed among us in England till 1752. It is fo called from 

 its founder Julius Cxlar ; and by that name is diftinguilhed 

 from the new, or Gregorian account, ufed in moll parts of 

 Europe. See Year. 



Jui.iAx.s, in Botany. See Dame's Violet. 



JULIEN, Saint, dcs Mer.ejlriers, in Biography. M. Mil- 

 lot, in his Hiilory of the Troubadours, tells us, that Wil- 

 Lam IX count of poitou. in one of his poems, after relating 

 a particular adventure with a common woman in very free 

 terms, and reflecting upon \\\i bonnes fortunes, or favour with 

 the ladies, thanks Ciod and St. Jnlien for his fuccefs. " It 

 was then," fays M. Millot, '■' cullomary, fuch was the fu- 

 perftition of the times, for libertines to invoke heaven for 

 fiiccefs in their niolt profligate undertaking"; and St. Ju- 

 lien was the particular faint and protedor to whom they ad- 

 dreffed themfelves upon fuch occaflons :" as, in higher an- 

 tiquity. Mercury was the patron divinity of thieves. 



This faint, in order to expiate an involuntary crime, is faiJ 

 to have made a vow tliat he would receive into his houfe all 

 paiiengcrs v^ho (hould be in want of a habitation, by which 

 he obtained the title of the '• Hofpitable Saint," and was 

 afterwards addrefi'ed as the patron of travellers, to whom 

 prayers were made for a good lodging. " L'Oraifon He St. 

 Julien, et I'Hotelde St. Julien," were afterwards ufed by 

 tile French in pleafantry, much in the fame fenfe as with us, 

 dining iL-lth duke Humphrey. But in the tales written in old 

 French fo early as the twelfth century, theallufion was more 

 licentious. Boccace (Giorn. II nov. 2 ) fpeaks x)f the 

 '.' Paternoflro di San Giulirno," and makes Rinaldo, after 

 afuccefsful adventure with a female, return thnnks to God 

 and St. Julien : " Per la qual cofa Rinaldo Iddio, et San 

 Ginliano ringraziando, monto a Cavallo." La Fontaine, who 

 has tranllated this tale, calls it " L'Oraifon de St. Ju- 

 lien." 



JuLlEy, St., in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Jura, and chief place of a canton, in the 

 diilricl of Lons-Ie-Saulneir ; 18 miles S. of Lons-le-Saulneir. 

 The place contains 8q<), and the canton 7098 inhabitants, on 

 a territory of 120 kiliometres, in 29 communes. — Alfo, a 

 town of France, in the department of the Cute d'Or ; nine 

 miles N.N.E. of Dijon. — Alfo, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Lenian, and chief place of a canton, in the 

 dillriil of Geneva ; five miles S.W. of Geneva. The place 

 contains 750, and the canton 11,071 inhabitants, on a terri- 

 tory of ifi/i kiliomctrcs, in 14 communes.— ALfoj a town 



JUL 



ef France, in the department of the Rhdiie and Loire; lo 

 miles K S.E. of St. Etiennc. 



Jilikn'.s, St., Bay, alargc bay, containing a port, on the 

 coall of Patagonia. S. lat. 49 8'. W. long. 67 4^' 30'. 



JlLiKN en Champftur, St , a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of tlie Higher Alps; fix miles N. of Gap. 



JULIES- de ChdpleuU, St, a town of France, in the depart- 

 ment of the Upper Loire, and chief place of a canton, in 

 the diilria of Le Puy ; feven miles E. of Le Puy. The 

 place contains 215 1, and the canton 7448 inhabitants, on a 

 territory of 152: kiliomctrcs, in 7 communes. 



Jllikn / yfrs, St., a town of France, in tlie department of 

 the Vienne, and cliief place of a canton, in the diflrid of 

 Poifiicrs ; fix mites E. of Poicliers. Tlie place contain* 

 281, and the canton 4997 inhabitants, on a territory of 207^ 

 kiliometres, in i 3 communes. 



Jllies- de Montagnier, St , a town of Fiance, in the de- 

 partment of the Var ; nine miles N W. of Barjols. 



Julien- de Vouvatites, St., a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Lower Loire, and chief place of a canton, 

 in the dillridt of Chateaubriant ; feven miles S S.E. of Cha- 

 teaubriant. Tlie place contains 1401, and the canton 5676 

 inhabitants, on a territory of 2125 kiliometres, in 5 com- 

 munes. 



Jllien du Sault, St., a town of France, in the depart- 

 ment of the Yonne ; fix miles N.W. of Joigny. 



JULIERS, Duchy of, lately a country of Gernir.ny, but 

 now annexed to France, and forming a part of the d>'part- 

 ment of the Rocr. This duchy was formel^y bounded 011. 

 the N. by the duchy of Gneldres, on the E. by the electorate 

 of Cologne and the Rhine, on the S. by the territories or 

 Blankenheim and Schleiden, and on the W. by the bilhopric 

 of Liege, the duchy of Gneldres, and the Meufe. The- 

 foil is fertile, producing corn in -abundance, and yielding 

 good meadow and pathue lard ; it furnilhes a good breed of 

 cattle and of liorfes. Wood is pleirtiful, and hnen is manu- 

 factured. Near Efchweiler iloiie-coal is foand. In this, 

 duchy are 26 towns, and about 1 1 free boroughs. See 



ROER. 



JuLiKR.s a town of France, in the department of the 

 Rocr, and chief place of a canton, in thediilrift of Cologne, 

 fituated on the Ruhr. It is faid to have received its name 

 from the Roraaiis. The town is fmall but ilrong, and hasi 

 a regular citadel. It has a church and aconvcnt, and with- 

 out the walls are a Calvinili and a Lutheran church. The 

 place contains 2126, and the canton 12,639 inhabitants, in 

 28 conunuues. This town fiiriendereJ at difcrctioii to the 

 French troops in Odlober 1794, altera fcvere battle between 

 the Aullriaiis and FreiKh. N. lat. 50 54'. E. long. 

 6- iS'. 



JULIFUND.X, a town of Africa, in the country of 

 Dentila ; 10 miles W. of Baniferile. 



JULIO, a mountain of the Grifons, N. of the Upper 

 Enijadwic ; eight miles S.W. of Zulz. 



lULlS, ill Ichthyology, the name of a fmall Gfli, a fpecies 

 of the labrus, caught, principally about Genoa, and lold in 

 the markets, being a vei-y delicately tailed fifh. Its ufuat 

 fize is about the lengthy and a little more tlian the breadth of 

 a finger. The males of this fpecies are very beautifully 

 painted, '/iicir backs are green, and their heads have varie- 

 gations of yellow and red. Its fides have very broad ferrated: 

 hues of a fine gold yellow, and its back fin has feveral large 

 fpots of blue and red. They are fond of human blood, and: 

 will feize upon the legs of people who walk naksd in-.o the 

 water. See Labul's Iidis. 



JULIUS 1. in Biography, pope, was a Roman by birth,, 



