J U N 



large and magnificent valley, at the foot of the mountain 

 on which its o'd caiUe ftands. Tlie ftreets are llraight, 

 long, and large, but unsaved ; the hoiifes are clean, though 

 not fplendid. It has an hofpital imder the title of the Holy 

 Ghoft, a convent of Francifcan monks, and two parifli 

 churches. 



JUMILLAC, LE Grand, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Dordogne, and chief place of a canton, 

 in the dillrift of Nontron ; 9 miles N. of Exideuil. The 

 place contains 2424, and the canton 8oj6 inhabitants, on 

 a territory of 2 1 5 iiiliometres, in 7 communes. 



.lUMMANEAH, a town of Hindoollan, in Candeifli ; 

 10 miles N.E. of Pcploud. 



JUMMEEDY, a town of Bengal ; 24 miles S. of Ghi- 

 dorc. 



JUMMOO, Jumbo, or Jumhhu, a town of Hindoollan, 

 and capital of a diilridl in Lahore, to which it gives name. 

 It is dillant 41 coffes from BifTooly, and jo abou. N. by E. 

 from Lahore. It is lituated on the iide of a hill, near the 

 river Rauvee, and divided into Upper and Lower Towns. 

 This place is a mart of conliderable confequence. Various 

 circumftances concurred to divert the trade of Cachemire 

 or Cafhmere to Junimoo, and thus to render it a place 

 of extenfive commercial i-efort, where perfons of all de- 

 fcriptions, under the proteftion and encouragement of its 

 chief, experienced in their perfons and property full fecurity. 

 The commodities, conftituting the trade of Jummooand Cafh- 

 mere, are tranfported by men, ufually Cachemirians, whofe 

 burdens are heavy, two of them making the load of a mule, 

 and the hire is fixed at the rate of four rupees for each car- 

 rier. The fliawls, when exported from Cachemire, are packed 

 in an oblong bale, containing a certain weight or quantity, 

 ■which, in the language of the country, is termed a " bidding," 

 enclofed in an ox"s or buffalo's hide, and carried by the 

 Cachemirian as a Scotchman carries his pack. 



In 1770, the period of Runzeid Deve's death, Jummoo fuf- 

 tained a grievous lofs; for oneof hisfonsfeized the government, 

 put to death one of his brothers, who was intended by the fa- 

 ther for his fuccelTor, and imprifoned another. The Seiks em- 

 braced this opportunity of invading Jumbo, from which they 

 had before exafted a moderate tnl^iite. The moft valuable 

 divilion of tlie Jumboo dillrifts lay in the plain country, and 

 formed a part of the Panjab. Thefe were bid wafte by the 

 Seiks, under a pretence of giving affiftance to the fugitive 

 chief, who recurred to them for proteftion. N. lat. ly. 

 E. long. 74^ 5'. f 



JUMMUCANDY, a town of Bengal, 20 miles S.W. of 

 Moorfhedabad. N. lat. 23 56'. E. long. 88" 13'. 



JUMNAH, a river of Hindoollan, which rifes in Thi- 

 bet, and pafTmg by Delhi, runs into the Ganges at Allaha- 

 bad. 



JUMNEE, a town of Bengal ; 20 miles W. of Noony. 



JUMOTTO, a town of Japan, in the ifland of Ximo' ; 

 12 miles S.E. of Nangafaki. 



JUMP, in Mining, is one among the very numerous ap- 

 pellations, which the diflocations of the ftrata have received 

 from the practical miners of different dillrifts. See our 

 article Fault. 



JUMPER is the name for a long iron tool, with a fteeled 

 chiffel-like point, which they ufe in quarries and mines, for 

 drilling, or buring (hot-holes in rocks, which require to be 

 blafted with gunpowder. Drill, noger, and gad, are other 

 terms for this tool. 



JUMUNDERAD, in Geography, a town of Sweden, 

 in the province of Angermanland ; 24 miles N. of Herno- 

 fand. 



JUNAGUR, or Chunagur, a city and fortrefs of Hin- 



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dooftan, in Gu/.erat ; 170 miles S.W. of Amedabad. N. 

 lat. 24' 50'. E. long. 6g' 54'. 



JUNASKA, one of the Fox iflands, in the Pacific ocean. 

 N. lat. 53 26. E. long. 1S9 14'. 



JUNAT, a town of Bengal; 13 miles N.E. of Rogo- 

 natponr. 



JUNCAGO, in Botany, Tourn. Inft. t. 142, fo called 

 from its refemblance to zjuncus, or ri;(h. See Tulglochin, 

 Arrow-headed grafs. 



JUNCAL, in Geography, a fea-port of South America, 

 in the country of Chili, fituated on the coaft of the Pacific 

 ocean ; 50 miles N. of Copiapo. 



JUNCALAS, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Upper Pyrenees, and chief place of a canton, in the dif- 

 trift of Argeles ; 12 miles S. of Tarbes. The place con- 

 tains 400, and the canton 4572 inhabitants, on a territory of 

 I02i kilionietres, in 18 communes. 



JUNCAW, a town of Hindoollan, in the circar of Mo- 

 hurfuns;e ; 25 miles N. of Harriorpour. 



JUNCE^, in Botany, Brown 'Prodr. Nov. Holl. v. i. 

 257, See below. 



JUNCI, the 13th natural order of plants in Juffieu's fyf- 

 tem, or the third of his third clafs. It is named from one of. 

 its principal, or leading genera, Juncus, the Rulh, properly fo 

 called. 



Jufiieu's third clafs comprehends monocotyledonous plants 

 whofe ftamens are inferted into the calyx or corolla. His de- 

 finition of the prefent order is as follows. 



Calyx [\v\nc\\, in fome of the genera, we fhould, with 

 Linnaeus, term corolla) inferior, in fix deep fegments, (ra- 

 ther of fix leaves,) either equal or unequal, the three alternate 

 ones, in the latter cafe, being larger, and petal-hke, or it is 

 glumaceous, and akin to the hulks of grafles. Stamens defi- 

 nite (except in Sagitlariaziii perhapsyf////?,'^),mofl;Iy fix, rare- 

 ly three or nine, inferted into the lower part of the calyx. 

 Germcn fuperior, in fome fimple, with a fingle ilyle ; the 

 fligma fimple or divided ; capfule of three cells and three 

 valves ; with many feeds, inferted into the partitions origi- 

 nating from the centre of each valve. In others the germens, 

 ftill fuperior, are three or fix, rarely indefinite, fometimes 

 united at their bafe ; ttyles and fligmas equal to them in 

 number, as well as the capfules, which are fingle-celled, 

 either dillinft or united, either fingle-feeded and often not 

 burlting, or many-feeded, feparating into two valves at their 

 inner edge, the margins of the valves, (or the partitions) bear- 

 ing the feeds. Corculum (perhaps of all) in the fear of a 

 horny albumen. Plants herbaceous. The radical leaves, as 

 well as thofe on the lower part of the ftem, alternate and 

 (heathing ; the upper and floral leaves often affuming the form 

 of a fpatha, and fefii'e. I'lowers furnifhed with fpathas. 



The feftions are four. 



1. Germen folitary. Capfule of three cells. Calyx gluma- 

 ceous. — This comprifes five genera, all Linnsean, Eriocaul.n, 

 Rejlio, Xyris, jlphyllanthes, and /ancuj, the lalt only properly 

 anfwering to the cliarader. 



2. Germen folitary. Capfule of three cells. Calyx halt 

 petal-like. — Here are fix genera, Mnafium of Schrcber 

 (which is Rapatea o{ A\ih\eX.), Syena oi Schreber (Aublef's 

 Mayaca), Pollia of Thunberg, Callifia, Ccmmelina, and Tra- 

 defcnntia of Linnaeus. 



3. Germens feveral. Capfules as many, fingle-celiccl. 

 Flower-ftalks radical, unibcllate or whorled, the umbels ar.il 

 whorls encompalfed with a three-leaved involucrum. Plants 

 aquatic. — The genera are Biitomus, Dama/onium, yi/i/mu, 

 and Sagiltaria. 



4. Germens feveral (moftly three). Capfules as many, 

 finglc-celled, fometimes united at their bafe. Flowers pani- 



ckd 



