J U N 



The extenfive and very natural genu? of Juncus is Com- 

 ir.odioufly enough divided into two feftions ; the firft con- 

 taining fuch as have le:\flefs ftems, the fecond ihofe with 

 leafy ones. Of the former Willdcnow reckons fifteen 

 fpecies, of the latter twenty-fis'e. This author has judi- 

 cioudy enriched liis Hock by adopting thofe indubitable, 

 chiefly alpine, fpecies, which Scheuchzer, Haller, Allioni 

 and otlicr alpine botanills had well defined, but which Lin- 

 nrr^'.is had, rather incautioully, huddled together under his 

 f;l.fus ^nA campejlns. His Syll. Veg. ed. 14, contains only 

 twenty-two in all. I^amarck has thirty-two. The pallefccns 

 of the latter, omitted by Willdenow, is very dillinft, 

 though near articulalus, found at Buenos Ayres. Its 

 flowers are much fewer together than in nndofus, to which 

 Lamarck fufpefted it might belong. Mr. Brown has added 

 nine Ncvv Holland fpecies, previoufly nondefcript, to the 

 catalogue, and we believe America affords feveral more. 



Kight Britidi fpecies are found in the firft fecfion, fifteen 

 in the fecond. Of the former may ferve as examples, 



J. acutiis, Engl. Bot. t. 1614, a large and rigid fpinoiis- 

 pointed plant, found on fome of our fandy fea-coalls, bat 

 rarely. 



J. maril'imus, t. 172J, much more common, and found 

 not only in clean fand. but in muddy falt-marfhes alfo, con- 

 founded wiih ihe former by Linnx-us, from which it differs 

 in its more ilender form, glaucous colour, and oblong cap- 

 fules. 



J. conalomeratits, t. R^y, which is triandrous, and ejfufus, 

 t. 836, are both extremely common in moill places, 



fquarrofus, t. 93 j, on the nioll dry and ba 



fandy 



The fecond (eftion, with leafy flenis, is much more va- 

 rious and remarkable. In the beginning of it we find a 

 tribe whofe leaves are internally cclhilar, v.ith tranfverfe 

 partitions, fo as to feel, and even to look, jointed. Thefe 

 are fcarcely yet well underftood, efpecially the American 

 cnes, to which the Linnaean nndnfus belongs. Thofe of 

 Britifh growth have lately been well elucidated by the Rev. 

 H. Davies in Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. 10. See Engl. Bot. 

 t. 238, now called acuttf.nrns. t. 2143, himpocarpus, and 

 t. 2144, obtiifijlorus, all confounded by Linna;us under his 



articulalus A more (lender tribe fncceed. J. bidbofus, 



t. 934, very improperly fo called, from a bulbous-rooted 

 fpecies, J. ullglnofus, t, 801, vvh«fe fynonym was once re- 

 ferred to it. J. bujotuus, t. 802', with a very compound 

 flender ftem, is common in watery places, and rather extra- 

 ordinary in its genus for having only an annual root. .1. gra- 

 cilis, t. 2174, a new ScottiHi fpecies, refembles it in general 

 afpeft, but is not fo much branched, nor fo leafy. 



J. biglumis, t. SqS, triglumis, t. 899, and cajlaneus, t. 900, 

 are three rare and curious mountain kinds, the firl'i in par- 

 ticular, a Lapland plant, extremely uncommon in Britain, 

 and fcarcely well known by fome of our heft botanifts. It 

 may however always be dilUnguilhed from two-flowered 

 fpecimens oi triglumis, by the flowers being pla«.ed one above 

 another, not in the fame plane. 



The genus finilhes with another very diftinft tribe, whofe 

 copious broad leaves, and more or lefs panieled numerous 

 flowers, with a fhining brown, yellow, or brilliant white 

 calyx, give their leading charafters. Of thefe are the com- 

 mon J. pilofus, Engl. Bot. t. 736; the more rare J. Forjleri, 

 t. 1293 ; the gresi.'. fyhaticus, t. 737 (Willdenow's masimus) ; 

 the beautiful luteus of Allioni, Villars Dauph. t. 6, common 

 on the alps of Switzerland, Savoy, &c. ; the elegant iii-ucus 

 found on the mountains of Italy, Switzerland, and fome 

 pjrts of Germany ; and our common campijlris, Engl. Bot. 



J U N 



JUNDGEH, in Geography, a town of Afiatic Ta.k-; „ 

 in the province of Natolia ; 16 miles W. of Kiutaja. 



JUNDOO, a town of Bengal ; J miles S. of Ghidore. 



JUNE, the fixth month of the year, during which the 

 fun enters the fign of Cancer. The word conies from the 

 Latin Junius, which fome derive a Junoiic. Ovid, in the 

 fixth of his Falli, makes the goddci's fay, 



" Junius a nollro nomine uomen habet." 



Others rather derive it a juniorilut, this being for young 

 people, as the month of May was for old ones. 



" Junius eft juvenum, qui fuit ante fenum." 



In this month is the fummer folfticc. 



JUNERE, or Jencagiiue, in Gvography, a town of 

 Hindooftan, in the country of Baglana ; 122 miles W.S.W. 

 of Anrnngabad. N. lat. 19° 11'. E. long. 73 ' 59'. 



JUNES, El, a town of Morocco; 15 miles N.E. of 

 Azamor. 



JUNGDRAWBERG, a town of Pruflia, in the pala-- 

 tinate of Culm ; 20 miles S. of Dantzic. 



JUNGERCAD, a town of Hindooitan ; 35 miles \V. 

 of Benares. * 



JUNGERMANNIA, in Bolany, a cryptogamic genus 

 of plants, very niunerous in ipeeies, as well as ditlinft iu 

 charafter, named by Ruppius and Micheli, who have been 

 followed by all botanifts fince, in honour of Lewis Juiiger- 

 mann, Profeflor of Botany at Altdorf, and afterwards at 

 Gieffen, in the early part of the feventeenth century. Ke 

 wrote catalogues of the wild plants found near thofe towns, 

 as well as near Leipfic, his native place, and Frankfort on 

 the Maine. Haller fays he left a fine hurtus ficctis of two 

 thoufaiid plants, which is ftill preferred at Altdorf. Of 

 him it may juftly be faid, that the genus in queftion has 

 preferved his name, rather than his merits, from oblivion ; 

 for thofe to whom it is familiar, commonly rather wonder 

 than take anv pains to inquire, who Jungermann was. 

 Linn. Gen. 564. Schreb. 764. Mart. Mill. Did. v. 2. 

 Mich. Gen. 6. t. J. Hedw. Theor. 83. t. 22, 23. Schmi- 

 del. Monogr. ann. 1760. cum tab. Jiiif. S. Lamarck 

 Dia. v. 3. 27S. Illuftr. t. 875. (Lichenaftrum; Dill. 

 Mufc. 479. t. 69 — 74 ) Clafs and order, Cryplogamia A!- 

 gie, Linn. (7. Hepatic^, Schrcb. Nat. O^i^.' Algx, Linn. 

 Hepatic^, JufT. 



Gen. Ch. Male, Cal. and Cor. none. Stam. Anthers 

 aggregate, of an indeterminate number, in pov.'dery heads, 

 wliich are either llalkcd, feffile, or immerfed in the fubftance 

 of the frond. 



Female on the fame (rarely on a feparate) plant. Cal. 

 Perianth ereft, tubular, truncate, variouily crenate or 

 jagged. Cor. Veil membranous, feflile, fmaller than the 

 perianth, fomewhat globofe, clofed on all fides, crowned 

 with the ftyle, at length burfting at the top. Pijl. Germeu 

 oblong, feflile, enclofcd in th.e veil ; ftyle folitary, cylin- 

 drical, terminating the veil; ftigma abrupt, tubular. Peri:. 

 Capfiile elevated on a long, flefliy, very tender, pale, finiple, 

 cylindrical rtalk, globofe, of one cell, at length burfting in- 

 to four equal, permanent valves, fpreading in the form of a 

 crofs. Seeds very numerous, globular, adhering by fpiral 

 elaftic fibres to the bafe, fummit, dilk or margin of the 

 valves. 



Obf. Several germcns are often found in one perianth, 

 though only one of them comes to perfection, the others 

 withering at the bafe or fides of its veil. 



Eff. Ch. Male, Anthers aggregate, in powdery heads. 

 Female, Capfule of four valves, on a ftalk rifing from a tu- 

 bular calyx. Seeds attached to elaftic filaments. 



8 Nothing 



