J U N 



Germany, though this inftitution did not (hare a better fate 

 than the one which had ju(t before been found in this coun- 

 try (and which appears to have ferved for its model) by 

 Hugh Latimer, Thomas Lmacre, and others, for the pur- 

 pofe of difcufrmg- and ilhillrating Arillotle's philofoptiy. 

 They both flouriftied but for a fiiort period, though the 

 Heunetic or Ereunetic fociety, as it was called, eftablifhed 

 by profettbr Jungius, was on a far more comprelienfive 

 plan than the other, and may indeed be confidered as having, 

 in feme meafure, embraced the fame views witli which the 

 Royal Society was afterwards inftitutcd in Great Britain. 

 The fame of Jungius was originally diffufed through this 

 country by his noble pupil, the honourable Cluules Cavcn- 

 difh, who appears to have iludied under him at Hamburgh. 

 This gentleman was brother to the earl of Newcaftlc, v/ho 

 had the care of Charles I. when a youtli. 



After a long life, fpent in the acquirement and diffufion 

 of general philoi'ophical knowledge, and having always 

 iv.anifefted a ftrong attachment to the Lutheran church, 

 profeflbr Jungius departed this life on the 23d of September 

 1657, at the age of 70 years, and was buried in the church 

 of St. John at Hamburgh, where a handfome tablet was in- 

 fcribed to his memory by his friend and pupil, Michael 

 Kirften. The following is a lift of his works, as given by 

 Martin Fogel, who edited the fecond edition of his " Dosu- 

 fcopi*." 



I..ogica Hamburgenfis. Hamb. 1638, in 8vo. 

 Geometria Empirica. Roftock. femel et Hamb. bis, in 

 4to. 



Doxofcopias Phyfici Minores, fine Ifagoge Phyfica 

 Doxofcouica. Kamb. 1662, in 410. 



Kurzer Bericht von der Didaftica oder Lehrkunft Wolf- 

 gangi Ratichii, durch Chriftoph. Helvicum und Joach. 

 Jungium. Gieflen, 1614, in 4to, 



Difputationes de naturali Dei cognitione : de potentia 

 aAiva : de lojo Ariftotelis, lib. 3. de coelo, t. 66 : de figuris 

 locum replentibiis : de relationibus : dp notionibus fecundis : 

 de demonftratione tritermina : de definitionibus, &c. 



Haller's Bibl. Bot. Witten. Memorix Philofophorum, 

 Franckfort, 1679. 



JUNGKEN, Joiiv Helfric, a phyfician, was bom at 

 Kalern, in Heffe, in December 1648, and was diftinguifhed by 

 his abilities during his early ftudies. He purfued his medical 

 education at Marpurg and at Heidelburg, and took the de- 

 gree of doctor at the latter univerfity in 167 1. After this 

 period, he fpent many year.s in travelling in purfuit of know- 

 ledge, and finally fettled at Frankfort on the Maine in 1689, 

 and was appointed phyfician to the public hofpital there in 

 1693. He obtained a high reputation and a moll e.Ktenfive 

 practice, in the courfc of which, however, he publiftied feveral 

 works. He died, greatly regretted, on the 5th of January, 

 1726. His writings are now feldom referred to, and it will 

 be unnecelTary here to detail the long titles of them. They 

 treated of every branch of the profefiion, but chiefly on che- 

 iniftry and pharmacy ; and his pathology was founded on 

 the mathematical doctrines, efpecially thofe of Defcartcs. 

 Elov. Dicl. Hift. 



JUNGLEBARRY, in Geography, a town of Bengal ; 

 50 miles N. of Dacca. 



JUNGNAU, a town of Germany, and capital of a lord- 

 fhip belonging to the princes of Furftenberg ; 14 miles W. 

 of Buchau. 



JUNGS Hound, or Head, a cape of Denmark, on the 

 E. coaftof the ifland of Zealand, N. lat. 53" 7'. E. long. 

 12^ 11'. 



JUNIATTA, a town of America, in Pennfylvania, 5 

 miles W.N.W. of Huntingdon.— Alfo, a river of Pennfyl- 

 3 ■ 



J U N 



vania, which rifes from two fprings in the Alleghany monn- 

 tains, and runs into the Siifquehannah, 15 miles N.W. of 

 Harrifburg. 



JUNIEU, St., a town of France, in the department of 

 tlic Ujjpcr Vicnnc, and chief pLice of a canton, in the diftrift 

 of Rochechouart ; 15 miles W. of Limoges. The place con- 

 tains 6046, and the canton 12,519 inhabitants, on a ter- 

 ritory of 170 kiliometres, in feven communes. N. lat. 45^53'. 

 E. long. 9 5'. 



JLT^NIOW, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Brac- 

 law ; 52 miles N. of Braclaw. 



JUNIPA, in Botany, the n.?me of a tree of the Caribbee 

 illands, and fome other plac-s, the fruit of which is faid to 

 yield a juice as clear as water, yet yields a fine violet- 

 coloured dye, and being rubbed twice on the fame place, 

 makes it black. This tinfture, it is Taid, cannot be got out 

 by foap, or any other method of cle.niling, but after nine or 

 ten days difappears of itfelf. I( is faid alfo, by the fame 

 authors, that hogs and parro'.s, feeding on this fruit, have 

 their fltrti and their fat all tinged throughout of a violet 

 colour. 



JUNIPERUS, an ancient Latin name, of whofc mean- 

 ing or derivation no account is given. - Juniper. Linn. 

 Gen. 531. Schreb. 705. Sm Fl. Brit. 1085. Mart. 

 Mill. Did. v. 2. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 3. 413 Tournef. 

 t, 361. JulT. 413. Lamarck. lUuftr t. 829. Ga:rtn. 

 t. 9i.-Clafs and order, Diacia Monadelphia. N.tt. Ord. 

 Conifers Linn, and JulT. 



Gen. Cli. M.ile, Cal. Catkin conical, confiding of a com- 

 mon receptacle, bearing three rows of three flowers each, 

 with a terminal one ; the bafe of each flower is a broad, fliort, 

 incumbent fcale fi.\ed by a (lalk to the common receptacle. 

 C^r. none. 5/(7m. Fiiaments (in the terminal flower) th.-ee, 

 awl-fhaped, united below into one body (in thelateral flowers 

 fcarcely perceptible); anthers three, dillindl in the terminal 

 flower, but in the lateral ones attached to the bafe of each 

 fcale. Female, Cal. the fcales of a catkin, fewer, imbri- 

 cated, the upper ones at length flefliy and permanent. Cor. 

 none. Pijl. Germens tliree, imbedded in the uppermoft 

 fcales; ftylcs three, fimple ; ftigmas fimple. Petic. Berry 

 fleihy, roundifh, marked in the lower part v.-ith three, oppo- 

 lite, obfolete tubercles, the points of the coaii.lced fcak-s, and 

 at the top umbilicated with three teeth. Seeds. Nuts three, 

 oblong, convex on one fide, angular on the other; abound- 

 ing with cells of turpenthie on the outfide. 



Efi". Ch. Male, Calyx-fcales of a catkin. Corolla none. 

 Stamens three. — Female, Caly.x-fcales of a catkin, fewer, at 

 length pulpy, united into a berry with three feeds. 



I. J. communis. Common Juniper. Linn. Ep. PI. 1470; 



Engl. Bot. t. 1 100. Woodv. Med. Bot. 1.95 Leaves 



three together, fpreading, tipped with a fpinc, and longer 

 than the ripe fruit. — A native of open, hilly places on a cal- 

 careous foil, flowering in May, though by no means a com- 

 mon plant in Britain. — T\\h Jljvub is generally of humble 

 growth, much branched, rigid, Imooth, evergreen. Juice o£ 

 the whole plant a kind of turpentine. IVoad hard and 

 durable. Leaves oppofitc, acerofc, channelled, /harp- 

 pointed, glaucous above. Cntkiiis dioecious, axillary 

 Berry globofe, dark-purple, covered with a glaucous dew, 

 fweetifh and aromatic — The alpine variety /S is more humble 

 in its growth, and more depreffed, having broader leaves and 

 rather oblong berries — The bark of juniper is frequently 

 converted mto ropes, and it is well known that fpirits, whert 

 impregnated with the eifential oil of its berries, become 

 Juniper water, or Gin. — Linnajus obfcrves, in jjis Flora 

 Lapponica, n. 376, that the Laplanders drink infufions of 

 the Juniper-berrieSj as w« do tea and coffee, and that the 



fewedet 



