JUNIPERUS. 



Swedes prepare a beverage from tliem in great eftimation 

 for its diuretic and antifcorbutic qualities — There is reafon 

 to prefume that the Swedifli variety of this fhrub, which is 

 much taller and more arborefceiit than our's, may be a dif- 

 tinft fpecies. 



Linnxus enumerates nine fpecies of this genus, and pro- 

 felTor Martyn eleven, the moli remarkable of which are the 

 following. — /. Oxyccdnis, the brown-berried Juniper, a na- 

 tive of Spain, the fouth of France, and the Levant. — The 

 wood of this fpecies is fuppofed to have been the famous 

 cedar of the ancients, celebrated for its durability, of which 

 fome of their firft ftatues were made, before the ufe of marble 

 in this branch of art was known. — J. •virgininna, a native of 

 North America, the Well India illands, and Japan. — The 

 wood of this tree is celebrated for its very po -erf ul fra- 

 grance, and for refilling the attacks of infcfts, being the 

 well-known red cedar, ufcd for lead pencils, and formerly 

 in great requell for wainfcotting, and cabinet-work. Large 

 trees of it are not uncommon in the older gardens and 

 fhrubberies of this country. — J. berniuAiana is alfo a hardy 

 tree witli us. It is fufpedled that more fpecies than one 

 liave been -confounded under this or the laft. — J. Jaltna, the 

 common Savin, a native of the fouth of Europe, is fuffi- 

 cisntly well known, and is a popular medicine in fome female 

 complaints, being alfo fuppoled to be pov/erfnlly capable of 

 procuring abortion. It is commonly of liumble growth, 

 hut fometimes forms a handfome dark evergreen bulh three 

 or four feet high. In Greece it is faid to become a tree 

 like a c-yprefs, with a trunk a foot in diameter. Botanifts 

 are by no means correflly verfed in the fpecies of this 

 genus, or the varieties to which they are fubjed. — J. Lycla, 

 is with difficulty dillinguifhed from the lall ; its (lioots are 

 however fomewhat thicker, and its leaflets more acute and 

 lefs cluRered. It is a native of the fou'h -of France and tlie 

 Levant. — The gum-refm Olihanum, of a ilrong fmell, and bit- 

 terifli pungent tafte, iscxtratied from the Lycian cedar, and 

 is fuppofed to have been ufcd by the ancients in their facri- 

 lices, being ilill employed in Catholic countries in their re- 

 ligious ceremonies, as incenfe. 



JUNlPEiltjS, in Gardening, comprehends plants of the ever- 

 ■f;reen tree and (lirub kinds, of which the fpecies generally 

 cultivated are, the common juniper (J. communis) ; the 

 brown-berried juniper (J. oxycedrus) ; the Spanilh juni- 

 per (J. thufifera) ; the Barbadoes juniper (J. barbadenfis) ; 

 the Bermudas juniper (J. bermudiana) ; the favin (J. fa- 

 bina) ; the Vir^rilliau juniper, or red cedar (J. virginiana) ; 

 tbe Phoenician juniper, or cedar (J. phoenicea) ; and the 

 Lycian juniper, or cedar (J. lycia). 



The iixth fpecies has a variety with variegated leaves. 



And the feventh fpt-cits affords the Swediih or tree juni- 

 per, which rifcs to a very confiderable height. Alfo the 

 alpine or mountain juniper, which lias the leaves broader 

 a:id thicker, and the berries of a rather oval fliape. 



Method of Culiure — -t,11 the.'e plants, except the fifth 

 fort, uiay be increafed either by feeds, layers, or cuttings ; 

 the latter methods are proper for the favin kinds. 



The feeds or berries {hould be fowu in beds of light earth, 

 in the early autumn or fpiing, but tlie former is the better 

 in light foils, in a warm nitllered fituatiou, in the open 

 ground, being well raked in. The bedj fhonld be kept per- 

 t'eclly clear from weeds, and tlie young plants be occafionally 

 watered during the fummer feafon. When the plants have 

 hid two years growth in tliefe bcjs, and are become Ihong, 

 they fliould be removed into nurfery rows at two feet apart, 

 and a foot or eighteen inches diftaut in the rows. 'I'hcy 

 fiiould remain in thefe fituations till of proper growth to be 

 planted out where they are to remain. 



The layers of the young branches fhould be laid down 3t 

 either of the aliove feaions, and, when well rooted, taken w3, 

 and planted in tlie nurferv, in tlie fame manner as the feedlii.g 

 plants. 



The cuttings fliould be made from the young branches, 

 and be planted in a fhady border, in the latter end of fum- 

 mer, watering them occafionally till they have taken good 

 root ; when they may be taken up with earth about their 

 roots, and be managed in the fame manner as by the other 

 metliods. 



The plants raifed in thefe laft ways f^ldom grow io up- 

 right, or to fo large a fize, as in the feed inethcd. 



Tlie common upright and ftriped favins may hkewile be 

 increafed by planting flips of the young br.mches ; for the 

 laft fort the moil variegated being made ufe of, in the latter 

 end of fummer, or in the autumn, in a fhadcd border, due 

 water being .given. When the plants are come up, they mull 

 be managed as the other forts. 



The fifth fort mull be fown in potf or tubs, at the fame 

 feafons as the other forts, btiiig placed in a fraae to have 

 the prote^Mon of glaffes when the weather ii frclly 

 and fevere. As the feeds are long m comir^g up, the 

 mould in the pots, &c. mud remain undilhnhed till 

 they appear, being fliaded from the fun, and ilightly 

 watered occafionally. The young plants ihould be kept 

 qi.ite free from weeds, and be duly watered till they 

 have attained fufficieat growth to be removed into 

 feparate fmall pots, filled with light earth, wbich is 

 generally when from one to two years old. In removing 

 them, they (hould have ball.-- of earth preferveJ alnjut their" 

 roots, and be watered, and placed in a warm iituation. 

 The bell feafon for this is in the early fpring ; but it is of 

 great advantage to plunge tlie pots in a mild hot-bed. 

 They muft be protcdled in the winter, either in frames, or 

 under a warm fence ; the pots being plunged in the earth. 

 When they have been removed into different larger pots, till 

 of fufficient large growth, they may be planted cut where 

 they are to grow, which fliould be in a war.Ti fituation. It 

 is proper to'ftelter them the firfl: two winters during fevere 

 frolls, by mats, or other fiirilar coverings. 



The proper periods for removing all the different forts 

 into the open ground are in the early autumn or fpring - 

 months. 



Thefe plant* all fucceed in the open ground, and grow in 

 any'common foil and fituation, with other hardy plants of 

 the tree kind ; though they are the ir.cll profperous in a 

 light fandy foil, where the afpe£l is fheltered. 



In placing thefe kinds of plants in the clumps and'fhrub- 

 bery plantations, attention flwidd be had to arrange them 

 according to their degrees of growth, fo as to exiiibit a re- 

 gular gradation of lieii;ht ; placing the low growing forts, as 

 the common juniper and favin kinds, towards the fronts, 

 and the other larger growing forts more backwards, in af- 

 femblage with other ornamental flirubs and trees of the ever- 

 green tribe ; and fome may be placed as fingle llandardf, on 

 open fpaces of fliort grafs, in the pleafure ground quarters. 

 Some of the large growing forts nuiy alfo be introduced into 

 the foj-ell-tree plantations, as they have a fine effctl, and 

 afford excellent timber for many ufes, more particularly the 

 Virginia cedar, which arrives at a confidcxable fize, efpecially 

 when the under branches are trimmed off occafionally whi.e 

 young. 



Jt NiPKRlii, in the Materia Meilica. The tops and fruit 

 or berries of the Ihrub juniperns, \\hich is common on heaths 

 in different parts of Europe, are much ufcd in medicine ; 

 but the latter are preferred. 



Thefe berries, which are firiT green, and when ripe of a 



• . ■ d.ifk 



