J U N 



twice a day. He fays it is well fuited to the debile, but 

 improper in plethoric habits ; and he therefore orders re- 

 peated bleedings before its exhibition. Externally favin is 

 recommended as an efcharotic to foul ulcers, K-philJlic 

 varts, &e. Woodv. Med. But. 



JUNISEN, in Gcr.^raphy, a town of Sweden, in the 

 lapmark of Kcmi ; 6+ miles N.N.E. of Kcmi. 



JUNIVILLj;, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Ardennes, and chief place of a canton, hi the dillridt of 

 Relhel. The place contains 984, and llie canton J775 in- 

 hhabitants, on a territory of 215 kiliometrcs, in 13 com- 

 munes. 



JUNIUS, Francis, in Biography, a learned French 

 Protellant divine, defcendcd from a noble family, was born 

 at Bourges in the year 1545. At tiie age of tliirteen, he 

 liad made an extraordinary proficiency in learning ; and be- 

 ing intended for public life, he began the lludy of the civil 

 law, and after profeciiting it for fome years, he was fent to 

 Lyons, to join the train of the ambaflador from the king of 

 France to Conllantinople. He unfortunately arrived too 

 - late, and accordingly remained in that city to attend the 



Eublic leftures of the college. Here, by his avidity in pur- 

 ling knowledge, he recommended himfelf to the principal, 

 vhich was of great fervice to him in liis ftudies. In this 

 eity he became acquainted with a perfon deeply tinftured 

 with fceptical notions, and became himfelf an atheill. On 

 his return to Bourges, his father engaged him in a courfe of 

 reading, particularly of the New Teftament, which in- 

 fenf:bly reclaimed him from thofe principles which he had 

 imbibed at Lyons ; and from this period he attached himfelf 

 to itudies connefted with facred literature and piety. In 

 1565 he was appointed rainilter of the Walloon church at 

 Antwerp, where his labours were eminently ufcful in fpread- 

 ing the reformed religion, on account of which his father 

 had been murdered a (hort time before by the bigotted Ca- 

 thohcs. Junius foon became obnoxious to the Inquifition, 

 which had been lately introduced into the Low Countries ; 

 and many attempts were made by the emiflaries of that tri- 

 bunal to get poflcfiion of his perfon, which timely informa- 

 tion enabled him to elude. In i j68 he was made chaplain 

 to the prince of Orange, 'whom he accompanied during the 

 imfortunate expedition to the Netherlands ; and upon his 

 return, he refumed his minillerial functions at Schoon, to 

 which he had been before appointed by the eleftor palatine 

 F'rederic III. He was, after this, noticed by Henry IV. 

 of France, and employed upon fonie public millions ; which 

 being accomplilhcd, he accepted the divinity profefTorfhip at 

 Leyden, the duties of which he performed with ability and 

 great reputation for the fpace of ten years. He died of the 

 plague in 1602, in tiie 57th year of his age. He was 

 author of nutnerous works, theological, controverfial, and 

 philological, of which the following may be mentioned : 

 " Cominenlaries," on the firft three chapters of Genefi?, 

 tlic prophecies of E'/.ekiel, Daniel, and Jorah ; " Sacred 

 Tarallels," and "Notes." upon the book of Revelation; 

 " A Tranflation out of Hebrew into Latin of the whole 

 Old Teilament ;" " Hebrew Lexicon ;" " Grammar of 

 the Hebrew Tongue ;" " Notes on Cicero's Epiftles to 

 Atticus." 



Junius, Francis, fon of the former, was born at Hei- 

 delberg in 1589, and was educated at Leyden. He wjs lirll 

 intended for the military profefTion, hut circumftances in- 

 duced him to change his purpofe, and he devoted himl'elf 

 entirely to letters. As a Hterary man, his firft occupation 

 was in collecting and publilhing fome of his father's works. 

 In 1620 he came to Enjjland, and rcfided in the family of 

 Thomas earl of Arundel, as librarian, during the fpace of 



J U N 



thirty years. Being, it is faid, void of all- ambition, anj 

 indifferent to the ufual objedls of worldly purfuit, he made 

 Uudy the whole bufinefs of his life. His frequent vifits to 

 the Bodleian and other libraries led him to obtain an intimate 

 knowledge of books written in the Anglo-Saxon dialeft. 

 Convinced that in this he could difcover the etymologies of 

 all the tongues of northern Europe, he applied to it, and to 

 the other dialefts connefted witii it, with the greateft alll- 

 duity. His final tonclufion was, that the Gothic was tlie 

 mother of all the languages of the Teutonic Hem. In hopes 

 of hearing the ancient Saxon fpoken in its ancient purity, 

 he went and refided in Friefland for two year^. On his re- 

 turn through Holland, he met with the MS. of the four 

 evangelills in filver Gothic letters, known by the name of 

 the lilver MS. This he fct about explaining, and pubUdie* 

 it with a glolTary, fubjoining a verlion of the fame in the 

 Anglo-Saxon, with note-; by Dr. Marfiiall. He returned 

 to England in 1674, and died at Windfor in 1677, at the 

 age of eighty-eight. He bequeathed all liis MSS. and col- 

 ledions to the piibhc library at Oxford. His works are 

 " De Picfura Veterum ;" " Obfervationes in Willeromi 

 Francicam Paraphras in Cantici Canticoruni." But hi* 

 great labour was a " GloflTarium Gothicnm," in five lan- 

 guages, comprifed in nine volumes. An " Etymologicum 

 Anglicanum" was publifhed from his papers, bv the Rev. 

 Edward Lye, in 1743. Bayle. Wood Ath. Ox. 



Junius, in Geography, a military townfliip of America, 

 in Onondaga county, New York, at the N. end of Cayuga 

 lake. 



Junius Cr^ii, a northern branch of the Little Kanhaway, 

 which interlocks with the weftern waters of Monongahela 

 river. See Kanhaway. 



JUNK, a river of Guinea, which runs into the Atlantic, 

 N. lat. ()' p- W. long. 10° 5'. 



Junk, in Sea Language, a name given to any remnants or 

 pieces of old cable, which is ufually cut into fmall por- 

 tions, for the purpofe of making points, matts, cafliets, 

 fennit, &c. 



Junks, large flat-bottomed veflels, from 100 to j'oo tons 

 burden, ufed by the Chinefe. They have tliree mails, and 

 a iliort bowfprit placed on the llarboard bow. The malls 

 are fupported by two or three fhrouds, which at times are all 

 carried on the windward ilde. On the fore and main mail is 

 hoifted a fort of lug-fail, made of cane or bamboo. Thcfe 

 fails are confined by iron travellers, that encircle the mall, 

 and fixed to bamboos at feveral divifions on the fail. The fail 

 is kept to the wind by two ropes, fallened to wood flirrups, 

 fixed to the foot of the fail, and lead to the mall-head. The 

 lee part of the fail is hatded aft, by a rope that branches into 

 fliort legs, that are made fall to each fold of the fail. On the 

 mizen-mail is a gaff-fail, made of coarfe cotton ; a top-fail 

 made of the fame is carried on the niain-maft ; alio a jib and 

 fprit-fail, that are fet on the bowfprit. Similar to thefe 

 junks are the Japanele barks, which are 80 or 90 feet long 

 on one deck, but have only one mall, that carries a fquare 

 fail, and forward one or two jibs made of cotton. They 

 only ufe fails when the wind is large. 



JUNKER, CiliilsTiAX, in Biography, was born at 

 Drefdcn in 1688. He Ihidicd at Leipfic, was made firit 

 reClor and librarian at Eifenach, and hilloriographer to the 

 prince of Saxony. In 1711 he was elefted a member of 

 the Royal Academy of Sciences at Berhn, andin 1713, di- 

 retlorof the gymiiafium at Altenburg. He died in the fol- 

 lowing year through grief from the lofs of his wife, whofe 

 death preceded his own but five days. Of his literary ta- 

 lents he gave fufficient proof by the many works which he 

 publilhcd, and particularly by his "Geography of the 



Middle 



