J IT R 



fhews him volatile, dry, nixi hot. The debauches of Ju- 

 piter, who fought for pleafurc in the low, but prolific and 

 ' rhil ear:h, difcover, fay they, irs fecundity, and that 

 ! night be made, were but the way "f preparing it dif- 

 1 'd. In a word, Jupiter is the fon of Saturn, which 

 ■ fome refemblance between the qualities of gold and 



rrxER, iR Chem'ijlry, denotes tin. 

 i- I'lTsa's Beard. Burba Jovii, in Botany, the name given 

 to a fpecies oi nnihyllis. 



JuPlTEs'.s Br.ru. American, is a fpecies of Amorpha. 



JupiTEu's Lijl.-jJ', is a fpecies of Salvi.\ or fage. 



Jupiter Fulmtn.ms and Fulgurator. See Fulminant. 



JlJl'lTEit, Flamen of. See Flames. 



JUPlfS.A.. in Ornithology. See OniOLVS N^morrho:i:. 



JUPUJUB.\, the Brafilian name of a bird of the wood- 

 pecker kind, more commonly known by the name Jupu. 

 See Oriolus Pirficus. 



JUyUER, in Botany. This plant is found in Brafil, and 

 is of a poifonous nature ; but if we may credit Piio, its root 

 is its antidote. 



JUilA, in Geography, one of the eleven departments of 

 the ea'lern region of France, compofed of the bailliages of 

 Djle and .-^val, in 46 ' 40' N lat , between Saone and 

 Switzerland. It is bounaed on the N. by the department 

 of the Upper Srjp.?, on the E. by the department of the 

 Doubs, and the caiuon of Bjrne in S.vitzerland, on tlie S. 

 by the department of the Aifne, and on the V'. by the de- 

 partments of the SaoneandLoire.and Coted'Or. Thecapital 

 is Lons le Saulnier. This department contams 5273^ ki- 

 liometres, or about iy6 fquare leagues, in four diitn^ls, 32 

 cantons, and 728 communes ; and 289,8'i5 inh;:bi;ants. 

 The diilrids or circles are Dole, including 63 581 inliabit- 

 ants ; Poligny, 69,378; Loiis-le-Saulnier, 107,478; and 

 St. Claude, 49, 28. Its contributions amount to 2,005,226 

 francs, and its expences to 225,873 f 1 . 58 cents. The plains 

 in this department produce gram, wine, fruits, and paftures ; 

 the hills yield little grain, but abound in pailures and exten- 

 five forefts. It has mines of copper, lead, iron, folt, coal, 

 with quarries of marble, t'.one, &c. 



Jl'RA, one of the Hebrides, or weftern iflaiids of Scot- 

 land, 13 lituated oppofitt to the diilricl of Knapdale, in Ar- 

 gylelhire, to which county it is politically annexed. Its ex- 

 t.-nt is upwards of thirty miles in length, and, on an average, 

 feven in breadth. Of ali the weftern iiles. Jura is the moil 

 rugged,- being chiefiy compofed of mountains of vaft rocks, 

 apparently piled on each other in the utmoft diforder, with- 

 out a poffibility ot cultivation. The four principal of thcfe 

 mountains are termed the Paps-of-Jura ; which form a ridge 

 fro.Ti iouth to north, nearly through the middle of the 

 idand. Thefe are confpicuous at a great dillance, and termi- 

 nate the weilern profpecl from the continent ; from their 

 fituation and height, they arc frequently enveloped in clouds 

 and da'knefs. Of thefe four, the fouthern is called Bcinn- 

 Achaolais, " the mountain of the found,'' from its proximity 

 to the found of Ifla ; the next, which is the highcll, Bcinn- 

 an-oir, " the mountain of gold ;"' the third, Beinn-fiicr.nta, 

 " the confecrated mountain ;" and the northern Corra-hliicn, 

 " the deep mountain." Pennant reports that he afcended 

 Beinn-an-oir with great difHculty, and deferibes it as being 

 compofed of large ftoncs, covered with modes near the 

 bafc ; but all above were bare and unconneclcd with each 

 other. «' The whole," he fays, " feems a cahn, the work 

 of the fons of Saturn." The grandeur of the profpcft 

 from the fummit, however, compenfaied liim for the fatigue 

 of the afcent. Jura itfelf afforded a ftupendous tcene of 

 rock, varied with innumerable fmall lake:, and calculated to 



Vol XIX-. 



J U R 



raife fublime emotions in the mind of the fpeftator. From 

 the weft fide of the hill ran a narrow Uripof rock, tailed 

 ths Jl'idc of the ohlhag, and terminating in the fea. To the 

 fouth appeared Hay, extended hke a r.-,ap ; and beyond it, 

 the nor! !i of Ireland; to the weft. Gigha and Car«, Can- 

 tvre and Arran, and the Firth of Clyde, bounded by Ayr- 

 fl-.ire ; an amazing trafl of mountains to the north-eat!, as lar 

 asBcn-lomond ; Skarba finiflied the northern view ; and over 

 the weftern ocean were fcattered Colonfay and Oranfay, Mull, 

 lona, and the neighbouring group of iilands ; and ftiU fur- 

 ther, the long extents of Tivey and Col juft apjiarent. Sir 

 Jofeph Banks and his friends, in their journey to Scotland, 

 afcended Beinn-fheunta, and found it to be 2359 feet above 

 the level of the fea ; but Beinn-an-oir exceeds ttiat in height 

 by 61 feet. The weft fide of the idand is not fit for culti- 

 vation, being fo wild and rugged, and fo interfered by tor- 

 rcn's rufliing from the mountains, that no perfon choofes to 

 make his abtrde in it. All the inhabitan's, therefore, live on 

 the call fide; where, a ong the margin of the fea, the coaft 

 is pretty level ; but at a fmall diftance from the ftinre there 

 is a gradual aicent. The only corn cultivated here is cats 

 and barley ; potatoes and .lax are alio produced : the only 

 manure is the fea-wecd, which is caft on fliore. Artificial 

 grafles are unknov.n ; and lime cannot be procured bv the 

 poor hiifbandmen. On the eaft co.ift of the ifiand arc tvvo 

 good harbours : that to the iouth called the Small Ijles ; the 

 other the Lcwlandman's Bay : there aie alfo fume anchoring 

 places on the weftern coaft. The mountains of Jura abound 

 with fev.ral kinds of red deer: and they are are alfo fre- 

 quented by plenty of groufe and black game Mr. Pennant 

 mentions his having "Tome obfcure account'' of a wt m, a 

 native of this ifiand, which, though lefs pernicious, bears 

 f jme refembl-ince to the Furia infenalis of Linrxus. There 

 are fcveral barrov.-s and caftelia in the idand ; and on the 

 coaft, near the harbour of fmali ides, are the nmams of a 

 very confiderable encam.pment. The ftones of whith the 

 mountains are formed, are of white or red qiiartzy l raiiite ; 

 fome of which-are brecciated, or filled with trjilalline ker- 

 nels of an amethyftine colour. Here is great abiindante of 

 iron, and a vein o'f the black oxyd of miin/antfe. The cli- 

 mate of Jura, t!ioui;h neceflarily of a very n.oift character, is 

 confidered to be viry healthy, and favourable to longevity. 

 When vifited by Mr. Pennant in 1772, it contained only 

 about 750 inhabitants ; but in 1793 the ni;mber was 13S7. 

 The parilh is fuppcfcd to be the l.ugefl in Great Britain ; 

 and the duty the moll tioublefome and dangerous ; it coni- 

 prifes Jura, Colonfay, Oronfay, Skarba, and fevtral little 

 ides, divided by narrow and hazardous fbunds ; forming an 

 extent of fiKty miles ; the whole of whic:h is fupplied by only 

 one minitler and an aliiflaiit. Pennant's "Voyage to the 

 I Icbridef. 



.UitA Sound, on the weftern coaft of Argylelhire in Scot- 

 land, is a very wide channel, except at its northern end, 

 which feparates Hay, , Jura, Luning, Skarba, and fome 

 ftnaller idands, from the main Und of Scotland. The found 

 of Juraconnecl^ with Ida found, Tarbat weft loch, Kilided 

 loch, Achaftill loch, Crinan loch, and the Crinan cai^l, 

 Graigncfs loch, S;c. Gliia, Cara, Taxa, Auchurin, Bor- 

 fill, Mackermores, Craigendive, Rnkcel, Shunda, tind 

 other fmall idands, are fituatcd in this capacious found 



Jl'U.\, [Jttrajli, I.at. ; Juras, Strabo ; Jnu-sag, i.e. 

 the domain of God or Jupiter, in Celtic), a chain of moun- 

 tains, defending, like a ftupendous bulwark, the N W. fide 

 of S.vitzerland. The Jura runs S.S.W. to N.N.F. from 

 the Vouache in Savoy to the canton of SchafliaufcH, nearly 

 parallel with the high chain of the Alps ; its width towards 

 N.W-. being from about 35 to 45 mile?. Its higheft ridge 

 " 4 M 18 



