J U R 



JURIEWCa town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of 

 Mini!.- ; 20 miles E N.E. of Minflc. 



JURILGUNGE, a town of Bengal, in C!iittigong ; 

 ^^ miles N-NAV. of Ifiamabad. 



,II?RIN, Jaues, in Biography, a phyfician of the ma- 

 thematical feet, was, durin;T feveral years, an aiitivc member 

 and fecretary of the Royal Society of I^ondon, and, at t'le 

 time of his death, in 1750, was prefsdont of the College of 

 Phyf:cians. lie dittiu;;uinied himfelf by a ferics of inge- 

 t'ions eflays, to the number of fevsnteen, which were pub- 

 lillied iu the Piiilofophical 'IVanfadlions in the years 1718, 

 1719, t'<c. ; and afterwards printed collectively, in 17^)2, 

 ui'der the title of " Phyiico-Mathematical Diil'ertations," 

 in which mathematical fcience was applied with conlidcrable 

 acutenefs to phyfiological fubjefts. Thefe papers involved 

 him in leveral philofophical controverfies ; full with Keill, 



in confequcnce of his calculations in rcga>-d to the force of confulted, th'-ough age and experience, but never pleaded 

 the contractions of the heart, againll which alfo Senac pub- ^ the bar. Their pleading advocates or lawyers never li 



lilhed fome objections, wliich he anfwered. .Turin computed :..-:/• i-i.- 



conlraftile force of the heart to be eaual to tiftcen 



J U R 



among the Romans, was a perfon learned in the law ; a 

 mailer of the Roman jurifprndence ; wlio was confulted on 

 the interpretation of the laws and cullums, and the difiicult 

 points in law-fuits. 



The fifteen books of the Digeft were compi'ed wholly 

 from the anfwers, or reports, of the ancient jurifconfultj. 

 Trebonianus, in dellroying the two thcnifand volumes from 

 whence the Code and Digeil were taken, has deprived the 

 public of many things, which would have given them liglit 

 into the oiTice of the ancient jurifcoufiilii. 



We fliould fcarce have known any ihinsf beyond their 

 bare names, had not Poniponins, who lived in the fecond 

 century, taken care to prcferve fome circumllances of their 

 office. 



The Roman jurifconfulti feem to have been the fame with 

 our chamber counfellors, who arrived at the honour of being 



t!; 



pounds four ounces ; that of the right ventricle being equal 

 to fix pounds three ounces, and that of the left to nine 

 pounds one ounce. To Smith's Syftem of Optics, publiflied 

 in 17^8, Jurin added " An EfTay upon diiiindt and indif- 

 tinft Vifion," in which he made fubtle calculations of the 

 changes neceffary to be made in the figure of the eye to ac- 

 commodate it to the different dillances of objecls. This 

 paper was commented on by Robins, to whom .Turin wrote a 

 reply. He had likewife controverfies with Michclotti re- 

 fpecting the force of running water, and with the philofo- 

 phers of tiie fcliool of Leibnitz on living forces. He com- 

 municated to the Royal Society fome experiments made with 

 a view to determine the fpecific gravity of the human blood, 

 and he contributed much to the improvement of their mete- 

 orological obfervations. He was a warm partifan and an 

 a£live defender of the practice of inoculation ; and in feveral 

 publications, giving an account of its inccets from 1723 to 

 1727, ellablilhed its utility upon the true foundation of a 

 companion between the refpeCtive mortality of the cafual 

 and the inoculated fmall-pox. He did not, however, fore- 

 fee, that this pra ;ice, although preferving the lives of thofe 

 who had recourfe to it, yet contributed to increafe the mor- 

 tality in general, in confsquence of keeping up an artilicial 

 epidemic, as it wtre, by a conllant multiplication of the con- 

 tagion. His papers in the Philofopli' 



the PhilofophiceJ Tranfactions, 

 , to Ixvi. incluiive. Eloy. DiCt. Hi 



papers 

 to be found in vols. 1 

 Gen. Biog. 



.lURINGL in Gig^^raphy, a town of Japan, in the ifland 

 of Niphon ; 40 miles W.N.W. of Jedo. 



JURLS Uthtm, in La'X', a writ called the par.'im's 

 writ of right (Booth. 221.), which lies for the parfon of a 

 church, or prebc-ndary, at common law, and for a vicar by 

 flat. 14 Ed. HLc. 17. whofe predecelTor hath alienated the 

 lands and tenements thereof, by which they may recover 

 lands and tenements belonging to the church, or of which 

 they were diffelfed ; or which were recovered againil them by 

 verdict, coufefllon, or default, without praying in aid of the 



came jurifconfulti 



In the times of the commonwealth, the advoiati had by 

 much the more honourable employment, as bcinij in the 

 ready way to attain to the highclt prefei nunt*:. They then 

 defpifed the jurifconfulti, calling them in derilionyw-mH/rt/jV 

 and leguk'n, as havi4ig invented certain forms and nionofvl- 

 lables, in order to give their anfwers the greater appeiu-ance 

 of gravity and myilery. But in j)rocefs of time they became 

 fo much elleemed, that they were called /./7«/i«/i/ and _/«/';<«- 

 tes, and the emperors appointed the judges to follow ilieir 

 advice. Augulhis at length advanced ihcm to be piil>lic of- 

 ficers of the empire ; fo that they were no longer conlined 

 to the petty counfelsof private perfons. 



Bern. Rutilius has written the lives of the molt famou.s 

 jurifconfulti, who have lived within thcl'e t«o thoufand 

 years. 



JURLSDICTION, a power, or authority, which aman 

 has to do jultice in cafes of complaints made befcne liini. 

 There are two kinds of jurifdiction ; the owe ecdefi.ijl'.^alt 

 the oilier ficitlar. 



Secular, belongs to the king, and his juiliccs, or dele- 

 gates. 



Til- rn,„t. nn,l judges at Wellmialter have iurifdiaion ail 

 1' 1 ' . i are not rellranied to anv cour.ty r-r plncK ; 



1. rts are confined to their parti.- lirjurif* 



li; I . ir they exceed, whatever '.licv do is eiTOne- 



ou.-^. There are three forts ofiiif.rior iiirHV.i,:tr i;s ; the lirll 

 U tenerv pLjc'iIa, to luild pleas aini the pl.iiLtiir ;;i.iy fuceitiier 

 tliere or in the king's courts Another is tiic conufaixe of 

 pleas, where a right is invelled in the lord of tlie franchifc 

 to hold pleas ; and he is the only perfon that can take ad-' 

 vantage of it. by claiming his franchi.'c. The third fort is 

 an exempt jurifdiCtion, as where the king grants to fome 

 city, that the inhabitants fliould be fued within their cic)» 



and no 

 witlilla 



ifewhere ; though there 



ifdi. 



that 

 rliorar'i to the fuperior courts. i\mong thr 

 various beneficial regulatioi^s of Edward L he defined, 

 the limits of the feveral temporal courts of the liighefL 

 j;;rifdiction, thofe of the king's bench, common pleas, and 



patron and ordinary ; or on which any perfon has intruded exchequer, fo as they might not interfer 

 fince the predeceifor's death. ( F. N. B. 48, 49. ) But fince 

 the reilraining llatute of 13 Eliz. c. 10. whereby the aliena- 

 tion of the predecelTor, or a recovery fulfered byhiaiof the 

 lands of the church, is declared to be aiifolutely void, this 

 remedy is of little ufe, unlefs where the parlon himfelf has been 

 deforced for more than twenty years ( I3ooth 221); for the 

 fuccclFor, at any competent time after his acceffion to the 

 bcnclice, may enter, or bring an ejeflment. 



JURI6CON0ULTUS, Cr JcUtCO.^.'SVLSUS, ICTU.S, 



each other's 

 proper bulinefs : to do wiiich they mull now have recourfe 

 to a fiction, very neceiTary and ufeful to the prefent en- 

 larged llate of property. He alfo fettled the boundaries ofj 

 the inferior courts in counties, hundreds, and manors ; con- 

 fining them to caules of no jjreat amount, aicording la. 

 their primitive inllitiition. See Jf.sTKK, and Court. 



iVir/(-/?,i/?/V<// jurifdictioR belongs to bilhops and their depu- 

 ties. See Bi.suop, and Oj-fki \i„ 



Bii'hops, &:c. have tW4) kinds of jurifdiction ; the one in-^ 

 4M 2 tfimil. 



