J U R 



ierntJyw'tnchh exercifed over the confcicnce in things purtly 

 fpiritual ; and this they are fiippofed to hold irnmedjately of 

 God. 



The other is contentious, which is a privilege feme princes 

 have given them in terminating difputes between eccleliadics 

 and laymen. (See Contentious.) Edward I. gave a mortal 

 woiind to the crcronchments of the pope and hid clergy, by 

 limiting and ellablilhing the bounds of eccldia'HcHl jurif- 

 d'.ftion ; and by obliging the ordinary, to whom all the 

 goods of intellates at that time belonged, to difcharge the 

 debts of the deceafed. 



Jurisdiction-, Encroachment of, an injiiry, cognizable 

 by the courts of the comTnon law, v.hich coniiils in calling 

 one "coram non judice," to anfwcr in a court ihat has 

 no legal cognizance of the caufe. For this injury the com- 

 mon law has provided a remedy by the v.rit of prohibition. 

 See Prohieition-. 



JuniSDiCTiox, Pica to the, is where an indiftment is taken 

 before a court that hath no cognizance of the offence : as 

 if a man be indiiled for a rape at the fheriff's tourn, or 

 for treafon at the quarter fefTions : in thefe, or fimilar cafes, 

 he may except to the i'.irifdicHon of the court, v/itbout an- 

 fwering at ail to the crime alleged. 2 Hal. P. C. 236. See 

 Dif-ATORY Pleas. 



JURISPRUDENCE, the fcience of what is juil and 

 v.njiiit, or of the laws, rights, culloms, ilatutes, &c. necelTary 

 for the doing of jullice. 



C/Wjurifprudence is that of the Roman law; canonical 

 that of the canon i.iw ; and feudal, that of fees. 



JURJURA, in Geo^apky, a mountain of Africa, the 

 hi, heft in Barbary, anciently called the " Mors ferratus." 

 It is, f.iys Shaw (in his Travels) at leaft eiglit leagues long; 

 and if we except a pool of good water, bordered round with 

 ar.-ble ground, that lies near the middle of it, the whole, 

 from one end to another, is a continued range of naked rocks 

 and precipices. In the winter feafon the ridge of this moun- 

 tain is covered with fnow ; and it is remarkable, that whilll 

 the inhabitants of one fide of it maintain an hereditary im- 

 pljcable animofity againll thofe of the otiier, yet, by confent, 

 this border of fnv)w puts a full '.lop to all hoftilitics during 

 that feafon : v.-hich, hke thofe of the cran.^s and pigmies, 

 as related by the poet, are renewed wi;hfre!h vi^^our in the 

 fpring : 



Kj^-iCij fi' «f* Taiy» x'XKvy j'^tda rr^oCrc'-'^- 



■ I!. -,. V. 7. 



Tl'.is mountain lies between Dellys (Rufcurium) and Bou- 

 jeiah (Saldis). 



JURKONE, a town of Hindoollan, in the circar of 

 Kitchwara ; 15 nuks S. of B'.ubwar. 



JURMO, a fmall illand in tlie Baltic, between the ifl.md 

 of Aland and the coall of Finland. N. lat. 60' 33^. E. 

 long. 20 52'. 



JURO, or Devil's Ifnnd, a fmall ifland in the Gre- 

 cian Archipelago. N-l.it. 39 33'. E. long. 24' 15.' 



JUROCO, a town of Brazil, in the province of Minas 

 Geraes ; 1 10 miles S.W» of Villa Rica. 



JUROR, JuRATOU, in a Legal Setife, is one of thofe 

 twenty-four, or twelve men, wlio are fworn to deliver truth 

 \ipon fuch evidence as (hall be given them touching any mat- 

 ter in quellion. 



The puni(hmcnt of petty jurors attainted of giving a ver- 

 <!ift contrary to evidence, vvdhngly, is very fevere. See 

 Attaint. 



The praflice, heretofore in ufe, of fining, imprifoning, or 

 cthcrwife punifhing juror i, merely at the difcretion of the 

 «0dr£, for finding their verdift contrary to the dircftion of 



J U R 



the judge, was arbitrary, unconftitutional, and illegal, 'and 

 was treated as fuch by fir Thomas Smith, more than 200 

 years ago ; who accounted " Inch doings to be very violent, 

 tyrannical, and contrary to the liberty and cullom of the 

 realm of England." For, as fir Matthew Hale well ob- 

 ferves (2 Hal. P. C. 313.), it would be a moft unhappy 

 cafe for the judge himfelf, if the prifoner's fate depended 

 upon his direftions : unliappy alfo for the priloner; for if 

 the judge's opinion mull rule the verdidt, the trial by jury 

 would be ufelefj. Yet in many in (lances, where, contrary 

 to evidence, the jury have found the pnfoner guilty, their 

 verdict hath mercifully been fetafide, and a new trial granted 

 by the court of king's bench ; for in fuch cafe, as it hath been 

 faid, it cannot be let right by attaint. But there hath yet 

 been no inUance of granting a new trial v/here the prifoner 

 was acquitted upon the firit. 2 Hawk. P. C. 442. IJlackft. 

 Com. b. iv. 



JuKOKS, Challenge to the. See Ch.\llenc.e. 



JUROUDA, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 the circar of Chandaree ; i j miles S.E. of Seronge. 



JUROZEE, a town of Ruffian' Lithuania ; 80 miles 

 S.E. of Minsk. 



JUR-TCHEREMONSKOI, a town of RnfTm, in the 

 go\ernment of ToboUk, on tlie Oby ; 68 miles S. W. of 

 To.-nfk. 



JURVA, a town of Sweden, in the government of 

 Wafa; 32 miles N.N.E. of Chiiitianiladt. 



JURUCU.-^, in Zoology, the Brafilian name of a fpecies 

 of tortoife. This has feet almoft in ftape of wings, the 

 fore ones about (w inches long, the hinder ones confiderably 

 Ihorter ; its tail is (hort, and of a conic figure ; its eyes 

 large and black ; its mouth has no teeth, but refembles the 

 beak of a bird. It frequently grows to four feet long, 

 and about three in width ; its ribs are faitened to the (hell, 

 and are eight on each fide ; the middle ones of thefe are 

 the longeii, the fore and hinder ones being the fliorter. 

 The flefn and eggs of this fpecies are very delicately tafted ; 

 they lay their eggs in holes on the fea-(hore, covering them 

 over with fand, and leaving them for the fun to hatch them. 

 There are ufiially a great many very odd figures, like geo- 

 metrical lines, running in various direftions on the fhell ; 

 the whole ground of the (hell is ufcally black and very 

 glofFy, adorned with yellow variegatijns ; but this is no 

 certain character of the fpecies, the varieties in the colour- 

 ing of thefe (hells being very great. See Testudo Mydas, 



JURUNCAPEBA, in Ichthyology, the name of a fea- 

 filT), of the turdus or wraiTe khid, caught ibout the (hores 

 of the Brafils, and called alfo itaiara. It is ufually about 

 five or fix inches long, about a third part cf its length in 

 breadth ; its mouth is extremely large aiid wide, and of a 

 fomewhat triangular figure. 



It is caught among the rocks, and is a very delicate fi(h 

 for tlie table. 



JURUNGE, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Bahar, on the Bogmutty ; 13 miles W. of Durburgah. 



JURURA, in Zoology, the name of a fpecies of tortoife. 

 common in the Brafils. It is a fmall ki;;d, feldom exc< < 

 ing ten fingers in breadth, and eight or ni~e in lei:glli, 

 of an elliptic figure; its under Ihell is about nine fin 

 long, and four and a half broad, and is flat ; it can at | 

 fure hide its whole body in the fhell, or thrufl out its i. . 

 to three fingers' breadth diltance ; the head is tliick 

 long, the nofe elevated and pointed; the mouth is L.i 

 and the eyes black ; it lias four long claws on its feet ; 

 tail is ihort and pointed; and its (l<in is rough and i^ ' 

 The upper (hell is brov/n, the lower yellow ; its egg'- 



