J u s 



excluded by St. Paul from juftification or falvation, lie doth 

 not mean any ceremonial works, or ritual obfervances of the 

 Mofaic conftitution (fee Titus, iii. 5.) ; but allatls of obe- 

 dience properly moral. Moreover, by luorhyOr-woris of latu, 

 exclud'd from ju'iilicat ion, the apoftle doth not always mean 

 only finlefs, perfeft obedience. The li'orhs excluded from 

 julUfication are any kind of obedience, perfeft or imperfecl, 

 which may be fuppofed a reafon foi* God's bellowing the pri- 

 vileges arid honours of the gofpel upon the heathen world, 

 'rhofe privileges and honours were beftowed out of pure 

 mercy and goodnefs, without regard to the foregoing good 

 or bad works of the heathen world. The luorhs, which are 

 excluded from juPtilication, refer to the prior (late of Chrif- 

 tia:is, and to i\.\e\r firjl juilitication ; when they were taken 

 into t!ie church or kingdom of God, and had x\\e'\r pajl fins 

 forgiven them. Thisjfty? juftification was not of works, it 

 was of mere grace, according to tiie coiinfel and purpofe of 

 God's own will, without regard to what the Heathen had 

 been before his converfion. But after converfion, when a 

 man is become a Chriftian, and with regard to fnal juftifi- 

 cation, works are exprefsly required. Neverthclefs, works 

 of righteoufnefs are fo inliifed upon in our Chriilian ftate, 

 now that we are taken into the kingdom of God, that if any 

 Clirillian fliould negleft the performance of them, there is 

 Hill room, in this life, for repentance. For our Lord and 

 his apolfles not only called men to repentance, in order to 

 their /f;_y? juftification ; but the apollles, and our lord after 

 his afcenfion, exhort wicked Chriftians, fuch as were mem- 

 bers of the gofpel church, to repentance, in order to their 



■Jimil juftification. 2 Cor. xii. 21. Rev. ii. 5, 16. iii. 3, 

 19. 

 JUSTIFYING B.^iL, in Lazu. See Bail abovi. 

 JusTiFyiXG Grace. See Grace. 



JUSTIN I., in Biography, emperor of the Eaft, a native 

 ofDacia, was born about the year 450, and was brought 

 lip to the mean occupation of keeping of cattle. Pofleffing 

 a ^rength and ftature which he thought were likely to re- 

 commend him, he left the bufinefs of a paftoral life, and 

 obtained a place among the guards of ihe emperor Leo. 

 He rofe by degrees in the fervice, till at length, in 518, he 

 poiTeiTed, at the death of Anaftafius, the important office of 

 praifeft-prsetorio ; and by the application of timely bribes, 

 he ftepped on to the vacant throne, and apparently with the 

 unanimous confent of the military, the clergy, and the 



■people. The eunuch Amantius, who would gladly have 

 raifed one of his own friends to the high office, was, for a 

 real or pretended confpiracy, with fome of his afTociates, 

 puniflied with exile or death. The Gothic chief Vitahan, 

 ■who had revolted againft Anaftafius, and remained at the 

 head of a powerful army, was decoyed into the palace, and 

 anViffinated at a royal banquet. Jnilin, to whom the epithet 

 ci elder is given, to dii'inguifli him from another emperor of 

 the fame name and family. Was fixty-eight years of age 

 ■when he was inverted with the imperial purple ; and though 

 ■without any advantages of education, he was preferved from 

 expollng his incapacity, by his good fenfe in following the 

 d.ireftion of able ftatefmen, whom he had the difcernment to 

 feleft, and the wifdom to confide in. At this time, fays 

 the hiftoiian, the world beheld two contemporary monarchs, 

 Theodoric and himfelf, who were even deftitute of the 

 knowledge of the alphabet: but the commanding genius of 

 the Godi rendered him rcfpcflable amidft all his ignorance ; 

 ai)4 Juftin, confcious of his deficiencies, relied on the dih- 



"gence of his queftor Proclus, and the talents of his nephew 

 juftinian, whom the emperor had brought from the foHtudes 

 of Dacia, and educated as his fiiture heir. The chief events 

 ef this reij^n wo»c tlic perfccutiun of the Arians, advances 



J US 



towards a reconciliation with the Roman fee, and the com- 

 mencement of a war with the king of Perfia. He a(loci;uod 

 Juftinian as his colleague in the empire in 527, and oon 

 after died, in the ninth year of his reign. An earthqi;.ike^ 

 which almoft ruined Antioch and fcveral other cities in the 

 Kaft, was a calamity which gvealy affefted the emperor. 

 He is faid to have laid afide the imperial robes, clothed 

 himfelf in fackcloth, and palled feveral days in fafting and 

 prayer, to avoid the divine judgments. His piety was not 

 furpaiTed by his humanity ; and he difplayed much bene- 

 volence in relieving thofe who had fuffercd by and furvivtd 

 the terrible difafter. Gibbon. Univer. Hift. 



Justin II., emperor of the Eaft, nephew and fuccelTor 

 of Juftinian, afcended the throne in 565. The choice of 

 the fenate and people was fanctified by the benedidion of 

 the patriarch, who placed the diadem on his head, wliich 

 was the firft time the ceremony had been performed bv a 

 prieft. As his predecelTor had given great offence by 

 abolifliing the office of conful, the new emperor reflored it 

 in his own per.^on, almoft as foon as he came to the throne. 

 On this occafion, he dillributed large funis of money among 

 the people, and immediately difcharged the debts, and cor- 

 rected the .^bufes of his late uncle. The popularity ac- 

 qnired by this commencement of Juftin's reign was foon for- 

 feited by inftances of cruelty and avarice, which were im- 

 puted to the inftigation of the emprefs Sophia. He caufed 

 his relation Juftin, who had a military command on the 

 banks of the Danube, to be ftrangled ; and he put to death 

 fonie of his fenators, from a fufpicion of their being difaf- 

 fedted. He made war againft Perfia ; but being defeated 

 at the head of a numerous army, he was obliged to fi:e for 

 peace. SoOn after this, Juilin was feized with a diforder, 

 which affeded his intellefts, and rendered hin\ incapable of 

 government. Bv the advice of his emprefs, he railed to the 

 rank of C.efar, in the year 574, a Thracian named Tiberius, 

 who had obtained, by his abilities, tlie office of poft-captain 

 of the guards. The ceremony of his elevation was per- 

 formed in the portico of the palace, in the prefence of the 

 patriarch and the fenate. On this occafion Juftin made a 

 long fpeech, which his flatterers imputed to divine infpira- 

 tion, in wliich he recommended his fucceflbr to love his 

 people as himfelf; to cultivate the afFecfions, and maintain 

 the difcipline of the army ; to protect the fortunes of the 

 rich, and to relieve the neceifities of the poor : and he con- 

 cluded with a prayer, that th.e God of heaven and earth 

 would infnfe into his heart to do whatever he himfelf had 

 neglected or forgotten. The four laft years of his life were 

 fpent in retirement ; and his choice Was juftified by the filial 

 reverence and gratitude of Tiberius. Juilin died 0£lober 

 5th, 578. 



Jusri.v, a Latin hiftorian, is fuppofed to have flouriflied 

 in the fecond century, under Antoninus Pius. His hiftory,. 

 which is ufed in our fchools as an elegant compendium for 

 young people, is an abridgment of that of Trogus Pom- 

 peius, in forty-four books, which has been long loft. The 

 narration of Juftin is clear, his refiedtions are fenfib'e, 

 though obvious, and his ilyle is fometimcs eloquirit. The 

 hillory compreh.ends what relates to the AfTyrian, Perfiap, 

 Grecian, Macedonian, and Roman empires. The beft edi- 

 tions are thole by Gronovius, Hearne, and Barbou. The 

 Delphin edition is much in uie. 



Justin, St., in Geu^raphy, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Landes ; 27 miles W. of Condom. 



JUSTINGEN, a town and capital of a lordfnip, pur- 

 chafed in I75'i by the duke of Wirlertiborg ; 16 miles 

 N.N.E. cf Bachau. 



JUST IK IAN I., in Biography, emperor of the Eaft,. 



