JUT 



ment For contraiSing his power, feventeen perfons were 

 chofcn by lot in each meeting of the Cortes ; and thcfe 

 formed a tribunal, called the court of inquifition into the 

 office of juftiza. This court met at three liated times in the 

 year; and to this court the juftiza and his deputies were 

 refponfible for their conduft. The members of the court 

 pafted fentence by ballot ; and they mi^ht punifh by de- 

 gradation, confifcation of goods, or even with death. The 

 law which erefled this court, and regulated the forms of 

 its precedence, was enadled A.D. 1461. Robertfon's Hift. 

 of Charles v., vol. i. 



JUSTNESS, the exaftnefs or regularity of any thing. 

 Juftnefs is chiefly ufed in fpeaking of thought, language, 

 and fentinnents. The juftnefs of a thought confilb in a cer- 

 tain precifion or accuracy, by which every part of it is per- 

 feClly true, and pertinent to the fubjedl. 



Juftnefs of language confifts in ufing proper and well 

 chofen terms ; in noi faying either too much, or too little. 



M. De Mere, who has written on juftnefs of mind, dif- 

 tinguifhes two kinds of juftnefs ; the one arifing from tafte 

 and genius ; the other from good fenfe, or riglit reafon. 

 There are no certain rules to be laid down for the former, 

 viz. to (hew the beauty and exaftnefs in the turn, or choice 

 of a thought ; the latter confifts ia the juft relation which 

 things have to one another. 



JUTE, in Manu/acfures, is a remarkably ftrong vege- 

 table fibre, -tiie prodiice of the Eatl Imlies, which Dr. 

 Wiliiam Roicburgh has fully defcribcd, and its ufes, in the 

 Tranfaflions of the Society of Arts, vol. xxii. p. 372. 



JUrERBOCK, in Geography, a town of Germany, in 

 the principality of Querfurt, with two fauxbourgs, fituatcd 

 on the Angeibach ; 16 miles N. E. of Wittenburg. N. 

 lat. 52^ E. long. 13" 2'. 



JUTES, in Jnci.nt Bijory, a tribe of the Gets, the 

 conquerors of fo many countries, inhabited the extremity of 

 the Ciir.bric Cherfonefus, which from them is ftill called 

 J;:l!a!id; which fee. 



JUTHIA, Od:.\, or Slam, in Geography, a town of Afia, 

 capital of the kingdom of Siam, and refidence of the king, 

 fituated on a large illand in the river Menan, at the diftance 

 of fome leagues from the fea. The royal palace is large 

 and beautiful, and the pagodas are numerous. The Dutch 

 have a factory here, and many merchants from different 

 countries come to trade. In 1766, this town was taken by 

 the Birmans. N. lat. 14 18'. E. long. 100 52'. 



JUTLAND, a peninfula of Europe, in the kingdom -of 

 Denmark, formerly called " Cimbria," and the " Cher- 

 fonefus Cimbricus," bounded on the E. by the Scaggerak, 

 the Ljittle Belt, and the Baltic ; on the S. by the duchy of 

 Holftein, and on the W. and N. by the Northern fea ; 

 about 200 iniles long, and rjj broad. It is generally divided 

 into North Jutland, more cfpecially called Jutland, and 

 South Jutland, more generally called the " duchy of Slef- 

 wick ;" which fee. 



Jutland, or North Jutland, is bounded on all fides by 

 the ft'a, except towards the fouth, where its boundary is the 

 duchy of Slefwick ; it is about i j'o miles long, and from 

 60 to 80 broad. Of all the territories belonging to Den- 

 mark, it is the l.'.rgeft and yields the greateft revenue. The 

 middle part confifts of heaths and moors, intermixed with 

 few fpots of arable land ; but thefe afford good pafture 

 for oxen, ftieep, and goats. The other parts, of greater 

 extent, arc very fertile, and yield a great quantity of grain, 

 which is annually exported to Sweden, Norway, and Hol- 

 land. The inhabitants derive alfo confiderable funis from 

 their oxen, horfes, and hogs. Hence Jutland is commonly 

 tailed '' the land of bacon and rye bread." This country 



J U V 



is alfo plentifully fupplicd with all kinds of freili u;i. 

 and fea fifll On the caft fide it has fine woods of fa'.. 

 beech, fir, &c. but on the weft lide the inhabitants arc 

 obhgcd to ufe heath and turf for fuel. Jutland abounds 

 with game. The air is keen and cold, cfpecially towards 

 the North fea. The inhabitants are vigorous, robuft, and 

 refolute ; and feem to have gained a greater degree of free- 

 dom than the other inhabitants of Denmark. Many of the 

 Jullanders have freeholds, for which they pay a fmall ac- 

 knowledgment to the lord of the manor and the public 

 taxes. The Danifii language is fpoken in Jutland with a 

 particular accent, and with lefs purity than in the other pro- 

 vinces. The only place in which the exercife of any reli- 

 gion, befides Lutheranifm, is tolerated, is Fredericia. North 

 .Jutland is compofed of fsur- diocefes, or governments i 

 each of which has its biftiop and general-governor ; and 

 they derive their names from ihofe of their chief cities, vlx^ 

 Aalborg, Wiborg, Arrhuus, and Ripen. The population 

 of thefe four diocefes is ftated by Mr. Coxe at 358,136 

 perfons. Jutland fupplies tripoly and fuller's earth, befides 

 fome alum and vitriol. 



JUTRAM, a town of Hindooftan, in Giizerat, on the 

 gulf of Cambay ; 16 miles N.W. of Amood. 



JUTTARA, a town of Hindooftan, in the eircar of 

 Cicacole ; 10 miles N. of Vifigapatam. 

 JUTTY Head. See Jetty Head. 



JUTWAR, in Geography, a fmall eircar of Hindooftan, 

 in Guzerat, on the left bank of the Puddar, a little above 

 the gulf of Cuteh ; about 25 miles long, and 1 6 broad. 



JUVANTIA, in Medicine, literally fignifying aiding 

 things, and generally contrafted with ladentia, or hurtful 

 things, is a term applicable to every agent or circumftance 

 which contributes to alleviate a difeafe, as the word l/zdentia 

 fignifies every thing which can increafe the fymptoms of a 

 diforder, or prevent its progrefs towards amendment ; but 

 the terms are principally ufed to denote thofe things, which 

 pofTefs a minor degree of influence on the animal economy^ 

 and cannot be clafled among the adual remedies or caufes 

 of difeafe. Whence the common precept of medical 

 writers, to attend to the juvantla and /adcntla, at the fame 

 time that the active remedies for any diltafe are employed. 



JUVELSKOI, in Geography, a town of Ruffia, in the 

 government of Tobolflt. N. lat. 63° 40'. E. long. 61° 14'. 



JUVENAL, Dkcius Junius Juvexalis, in Biography, 

 a celebrated Roman poet, who was born at Aquinum, 

 in Italy. He came early to Rome, and pafTcd much of 

 his life in tlie piirfuits of tl;e bar, after which he applied 

 himfelf to write fatires, fixteen of which are ftill extant, and 

 very highly prized. Tiiey ftand pre-eminent in the clafs of 

 thofe which employ warm ferious inveftivc, and make vice 

 rather than folly their objeft. He wrote with acrimony 

 againft all his adverfaries : he is far more correft than his 

 contemporaries, which has been attributed to his judgment 

 and experier>ce, being far advanced in life when he wrote h s 

 fatires. He appears to have been a lover of virtue, though 

 his language and defcriptions are fometimes very grofs : many 

 of his maxims of morality are delivered with great force and 

 dignity ; as a poet he has more animation than tafte. He 

 has with reafon been called the laft of the Roman poets, for 

 after him poetry decayed, and nothing more claims attention 

 as a perfect poitcal ccmpofilion. The belt editions of this 

 poet are thofe by Cafanbcn, of Hawkey, and of Grwvius 

 cum notis variorum The Delphin edition is much ufed, as 

 are the Aldine and Glafgow editions. 



JUVENALIA, or Juve.mai,t:,s ludi, games, exercifes of 

 body, and combats, inllJtuted by Ivlao the firft time his 

 beard was ftiaved. 



They 



