I V Y 



Tliey were celebrated in private lioufes, and exen the wo- 

 men had a fliare in them : probably they were the fame with 

 what were otlierwife called Neroniana. 



JUVENCUS, Caius Vettiu.s Aquilixus, in Biogra- 

 phy, one of till- carlieft ChrilUan poets, was a prieft of a 

 noble family in Spain, and flovirifhcd in the fourth century. 

 He wrote a poem on the life of Chrill, taken from the gof- 

 pel of St. Matthew. It was compofcd about the year 3:9. 

 It has been frequently reprinted, and may be found in Mat- 

 taire's " Corpus Poetarum ;" and in the " Bibliotheque dee 

 Peres." Gen. Biog. 



JUVENIEC, in Gergmphy. a town of Poland, in t!>e 

 palatinate of Wilna; ^o r, iles E. of L'.dn. 



JU VENT AS, in Mythology, the goddefs who prefided 

 over youth among the Romans. This goddefs was long 

 honoured in the Capitol, where Servi's Tullius ereifted her 

 ftatue. Near the chapel of Minerva there was the altar of 

 Juventas, and upon this altar a picture of Proferpine. The 

 Greeks called the goddefs of yoith Hebe ; but it has been 

 generally fuppofed that this was not the fame with the Ro- 

 manJuventas. 



JUVIGNY, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Channel, and chief place of a canton, in the 

 diftrid of Mortain ; four miles N. W. of Mortain. The 

 place contains 632, and the canton 5603 inhabitants, on a 

 territory of 100 kilionietres, in nine communes. Alfo, a 

 town of France, in the department of the Marne ; nine 

 miles N.W.of Clialons-fur-Maone. — Alfo, a town of France, 

 in the department of the Orne, and chief place of a canton, 

 in the dillricT: of Domfront. The place contains 1945, and 

 the canton 11,126 inhabitants, on a territory of 207^ kilio- 

 metres, in 13 communes. 



IVY, in Botany, &c. (See Hedera.) The ivy is a 

 fmall well-known creeping or chmbing kind of plant. 

 From its property of fpreading rapidly over a furface, it 

 has been recommended as proper for protefting the faces of 

 earthen dikes, and other fimilar fences, as by this means 

 they are preferved from mouldering down and being de- 

 ftroyed. 



Ivy, in the Materia Medka. The leaves of ivy are fel- 

 dom ufed inwardly, but outwardly they are applied to iffues, 

 to keep them cool, and free from inflammation, as alfo to 

 fcabs, fores, and fcald heads. Mr. Boyle, in his ufe of 

 Experimental Philofophy, commends a large dofe of the full 

 ripe berries as a revnedy agaiiift the plague ; and it is faid, 

 that in the London plague, the powder of them was given 

 in vinegar, or white wine, with fuccefs ; and they have 

 been recommended in fmall dofes, as alexipharmic and fu- 

 dorilic. Schroder fays, they purge upward and down- 

 ward. The gum of ivy is fomewhat cauftic, and com- 

 mended' to take away fpots and freckles out of the face. 

 Tliis refinous juice, exuding from the ftalks of ivy, has 

 been recommended as corroborant and refolvent, in ca- 

 chexies and uterine obllrutlions ; but has been rarely ufed, 

 except as an ingredient in plallcrs ; nor does it appear to 

 poflefs any virtues which common relin has not in an equal 

 degree. 



l\\-rijn is brought from Pcrfia, and fome other of the 

 hot countries, where alone it is to be found in any confider- 

 able quantity. Mr. Ray, indeed, mentions fome of it hav- 

 ing been found on ivies in Worcefterfliire, and other authors 

 in other parts of Europe ; but thefe are only fmgular in- 

 llances of what may happen, our {hops being obliged to be 

 fupplied from the Eail. 



The' ancient Greeks were acquainted with this refin, 

 which they called lachryma hedert, as fome alfo do to this 

 day. It is faid to be emollient and detergent, and to make 



I X I 



a noble balfam for freth wounds ; but is never ufed by us 

 with thefe intentions. The Perfians efteem it hiuch as an 

 ailringcnt. 



Ivy, Ground, in Botany and the Ma.'eria Medka. See 

 Glechom.v. 



IVYtree of jinurka. See K.\LMI.\. 



Ivy, Petrified. See PETUiFACTroN-. 



\v\, Virginian. See Moonsef.d. 



JUXON, WiM.iAM, in Biography, was born at Chi- 

 chefter, but received his education at Merchant Taylors' 

 fchool, London, from whence he was removed to St. John's 

 college, Oxford, of whicli he was made a fellow in 1598, 

 and in 1621, he was eleftcd prefident. In 1627, he was 

 promoted to the deanery of Worcellcr, and in 1633, ap- 

 pointed clerk of the clofet to the king;, and in the following 

 year he obtained, through the interell of archbirtiop Laud, 

 the bifhopric of London ; and (hortly after he was ap- 

 pointed lord high treafurer. This laft promotion gave 

 general offence. His birth and character were de med too 

 obfcure for a man raifed to one of the higheil ofticos of the 

 crown ; neverthelefs, his conduft in that ftation was irre- 

 proachable. In the rebellion he fuffered the lofs, not only 

 of his eccleiiallical revenues, but of a great part of his 

 temporal eftate. In 1648, he attended the king upon the 

 fcaffold, after which he was taken into cuftody with a view 

 of forcing him to reveal any fecrets with vvhich his ma- 

 jefty had entrufted him ; but his prudence, integrity, and 

 honour, were fuperior to every art cxercifed upon him. 

 At the reftoration he was made archbifhop of Canterbury. 

 He died in 1663, at the age of 81, and was buried in St. 

 John's college-chapel, Oxford. He was a perfon of great 

 integrity, mlldnefs, and humanity, and endowed with an 

 excellent undeitlanding. Wood. Hume. 



JUXTAPOSITION, is ufed by philofophers to de- 

 note that ipecies of growth, which is performed by the ap- 

 pofition of new matter to the furface, or outiide, of old. 



In which fenfe, it ftandj oppofed to intuf-fufception ; 

 where the growth of a body is performed by tlie reception 

 of a juice within it, diffufed through its canals. See Nir- 



TRFTIOX. 



JUZCUR, in Geography, a town of Africa, in the king- 

 dom of Fez, on the coall of the Mediterranean ; 15 miles 

 W. of Mezemha. 



JUZENNECOURT, a town of France, in the depart- 

 ment of the Upper Marne, and chief place of a canton, in 

 the diftrift of Chaumont ; fix miles N.W. of Chaumont 

 The place contains 243, and the canton 6435 inhabitants, on 

 a territory of 272^ kiliometres, in 24 communes. 



IWAMI, or Skki.siu, a province of Japan. 



IWANCZOWICZA, a town of Lithuania, in the pala- 

 tinate of Kovogrodek ; 52 miles S.S.'W. of Novogrodek. ' 



IWANGROD, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 

 Braclaw ; 60 miles E.S.E of Bracl'aw. 



IWATA, a town of Ja;tan, in the ifland of Niphon ; 

 100 miles W. of ,Iedo. 



IWETPOUR, a town of Bengal ; 1; miles E. of Go- 

 ragot. 



IWIE, a town of Lithuania, in tlie palatinate of Wilna ; . 

 24 miles E. of Lida. 



IWNIC A, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Kiev; 

 60 miles W.S..W of Kiev. 



IXIA, in Botany, .Jia, the Greek name of tlie MifTehoe, 

 or Fifcum album. It does not appear why Linnsus adopted 

 it for the prefent genus Linn. Gen. 26. Schrtb. ^^. 



Willd. Sp. PI. V. I. 195. 



Vahl. En 



2. 49. Thunb. 



Dill", n. 8. Ait. Hort. Kcw. ed. 2. v. i, 86. Kcr. in Ann. 

 ef Bot. V. 1. 226. Curt. Mag. p. 1013. Mart.. Mill. Did. 



