K A L 



Kali, in the Mat.-iia Medlca. Sec Salsola and Soda, 

 and alio Alkaline. 



Kali, in Hindoo Mylholof^y, a name and form of the goj- 

 defs Parvati, confort of Siva, in his charader of Kal or 

 Time, which fee. Under this name and form fhe is of a ter- 

 rific appearance, and is thus defcribed in Moors Hindoo 

 Pantheon, p. 15 1. " Maha-kali, or the Great Kali, black 

 and dreadful, is encompaifed by fymbols of deftruftion : 

 two of her liands feem employed in the work of deatli : of 

 the other two, one appears pointing donnnvards, alluding 

 to the iiniyerfal havoc which furrounds her, while the other, 

 pointing upwards, feems to promife the refurreAion of na- 

 ture by a now creation. Siie is reprefentcd without a creicent 

 (the artificial meafurc of time), becaufc it is unnece(rary to her 

 charadcr as the hieroglyphic of eternity ; but the belief of the 

 Hindoos in fucccfiive deflruftions and renovations of the 

 univerfe (fee KAt.PA>, accounts for her wearing a mutid 

 w.ala, or necklace of ilvu'.ls, as emblems of thofe revolutions." 

 In th;it work ar.- many plates of this deity tinder various 

 names, incUiding Bhadrakali, as well as Maha-kali. Kali 

 is the Hindoo name of the Nde, in the vicinity of which the 

 Iccne of fonie of the Pur.mas is laid ; and they relate, in- 

 deed, that the river itfelf is but a transformation of Kali, 

 which, in Sanfcrit and other Indian languages, means hlacli ; 

 as does Nila, another of her names, or rather dctrk blue : the 

 following alfo arc names of this muhiform deity, and liave a 

 like meaning; Afita, Shyania, or Sliyamala, Mekara, An- 

 janabha, Krifhna. (Ibid. p. 15,.) Other plates in the lame 

 Avork, reprefenting the goddcfs, are thus defcribed : 

 "Plate 27. is taken from a brafs call depofited by the 

 author in the mufeum at the India-houfe : it is eighteen 

 inches high, including the pcdellal, which is about a foot 

 in diameter, fix inches deep and hollow, as if intended to 

 be fixed on fometliing ; and I was told fiich images are oc- 

 caflonally faflened on the top of the rat'h, a carriage dragged 

 about the ftreets on certain feftivals. Kali is laid to alfuine 

 this form to frighten finners into repentance and virtue : 

 her attitude feems a chacing one, affumed to caufe imme- 

 diate terror ; her limbs bend ; her liands are open, fingers 

 lengthened into points, ilretched out ; a ferpent forms her 

 girdle ; (he is naked, except a fcanty cloth, called p'tra, 

 round her middle ; her belly is empty, thin, and Ihrivelled ; 

 her brealls pendent, with long difgulling nipples ; a ferpent 

 convolves round her neck, and, twining on her bofom, pro- 

 jects its head to fupport lier protruded, long, rough tongue : 

 her chin is peaked ; immenfe teeth and tudcs are (i.^:ed in 

 her liplefs gums ; her noilrils and goggle eyes are diitendcd 

 and bloated ; fnakes form appropriate rings for her na!ly 

 cars, being knotted in the pendent lobes, with their heads 

 raifed, and their hoods expanded ; her hair is ilifr'ened out, 

 forming a frightful glory round her head, diverging to meet 

 a wider glory that rifes from a flower on each ilde, forming 

 a fupport to the figure. The call is of brafs ; and, how- 

 ever difgulling to the eye, is far from being devoid of merit : 

 our engraving is taken from an exaft portrait, and exhibits 

 confiderable exprefTiun." P. IJ9. 



" Plate 28. is from a very fine bronze image, about 

 a foot high, caft, I was informed, in the Carnatic. It was 

 prcfented to me by a Brahman, and is, I think, on the 

 whole, the moll elegant and bell finillied figure in my pof- 

 feffion. She is, in this form, called Bhadra-kali, Maha- 

 kah, and by other names; alfo, being eight-handed, Afhla- 

 buja. Two of her hands are empty, pointing upward and 

 dovvnward, in the poiition before noticed : one of her right 

 hands holds fometliing not unlike a caduceus, which, in the 

 eaft, it referables more nearly than in the plate ; its corrc- 

 fpoadi.ig left hand the Patra (fee Patiia) or cup: the. 



KAL 



next right and left hands, a fingular crooked fword, and a 

 fhield with an embofTed flower or fruit v tlio fuperior rigl t 

 hand has an agricultural implement, called nar^^o ; the left 

 the cordj!>i;j, or paflj (fee Pasji), to catch or ilrangle fin- 

 ners with. Her fine perfon is fuU dreffed, with a profufion 

 of ornaments ; between her full brealls a frve-hcaded ferpent 

 uprears itfelf ; flie has a necklace of human heads ; her ear- 

 drops arc elephants ; and a row of fnakes' heads peep over 

 her coronet. Her forehead is marked cither with Siva's 

 third eye ,fee Virvp.^ksha), or her own hieroglyphic ; and 

 her open mouth fhews her teeth and tufks, giving her a; 

 fierce and threatening afpeft." P. 160. 



KALININA, in Geography, a tovm of Ruflia, in the 

 government of Tobolllt, on the Tunguflca. N. lat. 6a~ 56'. 

 E. long. 106' 26'. 



KALIPH. See Caliph. 



KALISCH, or Kalitz, in Geography, a city in the duchy 

 of Warfaw, late the capital of a pal.itinate of the fame name in 

 Great Poland, or Wellern Pruffia, iiiuated on the Profna, 

 and furrounded with walls, towers, and morafifes. This pala- 

 tinate was Mo called the " palatinate of Gnefen," from the 

 city of that name ; 57 miles N.E. of Breflau. N. lat. 51 -50V 

 E. long. 18 . See Gxesen. 



KALITV.\, a town and diflrict of RsfTia, in the go- 

 vernment of Voronetz, fit'iated on tlie rivulet Kahtva y. 

 which falls into the Don ; 60 miles S S.E. of Voronetz. 



KALITVENSKAIA, a town of Ruffia, in th; country 

 of the CofTacks, feated on the Donctz. 



KALIYA, or Kalan'AGA, in Hindoo Mythology, a fer- 

 pent (lain by Krifhna, who, being the Sun, correfponds in 

 this, and many other inftances, with Apollo, the flayer of 

 Python, both of whom, according to Clemens, were adored 

 at Delphi ; and in like manner both Kriflina and Kaliya find 

 adorers in India, where, in honour of Krillina's triumph, 

 games and iports are annually held, as the Pvthic games 

 were at ftated times in Greece. I.,ike the Pythian ferpent 

 in the temples of Apollo, Kaliya-nag'a enjoys alfo his apo> 

 theofis in thofe dedicated to Kriflina ; nor, fays mr.ior Moor, 

 in his Hindoo Pantheon, whence we have taken this article, 

 " are arguments wanting toward identifying Serpentarius 

 on our fphere with his formidable foe, and the theatre of 

 the conflict, the river Yamuna, or Jumna, with the via 

 laftea. So the vai-iety of demons fent to annoy Kriflina, are, 

 perhaps, the allegorical monilers of the fky, attempting in 

 vain to obllruft his apparent progrefs through the heavens, 

 where other conflellations are fabled as fo many beautiful 

 nymphs ready to receive him, and have given rife to allegories 

 of his inconllancy." (See Krishxa.) Other names of this 

 mighty mythological ferpent are, Kaga, Sejlia, and Vqfoly, 

 which fee. 



KALIYANA-RAYA, a name of Vifhnu among the 

 Hindoos, of whom there is, under this name, a llatue at 

 Barra, on the banks of the Euphrates, which is faid to be 

 carefully concealed from the fight of tlie Mahometans. 



KALKAj or KalK-V-pir.\, in Geography, a river of 

 Chinefe Tartary, which, though one of the fmallell, gives 

 name to the KJhas. It rifes in a famous mountain, called 

 Suelki, or Siolki, which name may be applied to the ridge 

 that feparates the Kalkas from Chinefe Daouria, and which is . 

 1 30 miles W. dillant from Tcitcicar. This river empties it- 

 felf into the lake Coulan. 



KALKALLY, a town of Ilindoollan, in Dowlatabad j 

 20 miles E. of Nandcr. 



KALKAS, a tribe of Tartars, confiding formerly of 



more than fix hundred thoufand families, which inhabit the 



country that lies N. of the Mogul Taitars. Their country, 



8 wLi^h 



