K A L 



Trlijch ftretclies as far as the kingdom of the " Eljiithcs," 

 K near 300 leagues in extent from call to wefl. In this re- 

 gion tt-as anciently fitiiated, tewards the 45th degree of N. 

 latitude, the city of « Karakan ;" the Rat of the empire 

 of Tfchinghis-kan, and of that of his fucce(rors. The Kul- 

 kas live in tents along the banks of the rivers which water 

 their country ; of which the principal, tlioiigh they take 

 their name from Kalka-pira, are the Kerlon, Toula, Touy, 

 and Salinguc. The banks of thefe rivers are well inhabited, 

 and they flow through extenfive plains, which are covered 

 with rich paftures : their waters are very wholefome, and 

 abound with excellent filh, efpecially trout. The vaft defert, 

 called "Gobi," (which fee,) occupies almoft the whole 

 fouthem part of the country of the Kalkas. The war 

 which the king of the " Eleuthes" (fee Kalmuks) carried 

 on in 1688 againft the Kalkas almoft deftroyed the whole 

 nation. To avoid the purfuit of a fuperior enemy, they 

 fupplicated the affiftance of the Chinefe arms, and offered to 

 fubmit to the empire. Kang-hi undertook their defence, 

 conquered the king of the Eleuthes, and kept the Kalka Tar- 

 tars under his dominion, after having conferred upon their 

 princes different titles of honour. 



KALKA-TARGAR, a country of Chinefe Tartary, 

 which contains one clafs of Mongul Tartars. N. lat. 41'' 

 50'. E. long, no- 33'. 



KALKE, one of the Prince's idands, in the fea of Mar- 

 mora ; anciently called " Chalcitis," on account of its mines 

 of copper, which have been long neglected. On this ifland 

 are three large Greek monafteries. 



KALKI, in Hindoo Mythology, is the name given to an 

 expefted a-oatara, or manifeftation of the god Vifhnu. ( See 

 VisHSU.) The incarnations of this deity are numerous; 

 but ten of them are of more importance than the others, 

 and arc, for diilinftion, called the ten incarnations, dasavn- 

 tara. Of thefe nine are paft ; in the tenth, or Kalki, Vifhnu 

 is to appear mounted on a white horfe, with a drawn fcy.mitar, 

 blazing like a comet, to end the kali-yu^r, that is, the pre- 

 fent, or iron age, preparatory to a renovation of the w orld 

 with an era of purity, or fatya-yuij. (See YuG.) In pic- 

 tures, tiiis avatara is reprefented by a man leading a white- 

 winged horfe. It is alio called kalenki and afwah ; likewife 

 faid to mean a horfe ; but as kal is time, and in foveral dia- 

 leds means both j'efterday and to-morrow ; or, more exten- 

 fively, the paft and future, it is furniifed by the author of 

 the Hindoo Pantheon, p. 18S. that the name of kalki, ap- 

 plied to this ender and renovator of ages, may hare fome 

 allufion to that idea, rather than be confined to the form in 

 which he is to be manifefted. See Kal and Kali'A. 



■ K.A.LKISSEE, in Geography, a town of the ifland of 

 Ceylon ; 19 miles S. of Coiumbo. 



KALKOON, or Turkey Islaxd.s, a clufter of fmall 

 iflands in the Eaft Indian lea. N. lat. 6 15'. E. long. 



1 15' 45'- 



' K.ALL, ato.'.-n of Sweden, in Jamtland ; 42 miles N.W. 

 ofOl^erfund. 



K.ALLA, a fmall ifland on the caft fide of the gulf of 

 Bothnia. N. lat. 64" 20'. E. long. 33" 26'. 



■ KALLATM.A, a town of Egypt ; 15 miles N. of 

 CofTeir. 



' KALLERY, a town of Sweden, in the province of 

 Smaland ; 28 miles S.S.W. ef Jonkioping, 



KALLODRA, a town of Hindoollan, in Guzerat ; 16 

 miles N. of Sural. 



' KALLSK.AR, a fmall ifland in the N. part of the gulf 

 nf Bothnia. N. lat. 6f 43'. E. long. 23 3r)'._Alfo, a 

 fmall iilaud on the E. fide of the fan-.e gulf. N. lat. 63 ' 5'>'. 

 E. long.' 22^ 43'. — Alio, nnolhcr fniall ilbiid on the r:i:ne 



KAL 



fide of the gulf. N. lat. 63' 50'. E. long. 22°33'.— .\Ifo, 

 another fmall ifland on the fame fide of the gult. N. lat. 

 63 26'. E long. 21" 28'. 



KA LEVI KEN, a fmall ifland in tTie N. part of the 

 gulf of Bothnia. N. lat. 64" 18'. E. long. 21 7'. 



KALM, Peter, in Biography, a very celebrated na- 

 tur.-ilift, and pupil of Linnxus, the account of whofe tra- 

 vels, from having been tranflated into Englifh, is well 

 known in this country. He was a native of Finland, and 

 was borji in the year 17 1 J. Having imbibed a tafle for 

 the ftudy of natural hiftory, it appears that he pnrfued his 

 inclination with much zeal and induftry. His fu-ft re- 

 fearclies were rewarded by the difcovcryof many new plants 

 in Sweden, of which he gave fome account to the botanical 

 world between the years 1743 and 1746. He was parti- 

 cularly anxious to explore the virtues of plants, both with 

 refpect to their ufes in medicine, and in the ufeful arts, fo- 

 that planting and agriculture occupied fome portion of his 

 attention. His reputation as a natura'ift caufed him to be 

 appointed profeflbr at Abo, and in Odlobcr 1747, he fet 

 out upon his travels, failing from Gottenburg for America ; 

 but on account of a violent hurricane was obliged to take 

 Ihelter in a port of Norway, whence he could not depsrt till 

 the ciifuing February, when he proceeded immediately fof 

 London. From hence he went to North America, a.« we 

 learn from his book ; and having fpent two or '.hrce 

 years in exploriijg whatever was worthy of obfervatio.n in 

 that country, he returned to his profcfibrfhip at Abo in 1 75 1 . 

 The expences of this undertaking appear to Jiaye exceeded 

 what was allowed him by the Academy of Sciences, fo that 

 our author was obliged to live rather per.urioufly upon his 

 return. Yet we are informed that he found means to culti- 

 vate, in a imall garden of his own, fever:;l hundred plants, 

 for the ufe of the univerfity, as there was no public botanical 

 garden at Abo. " His difcoveries in botany very materially 

 enriched the Species Plantarum of his great matter, and the 

 Linnsean Herbarium abounds with fpccimens brought home 

 by him, dillinguifhed by the letter K." Haller enutncniles 

 a long hll cf tracts puLliflied by Ka'm, and his inaugural 

 differtation appeared in tiie Amanitates Academics of Einnaeus. 

 He was originally intended for the eccleliafh'cal profelTion, 

 but was drawn aiide from this purfuit by attending the 

 leiSlures of Linnxus on natural hiftory, given in the uni- 

 verfity of Upfal. Indeed, it was through the recommenda- 

 tion of Linnaeus that profeffor K.dm was fixed upon to un- 

 dertake the voyage to North America. He afterwards 

 made, at his own expence, a very extenfive tour into Rufiia, 

 the hiftory of which never appeared in print, but whicli is 

 fiippofed to have furniflicd confiderable matter for the work 

 ofaSwedifli writer, who pvblilhcd a book of travels in. that 

 kingdom. Kalm was a member of the Royal Swedifh .Aca- 

 demy of Sciences, and departed this life in the year 1779, 

 aged 64, His collection of dried plants, made in his various 

 journies, and doubllcfs valuable for the purpofes of botanical 

 inform.ation, is faid to remain in the hands of his family in a 

 itate of negled. Hall. Bibl. Bot. Aikin. Gen. Biogr. 



KALM I A, in Botany, a genus named by Linnsus in 

 honour of his friend and pupil Peter Kalm, D.D. profeffor 

 of Economy at the univerlitv of .Abo. (See Kalm.) Linn. 

 Gen. 2 17. Schrcb. 293. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 2. 600. Mart. 

 Mill. Diet. V. 3. Alt. Hort. Kew. v. 2- 64. JuT. 158. 

 Lamarck Didl. v. 3. 34J. lUuftr. t. 363. Gxrtn. t. 63. 

 — Clafs and order, Decandria Mamgyr.ia. Nat. Ord. ISi- 

 eorncs, Linn. Rhododendra, Jiifl. 



Gen. Ch. Cnl. Perianth inferior, fmall, permanent, divided 



in'o fii'e, fubovate, acute, roundifh fegirents. Cor. of one 



petal, falver or fu;inc!-(haped ; tube cylindrical. Ioniser than 



4 Q 2 the 



