K A L 



the calys ; limb with a flat diflc, the margin upright, five- 

 cleft half way down ; ten little horn-like cells projccling out- 

 wardly from the corolla, and finrounding it where the bor- 

 der is upright. Stam. Filaments ten, aVi-{hapfd, flightly 

 fpreading, a little fliortcr than the corolla, at whofe bafe they 

 are inicrtcd ; anthers with two pores. P'l/l. Germen fu- 

 perior, rourdifii, furrowed, ftyle thread-fhaped, longer than 

 the corolla, declining ; ftigmaobtufe. Pfric. Capfule fome- 

 what globofe, deprelTed, five-celled and five-valved. Seeds 

 numerous. 



EfT. Cli. Calyx in five deep fegments. Corolla cup-lhaped, 

 with ten prorainKnces. Anthers with two pores. Capfule 

 with fivo cells. 



T. K. lalifolia. Broad-leaved Kalmia. Linn. Sp. PL 560. 

 Curt. Mag. t. 17J. Sm. Inf. of Georgia, t. 37. — " Leaves 

 ovate-elliptical, ternate and fcattered. Corymbs terminal." 

 — Profeflor Kalm relates that he found this fpecies in various 

 parts of North America, and efpecially in the province of 

 Pennfylvania, on the fides of hills, and occafionally in woods, 

 which were enhvened by its foliage when mod other trees had 

 loll their verdure. It was covered with a profufion of beau- 

 tifnl blolfoms in the month ofMay.— i'/fm 10 or 12 feet 

 high, branched. Leaves rigid, bright green above, pale 

 beneath, on (hort footftalks. F/o-wtrs in a round bunch, 

 fitting very clofe to the branch, of a pale blufh-colour, va- 

 riegated beautifully with crimfon. 



2. K. angujltfulia. Narrow-leaved Kalmia. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 561. Curt. Mag. t. 331.— " Leaves lanceolate. Co- 

 rymbs lateral." — A native alfo of North America, flowering 

 from May to July — Stem from three to fix feet high, divided 

 into fmall woody branches, covered with a dark grey bark. 

 Leaves of a fhining green colour above, paler beneath, ob- 

 tufe, on Ihort footitalks, placed without order, varying in 

 breadth. Floivers in loofe, lateral bunches, of a bright red 

 colour when they fird open, but afterwards fading to a bluflt 

 , or peach-colour. — There are two varieties of this fpecies 

 mentioned in the Horlus Keivenjis, one with red, the other 

 with pale flowers. 



l- K. glauca. Glaucous Kalmia. Willd. n. 3. Curt. 



Mag. t. 177. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 2. 64. t. 8 " Leaves 



oppofite, oblong, fmoothifh, glaucous underneath, rcvolute 

 at the margin. Corymbs terminal. The little branches 

 two-edged. "—Difcovered by fir .Tofeph Banks at New- 

 foundland, and introduced into this country in 1767. It 

 flowers in April and May. — This_/7jrui is about two feet in 

 height. Stems branched, round, reddifli-brown. Leaves 

 embracing the ftem, each furniflicd with a broad, longitu- 

 dinal, yellowifli rib. Fkivers on very long ftalks, about 

 five or fix in a bunch, of a beautiful pink or rofe-colour. — 

 It much refembles lalifolia in habit, but is confiderably 

 fmaller, and of more hum.ble growth. 



4^ K. hirfula. Hairy Kalmia. Willd. n. 4. Curt. Mag. 

 t; 138 — "Leaves oppofite and alternate, elliptical, hairy. 

 Flower-ftalks axillary, fingle flowered. "^-A native of South 

 Carolina, in a fwampy foil. ■ It flowers in the autumn. — 

 Stem upright, flendcr, about three feet in height, branched. 

 Leaves fnuiU, bright-green, numerous. Floivers purphfli, 

 axillary, each grov/ing on a fingle Italk, though inaccurately 

 defcribed by Curtis and Martyn as being racemofc. The 

 general appearance of this fpecies is fomewhat fimilar to that 

 of ^iidromeila Dcboecii. 



■ This whole genus is remarkable for its elegant flowers and 

 foliage. It thrives well in a boggy foil, and is a general fa- 

 vourite in all gardens. 



Kalmia, in Gardening, comprehends plants of the hardy 

 evergreen flu-ubby kinds ; of which the fpecies moflly cul- 

 tiv;ited are, the broad-lcavcd kalmia (K. latifolial ; the nar. 

 7 



K A L 



row-leaved kalmia (K. angufliifolia) ; the glaucous kalmia 

 (K. gkuca) ; and the hairy kalmia (K. hirfuta). 



The value of the firft fort, which is an elegant flirubby 

 plant, is much leflened by its noxious properties. 



In the fecond kind, there are varieties, with pale and 

 deep red flowers, differing in their habit ; the latter, the moll 

 humble of the two, not only produces the moll bnUiant 

 flowers, but in greater abundance. This is faid to be poi- 

 fonous to fheep and cattle in its native fituation, America. 



Method of Culture. — Thefe different plants are capable of 

 being increafed by feeds, layers, and fuckers from the roots. 

 But the firft fort is moft commonly raifed from the feeds, 

 which are procured from America, and fown in pots or 

 boxes filled with light fandy mould, in the fpring feafon, and 

 plunged in an eaftcrly border, or in beds of light mould, in 

 the fame afpect. However, when placed in a gentle hot-bed 

 they fuccecd much better. They mull, notwithilanding, 

 be inured to the full air of the atmofphere during the fummer 

 feafon, having flieltcr in the winter from froll. As foon as 

 the plants have had two years growth, they may^ be removed 

 into feparate pots, in order to be continued two years longer 

 or more ; when they may be planted out where they are to 

 remain, in warm fituations in the open ground. 



The fecond fpecies is mollly increafed by layers, which 

 fliould be made from the young flioots, and laid down in the 

 early autumn. In a year or two, when they arc become 

 well rooted, they may be taken oft", and planted feparately 

 in pots filled with bog earth, or in a v.-arm bord-'r formed of 

 the fame fort of foil. This is a more hardy kind than the 

 former. 



The third kind is mollly increafed in the fame manner as 

 the firll, and demands a fimilar method of treatment. 



The fourth is capable of being raifed from layers, 

 but the plants are preferved with difficulty in this cli- 

 mate. 



Almofl all the plants are likewife capable of being in- 

 creafed by fuckers ; which fhould be taken off, and planted 

 out in the fpring, in nurfery rows, for two or tluxe 

 years, after which they may be removed to the places where 

 they are to grow. 



In the more hardy forts, thefe plants afford ornament and 

 variety, when properly placed in the fronts of clumps and 

 flirubbery borders ; and in thofe which are tender, in mix- 

 ture with other potted, green-houfe, and other fimilar plants. 



KALMOUA, in Geography, a town of Prutlia, in the 

 circle of Natangen ; 12 miles S.S.E. of Marggrabowa. 



KALMUCKS, Oeloets, or Eleuthes, a tribe of Tar- 

 tars, who affirm their home to have been between the Koko- 

 nor or Blue lake, and Thibet. Long before Tfchingis-khan, 

 according to the old reports of thefe people, the greatefl 

 andmightieft part of the Oeloets made a military expedition 

 weflward as far as the Lefler Afia, and there loft themfelves 

 among the mountains of Caucafus ; but the relt, who had 

 ftaid behind in Great Tartary, received from their Tartarian 

 neighbours, the name Khaiimak (tlie feparated). In fadt 

 they call themfelves alio Khalmik, though Oeloet is always 

 their peculiar denomination, which word likewife denotes a 

 feparated, disjoined, or diilinft nation. The Oeloets divide 

 themfelves, at leaft fince the deftruftion of the Mongolian 

 monarchy, into four main flioots, who denominate them- 

 felves Khofchot, Derbet, Soongarr, and Torgot ; and from 

 the time of their feparation from the Mongoles or Monguls, 

 they have been uniformly fubjedled to various princely 

 families. The major part of the " Kolchotan" Kalmucks 

 are faid to have remained in and about Thibet and on the . 

 Kokonor, and after the downfal of the Soongarian power 

 they have been under the prcteftion of ti;e Chinefc. Tiic 



fmalliir 



