K A L 



ranks ; the nobility, wliom they call white bones ; the com- 

 mon people, who are bondmen, and denominated black 

 bones ; and the clergy, defcending from both, who are 

 free. In like manner, the noble ladies are called white 

 fiefh ; and the common women black Ikfli ; but pedigrees 

 are only reckoned by the bones. The power of the 

 " Taidliia," or chief prince, confifts folely in the number 

 and opu'ence of his fubjecis ; territory being of no ellima- 

 tion in fo wide a region. Thefe fubjeds form an " Olufs," 

 divided into " Imaks," from 150 to 300 families; each 

 Imak being commanded by a " SailTan," or noble. If 

 there be a great khan, or emperor, the princes are only 

 guided by him in affairs of general importance. The tribute 

 is about a tenth part of the cattle, and other property ; but 

 on the Ihil fummons every man muft appear on horfeback 

 before the prince, who difmiffes thofe who ave unfit for the 

 fatigues of war. The weapons are bows, lances, and fabres, 

 and fom.etimcs ure-anns ; and the rich warriors are clothed in 

 mail of interwoven rings, like that ufed in Europe till the 

 I Jth century. But they cannot oppofe regular armies, and 

 are apt evt-ii to diforder that of their allies. Tooke's View 

 of the Rudlan Empire, vol. i. Groficr's China, vol. i. 



K^LMUNZ, a lonn of Bavaria, in the principahty of 

 Neuburg, at the conflux of the Vilz and the Nab ; 1 2 miles 

 N.N.W". of Ratiibon. 



KALNICK, a town of Ruffian Poland, in the palati- 

 nate of Braclavv ; 16 miles E.N.E. of Braclaw. 



KALO, a town of Hungary, fortified with a moat and 

 ballicns; 2 i miles S.E. of Tokay. 



KALOMBA, a town on the N. coafl:of the ifland Cum- 

 bava. S.lat. S'9'. E. long. 118'. 



KALOUKE, a town on the \V. coaft of the ifland Ce- 

 lebes. S. lat. 2^ 11'. E. long. 119" 15'. 



KALPA, in Hiniloo Chronology, an imaginary period, at 

 the end of which all things are abforbed in the Deity ; it 

 feems to mean a creation or formation. " The Hindoos 

 fay that it has been revealed, that from the beginning to the 

 end of things, when the whole creation will be annihilated 

 and abforbed into the Supreme Bein.;, there v> ill be five great 

 kalpas, or periods. We are now in the middle of the fourth 

 kalpa, fifty years of Brahma being elapfed, and of the re- 

 mainder the firft kalpa is begun. Thefe five great kalpas 

 include five hundred years of Brahma, at the end of which 

 nothing will remain but Bralim, or the Self-exi!ling. Every 

 kalpa, except the firit, is preceded by a renovation of the 

 world, and a general flood, Thefe five kalpas have five 

 deities, who rule by turns ; and from whom the kalpas are 

 denominated. Thefe five deities are Devi (or Parvati), 

 Surya or the Sun, Gancfa, Vilhim, and Ifwara or Siva. 

 Brahma has no particular kalpa : he is intimate to them all. 

 Each deity, in his own period, is called Kalfva-rupi, meaning; 

 with the countenance of Kal, or Time ; or Ch.ronus, as wel- 

 tern mythologilb would fay ; they having feveral ruling 

 deities of that name. We are now under the reign of the 

 fourth, Chronus, or in the kalpa of Viflinu ; who to create, 

 thought on Brahma to preferve ; he folters the whole crea- 

 tion in his own charader, and he will ultimately dejiroy it 

 through the intervention of Rridra, or Siva. It is declared 

 in the Puranas, that all animals and plants are the linga or 

 phallus of the prefiding Kalfva-rupi deity, and that at the 

 end of his own kalpa, he is deprived of his ling by his fuc- 

 ceflbr, who attradts the whole creation to himfelf, to fwal- 

 low it up, or devour it, according to wellern mythologifls ; 

 and at the end of his kalpa lie difgorges the whole creation. 

 Such is the origin of Chronus devouring his own offspring ; 

 of Jupiter difgorging it, through a potion adminiflercd to 

 him bv Metis, and of Chronus callratri- lus ov.-n father " 



K A M 



Moor's Hindoo Pantheon, (See K-AL.) We {hall extrad 

 no farther on this abilrufe point of Hindoo metaphyfics, in 

 the confideration of which great diiEculties are neceffarily 

 interooied. 



KALPA-DRUMA, the name given by Hindoo fabu- 

 lifts to a tree, fituated in the garden of Indra, called Nan- 

 dana, which, as well as others, yield all that is defired of 

 it. See lNDr,.\. 



KALSCHARPOVI, in Geography, a town of Ruffia, 

 in tlie government of Ufa ; 2S miles S.E. of Burgurullanfk. 



KALSOE, one of the Faroer iflands. 



KALTENBERG, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of 

 Konigingratz ; 20 miles N.W. of Gitfchin. 



KALTENBRUNN, a town of the duchy of Cour- 

 land ; 24 miles E. of Seelburg. — Alfo, a town of Bavaria, 

 in the principality of Sulzbach ; 12 miles N.E. of Sulz- 

 bach. 



KALTENSTEIN, a town of the bifliopric of Paffau ; 

 10 miles N. of Paffau. 



KALTHOF, a town of Pruffia, in the province of 

 Smaland, near Konigfoerg. 



KALUA, a town of Pruffia, in Pomeielia ; 8 miles E. 

 of Marienburg, 



KALUA DA, a town of the Arabian Irak, on the 

 Tigris ; 10 miles S.E. of Bagdad. 



KALUBBLUB, a fmall ifland in the Eaft Indian fea, 

 near the S.W. coaft of Mindanao. N. lat. 6 46'. E. long. 

 121 " J 2'. 



KALUGA, a city of Ruffia, and cnpifal of a govern- 

 ment, called " KaLilikoe," or "government of Kaluga,"' 

 lituated on the Occa ; a place of confiderable trade, and one 

 of the moft populous between Cherfon and Mofcow. N. 

 lat. ,4'= 28'. E. long. 36 2'. 



K ALVOL A, a town of Sweden, in the province of Ta- 

 vaftland ; 12 miles N.W. of Tavafthus. 



KALUOT, a fmall ifland on the E, fide of the gulf of 

 Bothnia. N. lat. 63° 21'. E. long. 21 ' 39. 



KALUTSKOE, or Government of Kaluga, vl government 

 of Ruffia, bounded on theN. bv that of Molcow, E. by tliofc 

 of Mofcow and Tula, S. by Orlov&oe, and W. by Sir.o- 

 lenlkoe, about 140 miles long, and from 30 to 90 broad, 

 divided into 12 diilriits. See Kallga. 



K.AMA. See Ka.mma. 



Kama, a fmall ifland in the N. fea, near the coaft of 

 Lapland ; 10 miles N. of Suroe, 



Kama, in Hindoo Mythology, is the god of love. " The 

 Hindoo ged,'' fays fir W. Jones, " appears evidently the 

 fame with the Grecian Eros, and the Roman Cupid : but 

 the Indian defcription of his perfon and arms, his family, 

 attendants, and attributes, has new and peculiar beauties. 

 According to the mythslogy of Hindoollan, he was the fon 

 of Maya, or the general altrading power, (fee Maya,) and 

 married to Reii, or Affeclion ; and his bofom friend is f-''a- 

 fanta, or Spring. (See thefe articles.) He is reprefented 

 as a beautiful youth, fomelimes converfing with his mother 

 and confort in the mid'l of his gardens and temples, fome- 

 times riding by moonlight on a parrot, or Imi, and attcnd.'d 

 by dancing girls or nymphs, the former of whom bear his 

 colours, which are a Jljh on a red ground. His favourite 

 place of refort is a trad of cou;itry round Agra, and prin- 

 cipally the plains of Matra ; where Krilhna alio and the nine 

 Gopca(fee Khishna), wiio are clearlythe Apollo and Mules 

 of the Greeks, ufually fpend the night, in mufic and dancing. 

 His bow of fugar-eane or flowers, with a ftring formed of 

 bees, and his five arrows, each pointed with an Indian blof- 

 fom of a heating quality, are equa'ly new and beautiful. 

 Ke has more than twenty names ; that of Kam. or Kama, 



flgliiiJcS 



