K A S 



lands, which divide the waters that fall into the Kafl{a(kia 

 river from thofe which fall into the river Illinois, and from 

 thence in a direft courfe to the mouth of the Illinois again ; 

 fv.ppofed to contain from lo to 12 millions of acres. The 

 whole was ceded in confideration of the annual addition of 

 ^o dollars to a hke fiim, which by the treaty of Green- 

 ville, the Kafkallcia tribe receives every year from the United 

 States, together with the refervation of 1580 acres near the 

 village of KatkafKia, for cultivation and domeftic purpofes; 

 Morfe. — Alfo, a river of the north-weft territory, wliich is 

 navigable for boats 130 miles. Its courfe is S.S.W., and 

 near its mouth it turns to the S.S.E. and falls into the Mifli- 

 iippi river, 84 miles from the Illinois. It runs through 

 a rich country, abounding in extenfive natural meadows, 

 and numberlefs herds of buffaloes, deer, &c. Along the 

 eafl fide of the river lie high grounds, the banks being 

 compofed of lime-ftone and free-ftonc, and from 100 to 130 

 feet high, divided in many places by deep cavities, through 

 which many fmall rivulets pafs before they fall into the Miiti- 

 fippi. The lides of thefe hills fronting the river are in 

 many places perpendicuhir, and appear hke folid pieces of 

 raafonry, of various colours, figures, and fizes. Morfe. 



KASKASKUNK, a town of tlie Delawares, between 

 Great Beaver creek and Alleghany river, in Pennfylvania ; 

 4c miles N. of Pittlburg. 



KASKEIRA, a town of Perfia, in the province of 

 Irak ; 25 milea N. of Sava. 



KASKINOMPA, a fmall river which runs W. into the 

 MilTifippi from TenefTee, in N. lat. 36' 28'. On the north 

 f;de of its mouth is an iron mine. 



KASKIS, a town of Sweden, in Tavaftland ; 30 miles 

 E. of Tavatthus. 



KASKO, a fmall ifland in the gulf of Bothnia, near 

 the coall of Finland. N. lat. 63^ 16'. E. long. 90' lo'. 



KASKOYAR, a fmall ifland in the gulf of Bothnia. 

 N. lat. 63 16'. E. long. 90' 10'. 



K-^iSNICH, a town of Perfia, in the province of 

 Khorafan ; 12 mi'es S. of Zauzan. 



KASR, a town of Egypt; 6 miles N.NW. of Afii- 

 mounein. 



Kasr Ahmed, a town of Tripoli, on the coaft ; 100 

 miles E. of Tripoli. N. lat. 32' 4'. E. long. 15' 20'. 



Kasr Kiafera, a town of Egypt, built on the ruins of 

 the ancient NicopoHs, on the coalt of the Mediterranean ; 

 -, miles N.E. of Alexandria. 



K ASS AN, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Yani, 

 on the N. fide of the Gambia ; 36 miles N.W. of Pifimia. 



KASSAR, an ifland of the Baltic, to the fouthw.rd of 

 Dago, with a chapel, about 11 vcrfts long and between 

 four and feven writs broad. 



KASSERAMANGALUM, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Baramaul ; 17 miles S. of Coveriporum. 



KASSGU'',;pE, a town of Hindooftan, in the Dooab; 

 24 miles N.W. of Pattiary. 



KASSINA, or Ca.si!na, a kingdom of Africa, fituated 

 N. of the river Nigi-r, between Bornou and Tombuctoo. 

 Tl-.e two empires of 13ornou and Kaflina extend northwards 

 towards Nubia, and comprehend a very confiderable fpace. 

 In both thefe empire:^, the fovereigns are Mahometans ; but 

 their fubjefts are faid more generally to adhere to the ancient 

 worfhip ; that is to fay, the lower orders arc, almoft uni- 

 verfally, Negroes. - Kaifma, till of late, was cfteeraed the 

 firll in power ; but though a thoufand villages and towns are 

 ilill included in its vaft domains, this empire is now confidered 

 much inferior to Bornou. The circumftances of foil and 

 climate, and thofe alfo which conftitute political charatter, 

 arc nearly the fame in both ; their prevailing winds arc the 

 7 



K A S 



fame ; their rains, which are periodical in each, though much 

 more profufe in Bornou, begin at the fame feafon ; the fame 

 grains are cultivated; the fame fruits (generally fpeaking), 

 are produced ; and except that no camels are bred to the 

 weft ward of the city of Kaffma, the capital of the empire, the 

 fame animals are reared. In both, the complexion of the 

 inhabitants is black ; their mode of building too is fimilar, 

 and their manners, though in fome refpefts more civihzed in 

 Bornou, have a general refemblance. Ea-^h cir the two 

 empires is formed by the fubjection of diflerent tribes or 

 nations to the dominion of one ruling people. The nature 

 of the government, and the laws which regulate its fuccef- 

 fion, are the fame in both. In both, the ruling people arc 

 Mahom.etans ; in both, the dependent nations are compofed 

 of converts to the Muffulman faith, and of adiserents to the 

 ancient worlliip ; and though at prcfent their languages are 

 different, the conquerors in both had probably the fame 

 original. The word Soudan, cxprelTing the land of the 

 Blacks, is by the Arabian geographers applied to the Ni- 

 gritia of European geographers ; but fome Africans reftriS 

 it to the empire of Calhna, which is N. of the Niger, and 

 others extend it to the Negro ilatcs on the S. of the river; 

 and wifiiing to exprefs the tranfcendent power and extended 

 rule of the emperor of Cafhna, they call him, with extrava- 

 gant compliment, the fultan of all Soudan. His real fove- 

 reignty is bounded on the N. by the n-.ountains of Eyre, 

 and by one of thofe diftrifts of the great Sahara, that furnifh 

 no means of ufeful property or available dominion ; on the 

 S. by the Niger; and on the E. by the kingdom of Zam- 

 phara, and the empire of Bornou. Its weftern limit is not 

 afccrtaiiied. There are fome circumftances of difference, 

 whicli, notwithftanding the general refemblance between 

 Bornou and Cafhna, diicriminate between them. The rains 

 are lefs violent in the latter than in the former. Cafhna ex- 

 clufively furnifhes the Bifhnah, a fpecies of Indian corn, tliat 

 differs from the gamphdly in the blended colours of red and 

 white which diftinguifh its grain. Its monkies and parrots 

 (animals feldom feen in Bornou) are numerous, and of 

 various fpecies. Tlie meridian of its capital is confidered as 

 a weftern limit, in that parallel of latitude, to the vegetation 

 of grapes and breeds of camels ; for between Calhna and the 

 Atlantic few camels are bred, and no grapes will grow. 

 The manners of the common people are leis courteous in 

 Cafhna than in Bornou ; and their games are leis exprefhve 

 of refleftion ; for their favourite play confills in tofhag up 

 four fmall flicks, and counting th.ofe that crois each otherj 

 as fo many points of the number that conftitutes the game. 

 But the circumftances of chief difcrimination between the 

 two empires, are thofe of language, currency, and certain 

 articles of commerce. Many words occur in one language 

 vfhich are not found in the other. The currency of Calhna, 

 like that of the Negro ftates S. of the N'ger, is compofed 

 of thofe fn all fhclls called cowries. Of thefe (hells, 2500 

 are ellimated as equal in value to a miktal of Fezzan, which 

 is worth about 75 piaftres of Tripoli, or \0s. i^d. fterling. 

 Among the few circumftances which charaifterize the trade 

 of Calhna, as diftniguiftied from that of Bornou, the mo ft 

 remarkable is, that the merchants of the former kingdom are 

 the fole carriers to other nations, of a fcarce and moft valu- 

 able commodity, which is only to be obtained from the inha- 

 bitants of the latter. For though the fa't of Bornou fupplies 

 the confumption of Caflina, and of the Negro kingdoms to 

 the fouth, yet its owners have abandoned lo the commercial 

 ailivity of the merchants of Agadez the v,hole of that pro- 

 fitable trade. The lakes, on the dreary fhores of which this 

 fcarce article of African luxury is found, are feparated from 

 Agadez by a march of 4^ days, and arc cncompaflfed on all 



fides 



