KEN 



brouglit to perfeftioii. Irifh potatoes thrive well ; but 

 fweet potatoes are raifed with difficulty. A fpecies of rye 

 was found by tlie firll fettlors growing wild in Kentucky, 

 and on the lands near the Ohio. It had a bearded ear like 

 the cultivated rye, the beard iomewhat longer, and the grain 

 lefs. The llaple commodities in this ftate are wheat and 

 tobacco ; but as the circumltances of diltance from a 

 market, and the difficulty of navigating the Miffiffippi, render 

 them unprofitable to the cultivators, they arc turning their 

 attention to the raifing of hemp, for which the foil is well 

 adapted. The rivers abound with fi(h of various forts ; 

 and as fuamps are rare in Kentucky, the reptiles which 

 they produce, fuch as fnakes and frogs, &c. are not nu- 

 merous. The honey-bee may be called a domeftic infeft, as 

 it is faid not to be found hut in civihzed countries. Ac- 

 cordingly, it is a common faying among the Indians, when 

 they fee a fwarm of bees in the woods, " Well, brothers, it 

 is time for us to decamp, for the white people are coming." 

 The quadrupeds, except the buffalo, are the fame as in Vir- 

 ginia and the Carolinas. The climate, if we except a few 

 places m the vicinity of ponds and low grounds, is healthy 

 and delightful. Their inhabitants do not experience the 

 extremes of heat and cold. In 1798 the greateft heat was 

 89 Fahrenheit. The weather in winter is fiuduating. Snow 

 feldom falls deep or lies long. The winter begins about 

 Chriftmas, and is never longer than three months, commonly 

 two, and is fo mild that cattle can fubfift without fodder. 

 Fahrenheit's thermometer feldom falls below 35 in winter, 

 nor rifes above 80 in fummer. The approach of the feafons 

 is gradual ; the fummer continuing till the m.iddle of Oflo- 

 ber, the autumn or mild weather till Chrillmas, and the 

 fpring appears to produce efFeft in March, and by the 

 middle of April, the foliage of the forells is completely ex- 

 panded. Kentneky has various minerals. A valuable lead 

 mine has been difcovered between Cumberland and Green 

 rivers. Marie, chalk, gypfum, and ochres are found in dif- 

 ferent places. The country affords alfo iron, copper, ful- 

 phur, nitre, copperas, alum, &c. From the caves on Green 

 river earth i.s coUefted for falt-petre ; and many of the in- 

 habitants manufaAure their own gun-powder. Iron-works 

 are eftablifhed. Paper-mills, oil-mills, fulling-mills, faw- 

 mills, and a great number of valuable grift-mills, are erefted. 

 Several valuable tanneries have been eftablidied in different 

 parts of the country. Attempts are made, on a large fcale, 

 for the culture of vincvards, and the introduftion of the 

 cotton manufafture. The falt-works are more than fuf- 

 ficient for the fupply of all the inhabitants, at a low price. 

 Confiderable quantities of fugar ai-e made from the fugar 

 trees. The amount of exports from this ftate, in ]8ei, was 

 626,673 dollars. Malt liquor, fpirits diftilled from corn and 

 rye, and the juice of the fugar.trce, mixed with water, con- 

 flitute the ordinary b ; orage of the country. No preference 

 is given to any one religious denomination in this country. 

 The Prefbyterians, Baptilts, and Methodifts, are the mofl 

 numerous. Among the natural curiofities of the country 

 may be reckoned the banks of Kentuckv- and Dick's river. 

 Here may be obferved 3 or 400 feet of folid perpendicular 

 rocks, in fome parts of the lime-ftone kind, or in others of 

 fine white rharble, curioufly chequered wiiti ftrata of allo- 

 nilhing regularity ; fo that the rivers appear like deep ar- 

 tificial canals. Their high rocky banks are covered with 

 red cedar groves. Caves have alfo been difcovered in this 

 country, feveral miles in length, under a fine lime-llone rock, 

 Supported by curious arches and pillars. Springs that emit 

 fufphureous matter have been found in feveral parts of the 

 country. Near Lexington are found curious fepuklires, full 

 of human bones. 



Uy the cor.ftitution of this ftate, formed and adopted in 



KEN 



1792, the powers of government are divided into three dif- 

 tindt departments ; legiflative, executive, and judiciary. 

 The le'i'lative is v.-fted in a general aflembly, confifting of 

 a ienar ..iid houfe of reprefentatives ( fee the beginning of 

 this article) ; the fupren-,e executive in a governor j the ju- 

 diciary in the fuprcnie court of appeals, and fuch inferior 

 courts as the legillature may eftablifh. The reprefeniatives 

 are ci. 'fen annually by the people ; the fenators and go- 

 vernor are choien for four years by eleftors appointed for 

 that purpofe ; the judges are appointed during good be- 

 haviour, by the governor, with the advice of the fenate. 

 The declaration of rights alTerts the civil equality of all ; 

 their right to alter the government at any time ; liberty of 

 confcience ; freedom of cledtions and of the prefs ; trial by 

 jury ; the fubordination of the military to the civil power : 

 the rights of criminals to be heard in their own defence ; tlu- 

 right of the people to petition for redrefs of grievances, to 

 bear arms, and to emigrate from the ftate. It prohibits nn- 

 reafonab'e fearches and feizures ; excefUve bail ; confine- 

 ment of debtors, unlefs there be prefumption of fraud ; fuf- 

 penfion of habeas corpus writ, unlefs in rebellion or inva- 

 fion ; ex poll fafto laws ; attainder by the legillature ; ftand- 

 ing armies ; titles of nobility, and hereditary diflinftions. 

 The legillature of Virginia, while Kentucky belonged to 

 that ftate, made provifion for a college in it, and endowed 

 it with very confiderable landed funds. There has been 

 fince eftabliilied a college at Lexington, called " Tranfyl- 

 vania," regularly organized and well endowed, having a 

 fund of 14,000 acres of land. The officers of the univerfity 

 are a prefident and two profefTors, in the literary depart- 

 ments ; three medical profefTors, in the fchool of medicine ; 

 and a profolTor of law : a divinity profefTorfliip has been alfo 

 contemplated. The library, fupphed chiefly by liber.il 

 gentlemen in England, amounts to near ,5000 volumes ; and 

 the pliilofophical apparatus is gradually enlarging. In 

 Lexington there is alfo a circulating library of about 

 1000 volumes. Schools, in feveral towns, are liberally en- 

 couraged and fupported. The diftance from Philadelphia 

 to Kentucky by land is from 7 to 800 miles ; from Balti- 

 more nearly 700 ; nearly 600 from Alexandria ; and up- 

 wards of 500 from Richmond. Morfe. 



KENTZINGEN, a town of Germany, in the Brifgau, 

 about a mile from the eaft fide of the Rhine ; 13 miles N.W. 

 of Friburg. 



KENYON, Lloyd, in Biography, was born at Grc- 

 dington, in Fhntihire, in the year 1733. He was educated 

 at Ruthin fchool in Denbighfliire, after which he was ar- 

 ticled to Mr. Tomlinfon, an attorney at Nantwich, in 

 Chefliire. When he had completed his clerkfliip, he entered 

 hinifelf a member of the fociety of Lincoln's Inn, and was 

 called to the bar in 1761. He now began to practife as a 

 conveyancer, and foon obtained a high reputation as a found 

 lawyer, which was the means of introducing him to notice 

 in tlie chancery court. Still, however, he made no figure 

 at the bar, till the trial of lord George Gordon, in 1 7S0, 

 gave him an opportunity for a full difplay of his talents ; 

 and from this moment he was looked up to with refpeft by 

 his brethren at the bar. In 1782, he was made attorney 

 general, and chief jnftice of Cheller ; and, much about the 

 fame time, he was returned to parliament for Hindon in 

 Wiltfliire. In 1784, he was appointed to the office of 

 mafler of the Rolls ; and on the rcfignation of the carl of 

 Mansfield in 1788, he v.-as, by the zealous recommendation 

 of lord Thurlow, raifed to the office of chief jnftice of the 

 king's bench, and ennobled with the title of baron Kenyon. 

 He died at Bath in April 1S02, leaving two fons, George 

 the prefent lord, and the honourable Thomas Kenyon. 

 Gent. Mag. 



KEOGANG, 



