KEY 



tion to the feven elTential founds of an o£lave ; and when any 

 other found is brouglit in, it is called ^oj'hj^ out of the ley. 



From which way of Ipeaking, viz. a fong's continuing 

 in, cr going out of the key, it may be obftrved, that the 

 whole otlave, with its natural fovinds, come under the idea 

 of a key ; though the fundamental or principal found is, in a 

 peculiar fenfe, called the key. 



In which lalt fenfe of the word key, (viz. where it is ap- 

 plied to one fundamental found,) another found is faid to 

 be out of the key, wlien it has rot the relation to that fun- 

 damental of any of the natural founds belonging to the con- 

 cinnous divifion of the oftave. 



Here too it mud be added, with refpcct to the two dif- 

 ferent divifions of the oAave, that a found may belong to 

 the fame key, i. e. it may have a juft mufical relation to the 

 fame fundamental in one kind of divifion, and be out of the 

 key with refpeft to another. 



Now a piece, of mufic may be carried through feveral 

 keys ; /. e. it may be given in one key, and be led out of 

 that into another, by introducing fomc found foreign to the 

 firft, and fo on to another : but a regular piece muft not 

 onh- relurn to the firft key, but thofe other keys too, mull 

 have a particular connection with the fufl. It may be 

 added, that thofe other keys muft be fome of tlie natural 

 founds of the principal key, though not any of them at 

 pleafure. 



As to the diftiniSions of keys, we have already obferved, 

 that to conftitute any given note or found, a key, or funda- 

 mental found, it muft have the feven effential or natural notes 

 added to it ; out of which, or their oftaves, all the notes of 

 tl'.e piece muft be taken, while it keeps withhi the key, ;. e. 

 within the government of that fundamental. It is evident, 

 therefore, there are but two different ipecies of keys, which 

 arife according as we join the greater or lefs third, thefe be- 

 ing always accompanied with the fixth or feventh of the 

 fame fpecies ; the third g, for inftance, with the lixth or fe- 

 venth g, ai.d the third / with the iixth and feventh I. 



This dillinftion is expreffed under the names oi Jljarp key, 

 which is that with the third ^, &c. and the _/?«/ key, which 

 is that with the third /, &c. : whence it is plain, that how- 

 many different clofes foever there be in a piece, there can 

 be but two keys, if we confider the effential difference of 

 keys ; every key being either flat or fliarp, and every 

 fliarp key being the fame, as to melody, as well as every 

 flat one. 



It mu(? be obferved, however, that in common practice 

 tlie keys are faid to be different, when nothing is confidered 

 but the different tone, or pitch of the found, in which tl'e 

 different clofes are made. In this fenfe, the fame piece is 

 faid to be in different keys, according as it is begun in dif- 

 ferent foundr, or degrees of tune. 



To prevent any confufion which might arife from ufing 

 the fame word in different fenfes, Mr. Malcolm propofes the 

 ■word mack to be fubilituted inftead of the word key, in the 

 former fenfe ; that is, where it exprelfes the melodious con- 

 ilitution of the oflave, as it coulifts of feven effential and 

 natural founds, befidcs the fundamental; and in regard 

 there are two fpecies of it, he propofes, that that with a 

 third g be called the greater mode; and that with a third /, 

 the lejpr mock: appropriating the word key to thofe founds 

 of the piece in which the cadence is made ; all of which may 

 be called different keys, in refpedl of tlieir different degrees 

 of tune. 



To diftinguifh then accurately between a mode and a key, 

 he give; us this definition ; -vi-z.. an oftave, witli all its na- 

 tural an 1 effential degrees, is a mode, with refpeft to the 

 cvuftitution, ox manner of dividing it j but with refpeft to 



KEY 



its place ib the fcale of mufic, i. e. the degree cr pitch o\ 

 tune, it is a key ; though that name is peculiarly applied to 

 the fundamental. 



Whence it follows that the fame mode may be with dif- 

 ferent keys ; :'. e. an ottave of founds may be railed in the 

 fame order, and kind of degrees, which makes the fame 

 mode, and yet be begun higher or lower ; i. e. be taken 

 at different degrees of tune, with refpeft to the whole, 

 wihich makes different keys ; and I'icc •verjd, that the fame 

 key may be with different modes, i. e. the extremes of two 

 oftaves may be in the fame degree of tune, yet the divifion 

 of them be different. 



'Keys alfo imply thofe little levers in the fore-part of an 

 organ, harpficiiord, or piano-forte, by means of which 

 wind is given to the pipes, and the jacks or hammers ftrikc 

 the firings of the inllrument. 



In large organs there are generally three fcts of keys ; 

 one for the great or full organ, one for the choir organ, and 

 one for the fwell and echoes. The long keys ufcd to be 

 black, and the fhort, or fiats and fharps, white ; but a con- 

 trary pradlice took place about the beginning of the laft 

 century. 



Key.s, in Sea Language, a name given to certain rocks ly- 

 ing near the furface df the water, particularly in the Weft 

 Indies. 



Key, a dry piece of tapering oak, driven into fcarfs to fet 

 them clofe. 



Key, in a Navsl Senfe. See Kay. 



Key, in Polygruphy, and Stcganography, denotes the al- 

 phabet of a cijiher ; which is a fecret known only to the 

 perfon who writes the letter, and him who deciphers it. 

 See Alphabet and Cipher. 



Some ciphers Imve a fingle key, where the fame charadlers 

 are ufed throughout ; in other ciphers, the characters aie 

 varied, and the key is doubled. 



Keys, a denomination given to the feeds of the afh. 



KKY-Lcugh, in Geography, a lake of Ireland, in the 

 northern part of the county of Rofcomm.on, near the town 



of Boyle. Tiu 



Boyle flows through this lake, which 



a beautiful piece of water, interfperfed with feveral iilands, 

 fome of them well wooded, and others highly cultivated. 

 It is fometimes called Kingflon lough. 



KEYNSHAM, a market town and parifli in the hundred 

 of Keynftiam, and county of Scmerfet, England, is five 

 miles eaft of Briftol, and feven weft of Bath", on the great 

 public roaa between thofe cities.. In the year i8co, the 

 town coufifted of 286 houfes, and contained 1591 inha- 

 bitants. Here was formerly a confiderable woollen manu- 

 faftory, bnt at prefent the ftaple trade of the town is 

 malting. An abbey was founded here, in 1 170, by William 

 earl of Gloucefter ; and at the diflblution was granted to 

 Thomas Bridges, fome of whole defcendants ftill have an 

 intereft in the lands annexed to it. The fub-ftratum of the 

 county is an immenfe rock ; in which are imbedded vaft 

 numbers of the cornu-ammonis, or fnake ftones. Many of 

 thefe are very large, and by the common people are be- 

 lieved to have originated from fome miraculous power. 

 The church is a large building. Here are a weekly market, 

 and two annual fairs. Colliufon's Hiftory, &c. of Somer- 

 fetfiiire. 3 vols. 410. 



KEYSLER, .John George, in Biography, a celebrated 

 traveller, was born at Thurnau, iu the county of Giech, 

 in the year 1683. He received a good education, and mani- 

 fclled, at an early period, a flrong attachment to the Iciences. 

 At a proper tune, and having laid in a good ftock of 

 elementary knowledge, lie was entered at the univerfitv of 

 Halle, where he ftudied jurifprudence, without neglecting 



the 



