K H A 



copper mountains commence where the Khamies-berg ends, 

 the whole furface of which is faid to be covered with mala- 

 chite, or the carbonate of copper, and cupreous pyrites. 

 But the ores of thefe mountains, though abundant and rich, 

 are of no great value on account of the total want of every 

 kiad of fuel to fmelt them, as well as of their very great 

 diftance from the Cape, and from there being neither bay 

 r.or river, where they could be put on board of coafting 

 veffels. In the Khamies-berg is alfo found, in large blocks, 

 tiiat beautiful fpccies of ftone, to which mineralogifts have 

 given the name of Prehnite. 



KHAMIR. SeeCiiAMiR. 



KHAN, or Kan, the name of an officer in Perfia, 

 anfwering to that oi governor in Europe. There are khans 

 of provinces, countries, and cities, who have different ad- 

 ditions to diftinguifh them. In the language of the north 

 of Afia, this title exprefles the full extent of the regal 

 dignitv. ^ 



KHANAKA, a town of Kharafm, on the Gihoif; 250 

 miles S.W. of Samarcand. 



KHANGA, El, a town of Egypt, formerly enriched 

 by the caravans which pafl'ed from Cairo to Syria, and 

 containing about 1 000 inhabitants; 12 miles N. E. of 

 Cairo. 



KHANUDUM, a large lake of Perfia, in the province 

 of Adirbeitzan, 60 miles long and 30 broad ; called alfo 

 the lake of Urmia ; 30 miles S.W. of Tabris. 



KHAR.^, a malignant being, according to Indian le- 

 gend?, who commanded a legion of 14,000 demons, like 

 himfelf, in the wars of Lanka, as Homerically defcribed 

 in the Rama-yana. He efpoufed the caufe of Ravena, and 

 was with his followers dellroyed by Rarr.a. 



KHARASM, CiiARASM.or Khurhm, in Geography, a 

 country of Afia, bordered on the N. by Turkeftan, on the E. 

 by Great Bucharia, on the S. by Chorafan, or Korafan, and 

 on the W. by the Cafpian fea ; extending from the Gihon, 

 or Amu to this fea, and terminating N. and S. in wide de- 

 ferts. Its chief town is Khiva. This country is about 

 35'0 miles in length and breadth, and in the time of Zingis, 

 was a powerful kingdom, including at that time Korafan, 

 and a part of Great Bucharia. D'Anvil e fuppofcs, that 

 this country was the Chorafmia of antiquity, and he fup- 

 pofes Korafan to have been the feat of the Parthians. In 

 the loth century, Ebn Haukal calls this country Khuarezm, 

 and fays that the river Gihon flows into the lake of Khu- 

 arezm, while he terms the Cafpian the fea of Khozr. We 

 have reafon to believe, that the deferts, probably occafioned 

 by the decompofition of hills of fand-ftone, have increafed in 

 Kharafm ; and thefe encroachments may be eftimated from 

 the hiftorians of Zingis and Timur. At prefent this Hate is 

 almoft rellriaed to the dillrift of KLnva (which fee), the 

 circuit of which may be performed on horfeback in three 

 days ; but there are five walled cities or rather towns within 

 half a day's journey of each other. The inhabitants are Tur- 

 comans and Ufteks, bcfides the Sarts, which perhaps is an- 

 other name for the Tadjiks. The khan is abfolute and al- 

 together independent of any other power, except the MuUa 

 Baflii, or high prieft, by whom he is controlled. The 

 Kievinfki Tartars differ very httle from the Kirgeefe or 

 Kirgkifcs (whicli fee), btit furpafs them in cunning and 

 treachery. Tiieir manners are the fame, only that the Ivir- 

 geefe live in tents, whiUl the others inhabit cities and 

 villages. Their only trade is with Bokhara and Perfia, 

 vrhithcr they carry cattle, furs, and hides, all which lliey 

 have from the Kirgeefe and Turcoman Tartars, who are 

 «rflen very troublefome neighbours to them. The place 

 itfelf produces Httle more than cotton, lamb-furs of a very 



K H A 



mean quality, and a fmall quantity of raw filk, fome 

 of which they manufafture. Hanway, cited by Pinker- 

 ton. (See Khiva.) The hiftory of Kharafm has been 

 well ilhiftrated by its king, or khan, Abulghazi, in his ge- 

 neral hiftory of the Tartars, written about the year 1660.. 

 See his biographical article. 



KHAREJITES, the firft heretical fea among the Ma- 

 hometans, which revolted from Ali in the 37th year of the 

 Hegira ; and hence their name, which fi^ni lies " revolters,'' 

 or " rebels." This feft commenced with 12,000 men, who- 

 abandoned Ali and his caufe, after having fought under 

 him at the battle of SefFein, taking offence at his fubmitting- 

 the decifion of his right to the caliphate, which Moawiyah 

 difputed with him, to ai-bitration, though they themfelves 

 had firft obliged him to do it. They were alfo called Mo- 

 hakkemites, or Judiciarians j becaufe the reafon which they 

 gave for their revolt w'as, that Ali had referred a matter 

 concerning the religion of God to the judgment of men, 

 whereas the judgment, in fuch cafe, belonged only to God. 

 The herefy of the Kliarejites confifted in two particulars j 

 T'/a. I. That they affirmed a man might be promoted to the 

 dignity of Imam, or prince, though he was not of the tribe 

 of Koreifli, nor even a freeman, provided he was a juft and 

 pious perfon, and endowed with the other requifite quali- 

 fications, and alfo held,thatthelmam, if he turned alide from 

 the truth, might be depofed or put to death, and that there 

 was no abfolute neceffity for any Imam at all in the world. 

 2. That they charged Ali with fin, for having left an affair 

 to the judgment of men, which ought to have been deter- 

 mined by God alone ; and went fo far as to declare him 

 guilty of infidehty, and to curie him, on that account. 

 In the following year, iv's. the 3Sth of the Hegira, all 

 the Kharejites, who perfifted in their rebellion, to the num- 

 ber of 4000, were cut to pieces by Ali. Nine of them are 

 faid to have efcaped, two into Oman, two into Kerman, 

 two into Segeilan, two into Mefopotamia, and one to Tel- 

 Mawrun ; and to have propagated their herefy in thofe 

 places, the fame remaining there to this day. The princi- 

 pal fefts of the Kharejites, befides the Mohakkemites al- 

 ready mentioned, are fix ; which, differing in other refpefts, 

 agree in abfolutely rejefting Othman and Ali, preferring 

 the doing of this to the greateft obedience, and allowing 

 marriages to be imparted on no other terms ; that they 

 account thofe who are guilty of grievous fins to be infidels ; 

 and that they hold it neceffary to refill the Imam when he 

 tranfgrefTes the law. Sale's Koran, Introd. 



KHAT.\NGA, in Geography, a river of RiifTia, that hasits 

 fource in a lalce in the government of Tobol.'k, about 68 N. 

 lat. and 110 long ; and in 1 20 long, rulhes into a large bay 

 of the Frozen ocean, called Khatanlkaia Guba. Tins river 

 purfues the greateft part of its courfe through a low and 

 very marlhy country ; and the molt confiderable rivers which 

 add to its waters are the Kheta and the Potigan. 



KHATOUN-SER.AI, a town of Aiiatic Turkey, in 

 Caramania ; 12 miles S. of Cogni. 



KHAUAR, or Cheveu, a townof Perfia, in the pro- 

 vince of Irak, feated on a mountain, which terminates the 

 province of Irak towards Mazanderan, and gives name to a 

 pafs, called the Strait of Khauar ; 2co miles N. of If- 

 pahan. 



KHAUASH, a town of Perfia, in Segeftan ; 18 miles 

 N.ofZareng. 



K HAUL .AN, a fmall diftrift of Arabia, in the province 

 of Yemen ; a few leagues S.E. of Sana. It is governed by 

 an independent fcheick, the reprefentative of a veiy an- 

 cient family ; who ordinarily refides at Beit Rodsje, a fmall 

 town in his own dominions. Several places which once be- 

 longed 



