K II I 



K II O 



riff'i 



longed to the prince of Kliaulan have been gradually an- hijjher than the houfes, with turrets at feifll diflances, and 

 iiex.-d to the dominions of the Imam. — Alfo, a fmall dilliift a broad deep ditch full of water. It occupies a confidcr- 

 oi" Arabia, lyinj; among the niountains weftvvard from Saade, able fpace, and commands a pKafant profpcd of the adjacent 

 days journey from plains, which the iiiduftry of the natives has rendered very 

 fertile; but the houfes are low, moilly built with mud, the 

 roofs flat, and covered with earth. Tlie city of Urghenz, 

 which was formerly the capital of Kharafir, is now in ruins, 

 with only a mofquc remaining. The mofl fouthern town in 

 the dominions of Khiva is Az^irift, or Hazarafp, which 

 adjoins to the great defart, called Karakum, which fee. 

 Khiva is faid to itand at the dii'ance of 17 days from the 

 Cafpian fea, and from Orenburg ^^, computing the day's 

 journey at 40 verlls ; equal, by Hanway's account, to 17 

 Britilh miles ; fo that the diftance of Khiva from the C;if- 

 pian would be 459 Britiih miles, while our maps fcarcely 

 „n .- T_ .•„_ 1.1 _r i.-i ■ _ n- I 1 , ' 



the road from Sana to Mecca, ft 

 Hall, the extreme city upon that fide of the fli 

 tory. It has an independent fcheick. 



KH.AZARES, the name of a bold and powerful Turk- 

 i(h tribe, which liril occupied the ilUimus of Caucafus be- 

 tween the Cafpian and the fea of Azof. In the feventh 

 century they began to be famous, and till towards the mid- 

 dle of the ninth century their ftate was increafinjf and flou- 

 rilhing. About that time the empire of the Khazares ex- 

 tended from the Volga and the C^.fpian, acrofs the Cauca- 

 fian illhmus, the pcniiifula of the Krimea, and what is now 

 the fouth of RuiSa, as far as to Moldavia and Walachia; and 



feveral Slavonian tribes, particularly the Pohanes about allow 300. In 1739, the khan of Khiva aflcmbled an army 

 Kief and on the Dnieper, the Severans, on the rivers Defna, of 20,000 men, to ojipofe Nadir ; but the city furrendercd 

 Sem, and Sula, the Viatitfches on the Oka, and the Ri.di- at dilcretion. According to the informati n of Pallas, the 

 mitfches on the Soiha, were tributary to them. But after people of Khiva bring to Orenburg confiderable quantities 

 tlie year 862, three nations effected their downfal ; ii'iz. the of raw cotton. But the coalts of the Cafpian are held by 

 Rufhans, the Petfchenegrans, and the Uzes. The Varagian fome remains ef Turcomans in the north, and by Ufbeks in 

 or Ruffian leaders, OIkold and Dir, raviihed from them the the fouth. A more confiderable trade is maintained wi;h 

 dominion over the Polianes ; Oleg, in 884, reduced the Se- 

 verans and the Radimitfches to his authority. His fucceffor, 

 in 964, conquered the territory of the Viatitfches and the 

 rine Khazarian countries on the illhmus of Caucafus. The 

 Khazares loil the refidue of their dominion about 1016, 

 to the combined forces of the Ruffians and Romans of the 

 eaft. The nation, indeed, continued for fome time longer, 

 but they were fubmiifive and tributary to the Ruffians. 

 Tooke"s Ruff. Emp. vol. i. 



KHAZINE, the grand feignior's treafury. See Trea- 

 sury, and ExcHEQVKK. 



Here are kept regiilers of receipts, accounts of provinces, 

 in drawers, marked with the years, and the places' names : 

 here is alfo kept part of the emperors wardrobe. 



Everj' day of the divan tiiis tieafury is opened, either to 

 take out, or put lometliing in ; and the principal officers, 

 who have the charge of it, are all to afful at this opening. 

 The tchaouch-bachi, in their prefcnce, firft breaks the wax 

 with which the key-hole had been fealed up, and carrying it 

 to the grand vizir, that minifter full kiffes it, and then draws 

 out of his bofom the grand fcignior's gold feal. In the mean 

 time he looks narrowly after the officer, who, when he has 

 done liis bufinefs in the treafury, locks and feals up the 

 place,- and returns the feal to the vizir with the fame cere- 

 mony as before. 



Befides this, there are other apartments for the money, 

 where the officers are never allowed to enter with any clothes 

 that have pockets in them. 



KHEIR, in Geography, a town of Hindooflan, in the 

 countrj' of Vifiapoiir ; 18 miles N. of Poonah. 



KHEIVAN, a town of Arabia, in a diftrift of the fame 

 name, in the extenfive country of Hafchid-u-Bekil, is re- 

 markable for having been the feat, firll of the Hamjare mo- 

 narchs, and afterwards of the Imams. Ruins of a very an- 

 cient palace are iiili to be feen there. 



MangvfAak, which fee. As the merchants of Khiva 

 brought gold and gems to Aftrachan, probably from the 

 two Bucharias, an idea was fuggefted to Peter the Great, 

 that thefe precious produds were fotind in Kharafm, in cor- 

 fequence of which he attempted a fettlement. But the Ruf- 

 fians, to the number of 3000, advancing under the command 

 of a Circafhan prince, called Beckawitz, towards Khiva, 

 were all cut off by the U(bi-ks. Upon this occafian, as it 

 has been faid, thefe Tartars changed the courfe of the Khefel 

 or Kczil, which formerly fell into the Cafpian ; but as this 

 river is isn the E. of the Gihon, it is clear that it could 

 not pafsthat river to join the Cafpian ; and in the loth cen- 

 tury the Gihon is known to have flowed into the Aral. It 

 is_not improbable that, before the deferts encroached on 

 Kharalm, one or two rivers might have run to the Qaf- 

 pian from the eaft ; or perhaps tliefc fables may have arifen 

 from one or two fmall branches of the Amu having joined 

 that fea. Pinkerton. Khiva is 260 miles N.W. of Sa- 

 marcand. N. lat. 41'' 7,0'. E. long. jS' 25'. 



KHILLI, a cape on the N.E. coaff of the ifland of 

 Negropont. N. lat. 38 36'. E. long. 24 4'. 



KHILLIS, a town of Syria, governed by an Aga; 

 which, fome years ago, was created into a pachalic, to" rc- 

 flrain the Arabs ; but the. pacha being defeated, it was 

 again put under an Aga. It is filuatcd at the foot of 

 Mount Taurus, and is a celebrated market for cotton ; :S 

 miles N N.W. of Aleppo. 



KHIRTIPOOR, a town of Nepaul, the rcduflion of 

 wliich coif the conqueror fo much trouble, that in refent- 

 ment of the refiftance made by the inhabitants, he cut off all 

 the men's nofes. Col. Kirkpatrick, at the diftance oi i\ 

 years, was reminded of this aft of barbarity, by obfcrving 

 that a great proportion of the people appointed to tranfporL 

 his baggage acrofs the hills were deprived of their nofes. 

 To perpetuate this exploit, the fovereign ordered the name 

 KHEMLASA, a large walltd town of Hindooflan, of tlie place to be changed to Nalkatapoor, which fignifies 



adjoining to which is a fort, built upon a hill. It belongs 

 to the diitrict of Sagur, which is diltant about 17 cofs to 

 the fouth eailward. 



KHIEBAR, or Keibar. See Hedjas. 



KHIEVA, or Khiva, a diftrid of Kharasm, which 

 fee. — Alfo, the capital of this diiirid and of Kharafm, fitu- 

 ated on a rifing ground, W. of the river Gihon, and having 



the town of m.en without nofes.' 



KHONDEMIR, in Biography, a celebrated Perfian 

 hiftorian, who obtained the patronage of the emir Ali Sliir, 

 a lover and proteiitor of men of letters, whom he infpircd with 

 a paffion for his own favourite purfuit, and with the defire 

 of forming a coUedlion of the principal writers in this clafs 

 of fcience. The great objecl which Khonderair had in view. 



three gates, and a very thick, Itrong wall of earth, much was to facilitate the fludy of. hi.ftory by drawing it up in a 



5 B 2 more 



