K. I D 



to make bye-lawS for tlic government of the body-corporate 

 and the trade of the town. It formerly fent members to 

 parliament. A market is held on Tliurfdays for all forts 

 of grain ; but this article is now chiefly difpofed of by fam- 

 ple : here are four annual fairs. The church, a large tlruc- 

 ture of great antiquity, is capable of containing more than 

 two thoufand perfons. In the choir are feveral ancient mo- 

 muments belonging to the Bounts and Cookcfcys ; alfo a 

 crofs-legged effigy of the late fir Thomas Afton. The 

 tower is a llrong and lofty pile. The grammar-fchoo!, to 

 which all the inhabitants have the privilege of fending their 

 children free of expence, is at the eail end of the choir of the 

 church : the preceptors, one dcfcribed in the charter as the 

 high, the other as the low mafter, are elefted by certain 

 feoffees, to wliich the confent of the bifliop is always necef- 

 fary : their annual ftipend, upwards of 150/., ariVcs from 

 buildings and lands with which the fchool is endowed. 

 The town-hall, which is principally conftruftcd of brick, 

 is roomy and elegant : a portion of the lower part is ufed 

 as a priibn, but to the credit of the town, it is very rarely 

 occupied : on what is called the ground-floor are eredled 

 ftalls for the butchers : and, above is the council- chamber 

 for tranfacting the bufinefs of the corporation. Kidder- 

 minfter, by the late inland navigation, has communication, 

 by the jundion of the Severn canal, with the rivers Merfey, 

 Dee, Ribble, Oufe, Trent, Darwent, Severn, Humber, 

 Thames, Avon, &c. ; which navigation, including its wind- 

 ings, extends above five hundred m:les. The river Stour rifes 

 in the celebrated groves of the Leafowes, near Hales Owen, 

 diftant from hence about twelve miles, and after forming a 

 large refervoir at a village called Cradely, proceeds through 

 Stourbridge, Kinver, and Wolverley, and enters Kiddermin- 

 fter on the north fide, tracing nearly its whole length, and 

 thereby dividing it into two unequal parts. Over this little 

 river, whofe length is not more than twenty miles, part of 

 which was once navigable, are now erefted a great number of 

 forges, flitting-mills, corn-mills, and other works of confider- 

 able utility : and to the fitnefs of its waters to the purpofe of 

 dyeing is attributed, in a confiderable degree, the unequalled 

 luftre of the colours of the yarn ufed in the feveral branches 

 of the weaving manufuftory here, which, on this account, is 

 juftly efteemed an inexhauftible fource of wealth to the in- 

 habitants. The Staffordihire and Worceftedhire canal, com- 

 pleted in the year 1774. at the expence of 105,6)00/., crofles 

 the Stour within one hundred yards from Kidderminller 

 market-place. In this town are three refpeclable reading 

 focieties for cultivating the ta(te of the wealthier inhabitants ; 

 and the inllruction of the poor is not forgotten ; for, ex- 

 clufive of feveral Sunday fchools, no lefs than eight charity 

 fchools are eftabliflied. Here are alfo twelve alms-houfes, and 

 other charitable endowments. At Roui:d-!iill, in this town, is 

 a chalybeate fpring of great medicinal virtues ; and in the vi- 

 cinity are feveral others, of which that at Sandburn is the 

 llrongeft. Britifh Direftory, vol. iii. ' The name of Baxter 

 was long held in veneration in this toyn. See liis article. 



KIDDERS, thofe that badge or carry corn, dead vic- 

 tuals, or other mcrchandife, up and down to fell : every 

 perfon being a common badger, kidder, lader, or carrier, 

 &c. fays the ftat. 5 Eliz. cap. 12. And they arc called 

 kiddicrs, 13 Eliz. cap. 25. 



KIDDLE, or KiDEi., Kidellus, a dam or weir in a river, 

 with a narrow cut in it, for the laying of pots, or other 

 engines to catch fifli. 



The word is ancient ; for in Magna Charta, cap 24. we 

 read, " omnes kidelli depnnantur per Thamefiam & Med- 

 weyam & per totam Angliam, nifi per cofleram maris." 

 And by kiug John's charter, power was gianted to the city 



K I D 



of London," de kidcllis amovendis per Thamefiam & Med- 

 weyam.'' A furvey was ordered to be made of the weirs, 

 mills, Hanks, and kide'ls, in the great rivers of England, 

 ( 1 Hen. IV.) Fifliermen of late corruptly call thcfe dams 

 kettles ; and they are much ufed in Wales, and on the fea- 

 coalls of Kent. 



KIDDOW, in Ornithology, the mod common Engliih 

 name of the lomwia, a web-footed bird, common on our 

 fliores, and called in different places the guillemot, or guillem, 

 and the fea-hcn and ikout. See Coi.YMnt'.sV/W^. 



KIDED, in ylgricullure, a term provincially applied to 

 the pods of beans. 



KIDELIA, in Geography, a town of RufTia, in the go- 

 vernment of Viborg, on the N. coaft of lake Ladoga ; 48 

 miles N.N.E. of Kexholm. 



KIDEROW, in Rural Economy, a term that fignilies a 

 place for keeping a fucking-calf in. 



KIDESjin Geograpliy, a town of Sweden, in the govern- 

 ment of Kuopio ; 83 miles S.E. of Kuo];io. 



KIDGE, a fortified town of Perfia, in the province of 

 Mekran. N. lat. 26*^ 30'. E. long. 61° 10'. 



KIDN.\PPERS, C.\PE, a cape on the E. coafl of New 

 Zealand, difcovered in 1769, and thus named by captain 

 Cook, from an attempt made hy the inliabitants to carry a 

 boy from the Endeavour. It is remarkable for two white 

 rocks like hay-llacks, and high while cliffs on each (ide. S. 

 lat. 39° 4^. W. lonjT. 182"^ 24'. 



KIDN-iPPING, in Laiv, is the offence of a forcible 

 abduftion or flealing away of a man, woman, or child, frora 

 their own country, and fending them into another. This 

 offence was capital by the Jcwifli law. (Exod. xxi. t6.) 

 So likewife in the civil law, the offence of fpiriting away 

 and flealing men and children, which was callled " plagium," 

 and the offenders " plagiarii," was puniflied with death. 

 (Ff. 4S. 151.) This is unqueflionabiy a heinous crime, as 

 it robs the king of his fubjetts, banirties a man from his 

 country, and may in its confequences be produ6kive of the 

 mofl cruel and difagreeable hardfhips ; and, therefore, the 

 common law of England has punifhed it with fine, imprii 

 fonment, and pillory. (Raym. 474. 2 Show. 221 Skin 47. 

 Comb. 10 ) Alfo, if a mailer of a fliip (hall, during his 

 being abroad, force any perfon afhore, or wilfully leave him 

 behind, or refufe to bring home all fuch men as he earned 

 out, if able and defirous to return, he (hall fufter three 

 months imprifonment. 11 & I3 W. III. c. 7. 



KIDNEY, in Anatomy, a glandular body, fituatcd in the 

 abdomen, and fecrcling the urine. 



The urinary apparatus confills of two fecretory organs 

 (the right and left kidnies), by which the urinary fluid is 

 feparated from the blood ; of two membranous tubes ^the 

 ureters) by which this fluid is conveyed into a large muf- 

 culo-membranoas refervoir (the urinary bladder) ; and of a 

 canal (the urethra) by which this refervoir is evacuated at 

 various intervals. The latter conveys the feminnl fluid alfo 

 in the male fubjed, and is therefore dcfcribed in the article 

 Gkneration. The different arrangement and conforma- 

 tion of the female generative organs occafion the ure.hra 

 to affume a very different form ; it is here entirely uncon- 

 nected with the generative functions, and we (liall therefore 

 dcfcribe it in the prcfent article with the bladder. 



The cffential parts of the urinary apparatus corrcfpond 

 nearly to thofe of the biliary organs ; but there are fomc 

 remarkable differences. The liver is always a fiugle organ. 

 There are almoft conflantly two kidnies. The prf.portions 

 of .the fecretory organ and the refervoir arc invcrfe in the 

 two cafes : the liver is fo large as tp exceed probably all 

 the other glands in the body put together : the gall-bladd.-r 



