K I G 



nerall)' (laty. Its fragments are indeterminate and fliarp. 

 edited, often trapezoidal. It is opaque, moderately hard, 

 and eaiily frangible. Sp. grav. 2. 4 to 2.8. It is found in 

 fnnilar fituations with the preceding. It is ufed, on account 

 of its hardnefs and colour, asa touch-ftone to afcertain the 

 comparative purity of the various kinds of gold and lilvcr 

 alloys. (See Touch stone.) Humboldt afcribes its 

 black colour to a portion of carbon See ScinsTL's. 



KIEV, Kief, K'tof, or Kiow, in Geography, a govcrn- 

 meiit of Ruffia, bounded on t!ie N. and N.E. by the go- 

 vernment of Tchernigof, on the S.E. by the government of 

 Ekaterinoflav, on the S.W, and N.W. by Poland ; about 

 148 miles long and 60 broad ; fif.iated for the mod 

 part on the left fide of the Dnieper. Being part of the 

 Ukraine, or Little Ruffia, it was once a duchy belonging 

 to the great dukes, and Kief was their principal refidence. 

 This country was conquered by the Tartars, and came again 

 into the pofTeflion of tlie great dukes ; but was afterwards 

 over-ran and poffefled by the ColTacks, under the protection 

 of Poland. In 1654, the natives, difcontented with John 

 Cafimir, king of Poland, fubmitted to Ruffia, and have ever 

 fince continued fubje.t to that empire. The vaft privileges 

 enjoyed by the natives have been gradually aboliflied, and 

 they are now reduced to the fame ilate as the other pro- 

 vinces of the Ruffian empire. The country is a continued 

 plain, very fertile, and producing abundance of grain and 

 pafture, honey, flax, tobacco, &c. Its capital is Kiev or 

 Jviof. 



Kiev, Kief, or Kiof, the capital of the above go- 

 vcrnment, and of the dillrift belonging to it, is fituated on 

 the Dnieper, which fee. It confills of three fmall towns, 

 ■'.iz. thecaftle of Petfhcrflcy, with its fuburbs ; the old city 

 of Kiev; and the town of Podol, which lies below the latter. 

 All thefe are partly inclofed by a common fortification, and 

 comnuinicate by a large entrenchment, carried on as the 

 inequality. of mountains would allow. The firft mentioned 

 caiUe Hands on an eminence facing the fouth ; and, befides bar- 

 racks for the garrifon, magazines, officers' houfes, and fouie 

 churches, includes a rich and ilatcly monaftery, founded in 

 the eleventh century, and called " Petfherflvy," becaufe the 

 monks formerly lived in a " petfhera,*' like a cavern, on 

 the mountain where the convent now ftands. In its fubter- 

 raneou« vaults, which refemble a labyrinth, and confiftof cells, 

 chapels, &c. are found great ntmibers of undecayed bodies, 

 fuppofed to be the remains of faints and martyrs. The 

 old city of Kiev ftands on an eminence -facing the north, 

 and is fortified, according to the mountainous nature of the 

 country, with horn-works, &c. Here ftands the cathedral. 

 Podol lies below old Kiev, in the plain on the banks of the 

 .Dnieper, and befides the univerfity, churches, and convents, 

 entirely confifts of fliops and Iradcfmen's houfes. This city 

 is the fee of a Greek aichbiftiop ; 420 miles E. of Cracow'. 

 N. lat. 50' 32'. ,E. long. 30^ 56'. 



KIEUSK, a town of Natclia ; 40 miles N.N.W. of 

 Mogla. 



KIEZVENSKOE, a town of Ruffia, in the government 

 of Perm ; 80 miles N. of Perm. 



KIFANTAN, a town of Bootan ; 64 miles N. of 

 Dinagepour. 



KIFFER, an ifland in the Eaft Indian fea, about 20 

 miles in circumference, near the north coaft of the ifland of 

 Timor. S. lat. 8' o'. E. long, i iCy 20'. 



KIFTELAK, a town of Hungary ; 18 miles N.W. of 

 Zcgedin. 



KIGELGA, one of the Fox-iflands, which fee. N. 

 J»t. /4°. E. long. .194'' 28'. 



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KIGGELARIA, in Botany, was named by Linn»«i 

 in honour of Francis Kiggelar, a Dutchman, who imported 

 many new and rare plants into Europe from America, and 

 who publiQied the Hortus Beaunionlianus in 1690, and ob- 

 fervations on Commelins Hortus Amjidodamenfis in 1697 — 

 Linn. Gen. ,-28. Schieb. 697. Mart. Mid. Dic^. v. :;. 

 Ait. Hort. Kew. v 3. 409. Juffi 387. Lamarck. Dift. 

 v. 3. 36). Illuftr. t. 821. Gacrtn. t. 44. — Clafs and or- 

 der, Dioecia Decandria. Nat. Ord. Columr.ifers, Linn. 

 Euphorbia, Juff. 



Gen. Ch. Male, Cal. Pjsrianth of one leaf, concave, di- 

 vided into five lanceolate, concave fegments. Cor. Petals 

 five, lanceolate, concave, a little longer than the calyx, and 

 forming with it a fort of cup ; neftary of five fmall, obtufely 

 three-lobed, deprefled, coloured glands, the middle lobe 

 larger ; each gland attached to the claw of a petal. Stam. 

 Filaments ten, very fniall ; anthers oblong, fiiorter than the 

 calyx, opening at the tips by two perforations. — Female, 

 Cal. and Cor. as in the male. PiJ}. Germeii fuperior, 

 roundifh ; ftylcs live, limple ; ftigmas obtule, (lightly cloven. 

 Peric. Capfule leathery, globofe, rough, of one cell,' and iwit 

 valves. Seeds numerous, about eight, roundilh, afterwards 

 angulated, each covered with a tunic. 



Eir. Ch. Male, Calyx five-cleft. Corolla of five petals ; 

 glands five, three-lobed. Anthers perforated at the tips. 

 Female, Calyx and Corolla like the male. Styles live. 

 Capfule of one cell, live valves, and many feeds. 



I. K. afriama. Linn. Sp. PI. 1466.' Hort. Cliff. 462^ 

 t. 29.— A native of the Cape of Good Hope. It flowers 

 in May and June, and was cultivated, fo early as 1690, in 

 the Royal Garden at Hampton Court. This tree generally 

 rifes to the height of fix or feven feet. Stems ftroiig ai d 

 woody. The bark of the branches is at firil fmooth and 

 green, but afterwards purplifli. Leaves on footftalks, alter- 

 nate, lanceolate, ferrated, fpreading. On the male plant, 

 panicles of Jloiuers appear on branched ftalks, with white 

 petals and yellow ncClaries ; on the female, each flower 

 ftands on a fimple ftalk. Capfule rugged, and pubefcent on 

 the outlide, containing a reddifli or rully-coloured pulp, in 

 which the f-eds are imbedded. The fruit has attained its 

 full fize in Chelfea Garden, but the feeds rarely cume to ma. 

 turity in this country. 



KlGGEL.>\uiA, in Gardening, comprifes a plant of the 

 ever-green fhrubby kind, which is the African kiggelaria, 

 (K. Africana.) 



Method of Culture. — Plants of this fort may be increafcd 

 by feeds, layers, and cuttings; but the feed method is the 

 beft, as they root but fparingly in the other two modes. 



The feeds fliould be ibwn in the early autumn, in pots 

 filled with frefh loamy earth, being plunged in a hot-bed. 

 After they have a few inches growth, they fhould be re- 

 moved into feparate fmall pots, re -plunging them in the hot- 

 bed ; and when well rooted, they ought to be gradually 

 hardened to the effects of the open air. The layers fhould 

 be made from the young flioots of the fame year, putting 

 them down in the fummer months. * 



The cuttings of the young fhoots fliould be planted in the 

 fpring, immediately before the plants begin to Ihoot, in pots 

 filled with foft loamy earth, being plunged in a very mo- 

 derate fiot-bed, and covered with glalTes to exclude the air ; 

 due fhade being afforded, and but little water given after the 

 fifft planting. Such plants as ilrike root may be removed . 

 into feparate fmall pots of loamy earth, and be expofed to 

 the air, in a warm ftieltered fituation, until the autumn, 

 when tliey fhould be placed under the protedion of the 

 green-houle, and managed in the fame mode as orange 

 trees. 



Thefe 



