L I G 



L I G 



•f the lignite is burnt on the fpot where it is wrought, for 

 the fake of obtaiiiiiit^ them. 



The earth of Cologne is particularly employed for paint- 

 ing in diftemper and even in oil painting. The Dutch ufe 

 it to adulterate fniilF, and if it is not added in too great a 

 quantity it gives the fniilf a defirable finenefs and foftnefs, 

 and cannot be in tl'.e leall injurious. Fanjas. 



This lignite is faid to occur alfo in Hcffia, Bohemia, 

 Saxony, Iceland, &.c. ; but as there has been a confufion 

 between this fiibdance and the variety of ochre called umber, 

 we cannol be cert-,(in that thefe indications of localities are 

 referable to earthy lignite. 



It may liave been obfervcd, from what has been faid on 

 the fituations peculiar to fome varieties of lignite, that this 

 foflil combuftible belongs to depofitions of the mod recent 

 formation, fince it is found only in alluvial fand or clay ; 

 it feldom or never occurs in (tony depofitions, except in 

 coarfe grained lime-done and under brfalt. In the moun- 

 tains of Hcffia called- the Ringe Kuhie, feveral thick beds 

 of lignite are feen leiling on fandllone, and leparated by 

 beds of potters' clay and fand. — (Mohs). On the fea-fliore 

 near Calais, fragments of lignite have been found that were 

 penetrated by very tranfpai'ent globularly aggregated quartz 

 cryftals. 



The air which circulates where lignite is wrought is gene- 

 rally bad. 



From what has been faid it appears (our author concludes) 

 that lignite is of a very different formation from that of 

 coal ; indeed, Mr Voigt thinks that there is no tranfition 

 between thefe two fub (lances. 



The firft of Brongniart's varieties of li.'nite, is by Wer- 

 ner given as a fub-fpeoies of his fclnvartz ko'n.le, or black coal. 

 A variety not mentioned in the above account of ligi.itc, but 

 nearly related to the tibrous lignite No. 3, is the fub-fpecies 

 of Werner's brown-coal, called common bro'um-coal. Its 

 colour is light ijrowiiifh-black, pafiing into blackifli-brown. 

 It occurs maffive. Its fragments are indeterminately angular, 

 more or lefs (harp-edged. It is found at Bovey, and feveral 

 other places mentioned under tiie localities of (ibrous lignite 

 or bituminous wood. 



LIGNON, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of th'j Marne ; 9 miles S. of Vitry le Francois. 

 LIGNUM Ai.oES, or Wood of Aloes. See Aloes. 

 Lignum Bulfaml. SeeBAL-SAM. 

 L1GNI.1M Ciimpechianum. See Log-wood. 

 LiGNU.M Cnjfid!. See Cassia. 



LiGNU.vi Colubrinmn. See SravcnNUS. Garcias tells 

 us of the wonderful elfefts of this xlrug againd the bites 

 of venomous f.rpents, and defcribcs two kinds of the plant 

 which produces it ; one having leaves like the pomegranate, 

 and the other like the peach-tree : thefe, he fays, both 

 grow in the iflar.d of Ceylon ; and Acofta mentions two 

 other fpecies of plants producing this wood, both different 

 from cither of thofe defcribcd by Garcias, and both grow- 

 ing in Malabar. We have alfo accounts in the Geograpluis 

 Nubienfis of another lignum colubrinum, different from 

 thefe, growing in Ethiopia, and po(fefled of the fame vir- 

 tues again'l the bites of ferpcnts as the others. This lad is 

 called in the /Vrabic haud alha'ic, the plain verbal tranflation 

 of which is fnake-wood, or lignum colubrinnni. He tells 

 «s, that it has fome refemb'ance in form to pyrelhrum, and 

 that the wood is always contorted. 



Alha cararha is another of its Arabic names, and this is 

 the word by which Avicenna, and the other Arabian writers, 

 interpret \hii tyrcthrum of Diofcorides ; but it is not certain 

 whether the liijiilitudc of founds between two or more 

 Jft.rabic words, may not have occafioned fome confufion or 



error here. Dicxarchus, in his fragment of mount PelioSi 

 defcribes the root of a tree growing there, which is not 

 only a fovereign remedy for the bites of fcrpents, but even 

 deftroys them by its fincU. This is alfu a lignum colu- 

 brinum ; but whetlier the fame with any of the others, or 

 dilferent from them all, we have not defcriplions enough to 

 determine. 



It appears, upon the wht>le, that little can be depended 

 on in the accounts of the medicine called lignum colnbrinum 

 by any author, nnlefs he has himfelf experimented what he 

 relates, and defcribed the plant which produces the drug ; 

 for much imaginary virtue has been at all times given to 

 many things againd the bitings of fcrpents, and the lignum 

 colubrinum of one author is not the lignum colubrinum of 

 another. 



LiGNOM Nephrlficum. See NEniniTic. 

 LuiNU.M Vitic, the wood of a genus of trees, called by 

 botanids thuya; which fee. 



Lignum vita: is much valued by turners : making ex- 

 tremely beautiful cups, bowls, boxes, and other curiolities. 

 Lignum vitas is alfo a name given to guaiacum. 

 LIGNY, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Meufe, and chief place of a canton, in. the 

 diftridl of Bar-f, r-Orncin. The place contains 2S15, and the 

 canton 10,081 inhabitants, on a territory of 192^ kiliome- 

 tres, in 19 communes. ^ 



L,iasY-le-Chateau, a. town of France, in the department 

 of the Yonne, and chief-place of a canton, in the diilritl of 

 Auxerre ; 9 miles N.E. of Auxerre. The place contains 

 1249, and the canton 7301 inhabitants, on a territory of 

 182^ kiliometres, in l^ communes. 



LIGOR, a town of Afia, and once capital of a king, 

 dom, now I'ubi^l to Siam, lituated on a river of the fame 

 name. Here "uie Dutch have a faftory for tin, rice, and 

 pepper. N. lat. 8' iS'. E. long. 100 35'. 



LiGOR, or Tantalum, an ifland at the entrance of the gulf 

 of Siam, triangular in its figure, and about 130 miles in 

 circuit. N. lat. 810'. E. long, ico 50'. 



LIGUA, a river of Cliili, which runs into the Pacific 

 ocean, S. lat. 32'. — Alfo, a town of Chili, on this river; 

 72 miles N.N.E. of Valparaifo. 



LIGUEIT, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Indre and Loire, and chief place of a canton, in the dif- 

 triit of Loches ; 9 miles S.W. of Loches. The place con- 

 tains 1998, and tlie canton 9756 inhabitants, on a territory 

 of 32/7, kiliometres, in 14 communes. 



LIGUNY, a town of Samogitia ; 44 miles E. of 

 Micdniki. 



LIGULA, a word ufed by medical writers in very dif- 

 ferent fcTifes. Some exprefs by it the clavicle, others the 

 glottis ; others ufe it as the name of a meafure, for things 

 either liquid or dry, being a quarter of a cyathus, equal to 

 a forty-eighth part of a pint with us ; others finally ufe it for 

 a weight, lefs than half an ounce by two fcruples, or teu 

 fcrupks. 



LiGUL.\, in Natural Hijlory, a genus of the moUufca or. 

 der of the chfs Vermes, according to the Linnxan fydem : 

 the charafter of this genus is body linear, equal, lon^- ; the 

 fore part obtufe, the hind part acute, with an impre(red dor- 

 fal future. There are only two fpecies, w's. i, k\k inttJVi- 

 nalis, which has a clear white, and very narrow body, and 

 which IS found in the intedines of the merganler and guille- 

 mot : about a foot long, and exactly relembling a piece of 

 tape. 2. The abdomineilis, of which there are feveral varie- 

 ties ; the body is of a palc-a(h colour, and rather broad ; it 

 is found in the abdomen of the loche, gudgeon, tench, cru- 

 cian, dace, bleak ; cyprinus vimba, and bream. Thefe ani- 

 mals 



