L I G 



mats are foHnd chiefly in the mefentery, emaciating the fi/Ii 

 they infeft, and making them grow deformed : when they 

 efcape from the body they penetrate through the flcin ; they 

 are fometimes lolitary and fometimes gregarious, about one- 

 twentieth of an inch thick, and from fix inches to five feet 

 long. 



LIGULATE Florets, in Botany, from Uguhi, a fmall 

 ftrap, are fuch as compofe the radiant part of a daify. See 

 Floret. 



LIGURES, in Ancient Geography, a people of Gallia 

 Cifalpina, who occupied a territory along the fea-coalf, 

 bounded on the N. by the Po, and feparated from Gaul by 

 the Alps, and the oblique winding courfe of the Varus. 

 Its eaftern limit, at different periods, was the Macra, and 

 the rapid Arnus. It comprehended the greater part of the 

 diftrids of Nice, Piedmont, Montferrat, Genoa, Modena, and 

 Parma. This powerful nation was compofed of many 

 tribes, the boundaries of whofe fettlements cannot now be 

 afcertained witli precilion. Thefe tribes were the Vediantii, 

 who inhabited a mountainous traft watered by the Varus, in 

 which were Nica:a or Nice, and Ceraenelium, or Cimia ; 

 the Intemelii, who occupied feveral places along the fea-coait, 

 ■viz. Intemelium, or Ventimiglia, Tropjea Augulii, or 

 Torbia, &c.; the Ingauni, whole capital was Albingaunum, 

 or Albenga, and they alfo occupied the fea-port towns of 

 Vada Sabatia, or Vai, and Savo, now Savona ; the Epan- 

 terii, who inh;;bited a mountainous diftrift between the Van- 

 gieiini and Ingauni ; the Vangienni, who relided near the 

 declivity of Mons Vefiilus, mount Vifo, and the fources of 

 the Po ; the Statielli, who were cantoned at the bottom of 

 the gulf of Genoa, in a hiily territory, that extended north- 

 ward to the Tanarus ; the cities and towns in this diilriA, 

 occupied by the Statielli, and other inferior tribes of the 

 Ijigures, were Genua or Genoa, Portus .jDelphinus, or 

 Porto Fino, Segeftra or Selhi, Portus Veneris, or Porto 

 Venere, and Luna ; and the principal rivers of this dillritt 

 were the Macra and Boactes ; the inland towns in the terri- 

 tory of the Statielli were Aquas Statiella: or Aqui, Ceba 

 or Ceva, near the fource of the Tanarus, PoUentia, Alba 

 Pompeia, Afta or Aili, Bodincomngus or Induftria on the 

 P", Forum Fulvii, furnamed Valentinum, on the Po, Ca- 

 riftum, Dertona or Tortona, and Iria or Voghiera. The 

 Celelates and Cerdicates inhabited an inconfiderable dillrift 

 between the Trebia and tlie Po, now called Pavefan ; their 

 principal towns were Clallidium, Chiailezo, and Litubium. 

 The Briniates occupied a hilly traCl not far from the fea- 

 coaft, watered by the Bosftes. The chief town of the 

 Apuani was Apua, now Pontremoli, at the foot cf the 

 Apennines, near the fource of the Macra. The Ananes, or 

 Anamani were for fome time eftabiilhed in the territory now 

 called Parma and Modena ; the Lingoncs, in tlie northern 

 part of Bolognefe, and in Ferrara ; the Boii, in the S. part 

 of the Bolognefe, at the foot of the Apennines ; the Se- 

 rones, in the eftate of the church, along the coaft of the 

 Adriatic from Rimini to Ancona. To thofe tribes belonged 

 the following towns, "u/z. Parma, Bnxellum or Berfello, 

 Forum Novum or Fornovo, S.W. of Parma on tlie Tarus or 

 Taro, Tanetum or Tanedo, between Parma and Modena, 

 Calicarin, S. of the Po, Padinum or Buondena, N V/. of Forum 

 Alieni, now Ferrara, Hadrianum or Ariano, Neronia above 

 the mouth of the Po, and Spina at the mouth of the fouth 

 branch of the Po. The following towns were fituated on 

 Via iEmilia, between Parma and /-^rminiuin, -jia. Tanetum 

 already mentioned, Regium Lepidi or Reggio, Mutina or 

 Modena, Bononia now Bologna, Claterna or Claterva, New 

 Quadenio, Forum Cornelii or Imola, Favcntia or Faenza, 



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Forum Livii or Forli, Forum Popilii or Forlimpopoli. The 

 inland fettlements were Sufemontium, Aquinum, and Ra- 

 venna. 



LIGURIA, a country of ancient Italy, which had on 

 the W. a part of the Maritime Alps, and the river Varus ; 

 on the N. the Po ; on the E. a part of Gallia Cifpadana, 

 and a fn-.all portion of Etruria. In the time of Scylax, who 

 wrote about the year 350 B.C., the Ligurians extended 

 themfelves to tlie Arnus. See the preceding article. 



LIGURIAN Republic. See Geno.i. 



LIGURINUS, in Ornithology, a name ufed by many- 

 authors tor the bird more commonly known by the name of 

 Jpinus, and called in England xhefi/hn. 



LIGURIUS, in Jciu'ijh Antiquity, a precious (lone on 

 the high piriell's breall -plate. It is called lejchnn in Hebrew. 

 Theophrailus and Pliny defcribe the ligurius to be a llone 

 like a carbuncle, of a brightncfs fparkling like (ire. 



The ligurius was the firit; ilone in the third row upon the 

 high priell's pedioral, and the name of God was infcribed 

 upon it. iElian, De Animal, lib. iv. cap. 17. Pliny, 

 lib. viii. cap. 38, and lib. xx.wii. cap. 5. Calm. Did. Bibl. 

 See LvNCUKius Lapis. 



LIGUSTICUiVl, in iJotoyi, Xi^vriHov of Diofcorides, fi> 

 called from Liguria, in Italy, its native country. The an- 

 cient plant evidently appears by the defcription of this au- 

 thor to have been of the umbelliferous tribe, growing in 

 mountainous fituations, and of an aromatic pungent naiure. 

 So far it agrees with the Linnasan adaptation of the name ; 

 but among fo intricate a tribe, who (hall fay that the L'iguf- 

 ileum of LinuKus is, or is not, the very f me with that of 

 Diofcorides ? Linn, Gen. 137. Schreb. 187. Wil d. Sp. 

 PI. V. I. 1424. Mart. Mill. Did. v. 3. Sm. F;. Brit. 309. 

 Prodr. Fl. Gra:c. v. i. 193. Ait. Hort. Kew. cd. 2. v. 2. 

 141. JufT. 222. Tourn. I. 171. Laii.arck. lUultr. t. 198. 

 Gaertn. t. 85. (Cicutarin ; Tourn. t. 171. Danaa ; Allion. 

 Pedem. v. 2. 34. t. 63.)- Clafs and order, Paitandria Digy- 

 r:ia. Nat. Ord. Umbellifene- 



Gen. Ch. General iinilcl u[ numerous rays ; partial Cmilar 

 to it. General involucrum membranous, of about levcn un- 

 equal leaves ; partial of Icarcely mere than four, like- 

 wife membranous. Perianth of five teeth, fcarcely difcerni- 

 ble. Cor. Univerjal uniform ; flowers all ufually fertile ; 

 partial of five equal, involute, flat, undivided petals, keeled 

 inwardly. Stam. Filaments five, capillary, ftiorter than the 

 corolla ; anthers fimple. Fiji. Gernien inferior ; ilykstwo, 

 clofe togL'ther ; ftigmas fimple, obtufe. Peric. Fruit ob- 

 long, angular, furrowed, fcparable into two parts. Seeds 

 two, oblong, Imooth, marked with tliree elevated lines on 

 the outer fide, flat on the other. 



Eff. Ch. Fruit oblong, with tliree ribs on each fide. 

 Flowers uniform. Petals involute, regular, undivided. 

 Calyx of five teeth. 



Obf. Reichard obferves that fome male flowers are ccca- 

 fionaliy intermixed. The fruit has not five grooves or fur^ 

 row<^, but three elevated ribs, at each fide. 



1. L. Livi/Ucum. Common Lovage. Linn Sp. PI. 3^9. 

 Wcodv. Med. Bot. t. ly^. Zorn. Ic, t. 233. Ehrh. PI. 

 Off. 393. (Levilticum vulgare ; Dod. Pempc. 311. Ger. 

 em. ioc8. Morif. Seft. 9. t. 3. f. i.)— Leaves repeatedly 

 compound; leaflets wedge-fliaped at their bale, unequally 

 cut m the fore-part. Umbels many together. Native of the 

 Ligurian Alps, whence it is taken for the Ai-i/rixo; of Diof- 

 corides. In medico-botanical gardens it is prefcrved on that 

 account, but rarely elfewhere. The root is perennial, re- 

 quiring a rich, ra' her moul foil. Herb five feet high, of a 

 lijjht, rather glaucous, green, fniootb, ikongly aromatic 



