L I M 



L I U 



and arrange trenches in fuch a manner, as to condmSt the 

 water of the rivers to irrigate the foil j and when the 

 Spaniards took pofTcfTion of the country, they purfued the 

 fmie phin ; thus they watered the fpacioua fields of wheat 

 and barley, large meadows, plantations of fugar caaes, and 

 olive trees, vineyards, and gardens of all kinds, which were 

 rendered very produAivc. By the eartliquake in 1O87, the 

 foil was fo vitiated, that it hecame unfit for yielding wheat 

 and barley ; but after remaining 40 years in this (late of 

 fterility, it again fo far recovered itfelf as in a confiderablc 

 degree to become fit for grain as before. Hoivever, re- 

 peated earthquakes have been unfavourable. Tlie fields in 

 the neighbourhood of Lima are chiefly fovvn with clover, 

 of which there is a very great confuniption, as it is the com- 

 mon fodder for all beads, particularly mules and horfes, of 

 which there is an inconceivable number. The bread at 

 Lima is the bed in all this part of America, both with re- 

 gard to its colour and talle. The mutton and beef are alfo 

 very good ; and here is alfo plenty of poultry, pork, and 

 fifh ; which latter article is fuppliod by the Indians of the 

 coalt, from the bay of Callao, and the villages of CheriUo 

 and Luria. The river of Lima, and the coafts, furnifli 

 anchovies and various forts of {liell-tifli. The wines at Lima 

 arc of diflerent forts, white, red, and dark-red, and of each 

 fort fome are peculiarly excellent. ■ They are imported from 

 the coalls of Nafea, Pifco, Lucumba, and Chili, but the 

 latter produces the beft. That from Pifco has the greatell 

 fale, and from the fame place all the brandies ufed at Lima 

 or exported are brought. Many of the dried fruits are 

 brought from Chili, and by the trade carried on between 

 the two kingdoms, Lima is fnpplied with all lorts of fruits 

 known in Spain. At Lima tliere are no fabrics nor manu- 

 fadlures of any kind. Lima owes much of its magnificence 

 and fplendour to its being the capital of Peru, and the 

 general ftaple of the kingdom. As it is the relidence of 

 the government and chief tribunals, it is alfo the common 

 factory for commerce of every kind, and the centre of the 

 produces and niannfaiflures of the other provinces, together 

 ■with tliofe of Europe, brouglit over in the galleons or regif- 

 tcr tbips ; and dillributed from hence through the wide 

 (rxteut of thefe kinj;doms. At the head of the commerce 

 is the tribunal del Confulado, which appoint commiflaries to 

 retide in the other cities of its dependencies, extending 

 through all Peru. The chief commerce of Lima is with 

 Valparaifo, Concepcion, and Coquimbo, in the kingdom of 

 Chili ; the ille of Chiloe, and Arica, Ilo, and Pifco in the 

 fouth i towards the north with Truxillo, Pacafmayo, and 

 Payta, in the viceroyalty of Peru ; with Guayaquil and Pa- 

 nama in the viceri>yalty of New Granada ; and with Realejo 

 in Giiatamala, and Acapulco, in Mexico. This trade is 

 conducted by 10 (hips, 11 merchant-frigates, 19 packet- 

 boats, and a balandra, »r fmall Irar.fport-boat ; amounting 

 in all to 351,500 quintals of tonnage, navigated by 460 

 feamen. After the dedru&ion of the fea-port town of 

 Callao by an earthquake in 1747 (fee Callao), a new 

 town or village was fou ded, at the didancc of a quarter of 

 a league, called " Ballavilla." There is a fortrefs called 

 " San Fernando," with a fufBcient garrifon to defend the 

 bav, which in the S.W. is fenced by a barren idand called 

 " San Lorenzo." Here all the fliips anchor about two 

 leagues from Lima. The coalls of Nafca and Pifco fend to 

 Lima wine, brandy, raifins, o ives, and oil ; and the king- 

 dom of Chili, wheat, flour, lard, leather, cordage, wines, 

 dried fruits, and fome gold. Every Monday, during the 

 whole year, there is a fair at Callao, whither the traders or 

 proprietors of commodities refort from all parts ; and the 

 goods are carried, according to the dircclioiis of the buyers. 



on droves of mules kept for tliis purpofe by the mafterS of 

 the warehoufes. Copper and tin in bars are brought frdm 

 Coquimbo ; from the mountains dc Caxamarea and Chaca-' 

 poyas, canvas made of cotton for fails and other duffs of 

 that kind, and Cordovan leather and foap are made all over 

 Valles, the valley in which Lima is fituated. From the 

 fouthern provinces, as Plata, Oruio, Potofi, and Cuzco, 

 is fent Vicuna wool, for making hats and fome ilulTs of a 

 peculiar firinnefs. From Paraguay, the herb called by 

 that name is fent, of which there is a great cojifumptiorf. 

 The produce of the fales in the inland parts of the king- 

 dom is fent to Lima in bars of filver, and pignas, which 

 are porous and light mades of iilver, being an amalgam of 

 mercury and dull taken out of the mines. The Jilver is 

 coined at the mint in this city. I^ima has alfo its particular 

 trade with the kingdoms both of N'Tth and South America. 

 The mod conliderable commodity received from the former 

 is fnud", which is brought from the Havannali to Mt xico, 

 and after havinjj been there improved is forwarded to Lima, 

 and conveyed from thence to the other proviices Thero 

 is no province in Peru, that does not tranfmit to Lima its 

 products and manufatlures ; and fupply illelf from hence 

 with the neceflary commodities. 



Lima alfo receives from the ports of New Spain, paph» 

 tha, tar, iron, and fome indigo for dyeing. 'Phe kingdom 

 of Terra Firma fends to Lima, kaf-tobacco and pearls, 

 which fuid here a good market, as no mulatto woman is 

 without fome ornament made of them. The ladies and 

 women of all ranks have an ancient cudom of carrying in 

 their mouths a " linipion," or cleanfer, of tobacco. The 

 intention of thefe is, as their name imports, to keep the 

 teeth clean. The limpions are fmall rolls of tobacco, four 

 inches long and nine_ lines in diameter, tied with a thread 

 which they untwift as the limpion wades. One end of this 

 they put into the mouth, and alter chewing it for fome time, 

 rub the tCLth with it, thus keeping them always clean and 

 white. All the timber nfed in building houfes, refitting 

 (hips, or condrnfting fmall barks at Callao, is brought from 

 Guayaquil, together with the cacao. S. lat. 12' 2' 31". E. 

 long. 282 27'. See ,Iuan and De UUoa's Voyage to South 

 America, and Eilalla, cited by Pinkerton's Geographv- 

 For further particulars, lee Peru. 



IwMA, a river of Spain, which rifes in the province ot 

 Galicia, traverfes the province of Entre Duero e Minho, 

 and runs into the Atlantic, two miles below Viana. N. lat. 



41° 40'. W. long. 8 30' Alfo, a town of Arabia, in 



the province of Oman, near the coall ; 32 miles S.E. of 

 Julfa. 



LIMACHU, a river of Chili, which runs into the Pa- 

 cific ocean, S. lat. 30 25'. 



LIMACIA, in Botany, fo named by Lourciro, from, 

 lirr.ax, a fnail, in alluficn to the fpiral furrows on its nut. — 

 Loureir. Cochinch. 620. — Clafs and order, Diascta Hexan- 

 dr'ia, Nat. Ord. Sarmentaccx, Linn. /Ifparngt, .Tuff. 



Gen. Ch. Male-flowers nearly terminal, crowded toge-- 

 ther. Cal. Perianth inferior, diort, of fix acute leaves, 

 the alternate ones fmaller, arranged altogether horizontally. 

 in a triangle. Cor. Petals three, triangular, almod eredt, 

 longer than the calyx; neflary equal to the calyx, divided' 

 into fix, roundidi, concave, flelhy fegments. Slam. Fila-- 

 ments fix, very diort, each placed upon a fegment of the 

 nectary, and altogether forming a triangle ; anthers of two 

 cells, rounilidi.— Female flowers axillary, in pairs, on a.' 

 fepanite plant. Ciil. as in the male. Cor. Petals fix, 

 ronndilh, curved, unequal ; nectary equal to the calyx, 

 divided into fix, turbinate, connivent fegments. Piji. Ger- 

 inen fuperior, fomewhat triangular; dylc none j iligmas . 

 1 three. 



