LIME. 



jren, and nitrogen. It might be employed, like nitre, to 

 obtain a tolerably pure oxygen for experiments of coin- 

 buftion. Its decompofition by heat alfo furnifhes an elegant 

 method of procuring lime in a ftate of purity. The analyfis 

 of this fait by Richter gives, in the loo, 63.9 acid, and 

 :56. 1 bafe. That of Kirwan gives, in the 100, 54.44 acid, 

 ^2 bafe, and 10.56 water. Dalton makes the atom of 



and concludes the loluble 

 19.4 X 2 + 24 _ 100 

 " c876' 



nitric acid 5.4 -1-2x7 = '9-4' 



nitrats to be fuper-falts : hence, 



'^ 19.4 X 2 



which gives 58.6 acid, and 41.4 of lime, = 100. 



Muriat of Lime. — This fait is generally formed in 

 manufatluruig the carbonat of ammonia. The muriat of 

 ammonia is mixed with carbonat of lime, in a veffel which 

 is expofed to a heat capable of fiibliming the carbonat of 

 ammonia, which leaves behind the muriat of lime. ■ It may 

 b&alfo formed by adding carbonat of lime to muriatic acid. 

 When the folution is evaporated to the confillence of fyrnp, 

 and fet in a cool place equal to 32°, it cryftallizes into fix- 

 fided prifms, terminated by pyramids. Thefe cryftals, 

 however, foon deliqucfce, from their great attraftion for 

 meifture, and atfume the liquid form. Reduced to a ftate 

 of drvnefs, it is ufed tor the purpofe of drying different 

 gafes. 



Water at fio' diffulves four times its weight of this fait ; 

 while at 100', it difFolves in any proportion. It diflblves 

 in alcohol in a great proportion, producing heat. Wlien 

 the dry fait is mixed with inow, it produces great cold, and 

 is employed to great advantage in freezing mixtures. 

 When it is expofed to heat above ignition, fome of the acid 

 efcapes, reducing it to the ftate of lubmuriat. In this ftate 

 it has the property of iliining in the dark, and has, in con- 

 fequence, been called the phofphorus of Homberg. It is 

 campofed, according to the analyfis of Bergman, of 3 1 acid, 

 44 bafe, and 25 water, in 100. Kirwan makes it 42 acid, 

 50 bafe, and 8 water; and Wenzel, 51 acid and 49 bafe. 

 Dalton makes an atom of muriatic acid 2 % ; then hme being 



24-^-22 100 , r , 



24, — ^ — ■ ^ •. hence we have, from thefe data, 



22 47.^3 



47.S3 of acid, 52.17 of bafe. 



Oxymuriat of L'tme. — It appears that fuch a fait does not 

 exift, except in the dry ftate. When it is thrown into 

 water, it is converted into the muriat, and oxygen efcapes. 



The fait, which the bleachers call the oxymuriat of lime, 

 is in faft the hyper-oxymuriat. It is made by palling the 

 oxymuriatic acid gas through a mixture of lime and water, 

 in a Woulfe's apparatus. (SeeX,.M!OJiATORY. ) The lime 

 is at length taken up, and the liquid becomes colourlefs. It 

 is decompofcd by the muriatic acid, aft^ording oxygen and 

 oxymuriatic acid. It is ufed in bleaching to a great extent. 

 See Bleaciukc;. 



Plwfphal of Lime. — This fait conftitutes the bafis of bones, 

 and is a component part of moft animal fubftaixes. It may 

 be prepared by adding muriat or nitrat of lime to phofphat 

 ef foda ; or, cheaper, by difTolviug the earth of bones, 

 which is a mixture of the fubphofphat and carbonat of lime, 

 in muriatic acid, and adding pure ammonia to the foUition. 

 The phofphat of lime will be precipitated alone, leaving the 

 cxcefs of lime diftblved in the acid. Tliis fait is in the form 

 «)f powder of a white colour ; ;he native fait, v^'hich has been 

 defcrifaed, being alone capable of the cryi{.tlline form. 



Several of the acids, but particularly the fulphuric, de- 

 compose this fait, by taking a part of the lime, and leaving 

 it in the ftate of fuperphofphat. Phofjihat of hme is com- 



pofed, according to the analyfis of Klaproth, of 39.5 of 

 acid and 69.5 bafe. Fourcroy and Vauquelin make it 

 41 acid and 59 bafe; Richter, 45 acid and 55 bafe; and 



5 water. l3y Dalton's 

 X 7 = 2_j : then. 



Eckeberg, 39 acid, 36 bafe, and 

 hypothelis, the phofphoric acid is 9 

 23 4- 24 100 



^~ ~ 4M^ 



making the acid, in 100, 48.9 acid. 



the bafe being 51. i. 



SupcrpLofphat of Lime. — When fulphuric acid is added to 

 the phofphat of lime, the former being one-third of the latter 

 by weight, a portion of fulpiiat of lime will be formed, 

 which will be precipitated, leaving the fuperphofphat dif- 

 folved. It may alfo be formed by diflblving 47 parts of the 

 phofphat in 23 parts of real acid. 



This fait cryftallizes by evaporation, in brilliant plate.=, 

 having a pearly appearance. The tafte of thefe iryftals is 

 ftrongly acid. Indeed it was once taken for the phofphoric 

 acid, and was diililled with charcoal, to obtain pliofphorus. 

 This fait is now decompofed by the acetat of lead ; and the 

 phofphat of lead is ufed for that purpofe, which is found a 

 great improvement in the preparation of phofphorus. 



When this fait is heated in a crucible at a little more than 

 a red heat, it fufes ; and, on cooling, aiuimes the appear, 

 ance of a tranfparent glafs, which has been called phofphoric 

 giafs. Its compofitioii, according to the analyfes of Four-' 

 croy and Vauquelin, is 54 acid and 46 lime. 



Fluat of Lime. — This lalt is not a product of art, but is 

 found native in Di^rbydiire, and other counties abounding 

 with lead. Its cryftals are in the form of cubes. 



When this ialt is coarfely powdered, and laid upon a hot 

 plate, a little fliort of ignition, it gives a beautiful blueifli 

 light, not much unlike the flame of baruing fulphur in com- 

 mon, air. The artificial fluat alfo poflefTeS this property". 



When the fluat of lime is expofed to a ftrong heat, it 

 melts, and, on cooling, becomes tranfparent. The facility 

 with which vit fufes, and renders other earthy fubftances 

 fufible, is taken advantage of in the reduftion of lead, and 

 other metals. Hence it has derived its name from acting as 

 a flux. 



This fait is decompofed bythe nitric and fulphuric acid,' 

 by leizing the lime, wliile the fluoric acid gas is difengaged.. 

 Guy LuiTac and Thenard have lately fliewn, that the gafeous 

 form of its acid is caufed by the prefence of (ilex ; lince, 

 when it is difengaged from any bafe where filex is not pre- 

 lent, the.acid adumes the liquid form. See Silkx. 



Its analyiis, by Klaproth, is 32.25 acid and (J7.75 bafe ; 

 by Dr. Thomfon, 32; acid and67ilime. . 



Borat of Lime. — This fair may .be' formed by mixing the 

 muriat of hme with a foluticn- of borat of foda. The fait 

 is precipitated in -the ftate of white powder, which is in- 

 ■foluble in water : few of its properties are known. 



Curlonat of Lime. — Tliis fait, in the native ftate, is the 

 moft abundant of all the calcareous falts. 



,'\Uhough the primitive forms of the cryftals of it are- 

 rhomboidal prifms, this figure has been fo differently ar- • 

 ranged as to form a numerous variety of fecondary forms.' . 

 The^neutral fait of this fpecies is iiifolublc in water; but it 

 becomes foluble, to a certain degree, with an extra dofe of' . 

 acid. 



The carbonat of lime may be formed by .adding carbonat " 

 of potaftt to muriat of lime. It coniifts of 45 acid and" 

 ^^ lime. 



According to the experiments of fir James Hall, when 

 the carbonat of lime is expofed to a red heat, in a clofe 

 vellcl, tuch as a guu barrel, it melts; and, on cooling, is ■ 



found ■' 



