LIME. 



found to retain ita original properties, with the exception 

 of lofing fomething lefs than 4 or 5 per cent, of carbonic 

 acid. 



Suprrcarbonat of lAme. — When the fiipcrcarbonat of pot- 

 a(h is added to muriat of lime, a portion of lime will remain 

 on folution, which is not the carbonat of lime, but a fuper- 

 carbonat. This fait is very frequently found in mineral 

 waters, efpecially- in lime-llone countries, and in countries 

 abounding with marie. 



A carbonat of potafli being added to a folution of this 

 fait, takes one dofe of acid from it to form a fupercarbonat, 

 and the carbonat of lime is thrown down. When tlic fuper- 

 carbonat of potafh is added, no change taki-s place. When 

 lime-waten is added to water didolving the fupercarbonat ot 

 lime, the lime of both alFumes the Hate of carbonat, and 

 fall down together. 



Wiien the fupercarbonat of lime is expoRd to a boiling 

 heat for fome time, the fecoiid dofe of acid is expelled, and 

 tile remaining carbonat is precipitated. This lalt, how- 

 ever, is not immediately decompofed by boiling, but re- 

 quires to boil for fome time. 



Acetat of Lime. — If carbonat of lime be added to the 

 acetic acid, an eifervefcence will take place, and tlie lime 

 will be diffolved in the acetic acid, forming acetat of lime. 

 If the folution be evaporated, it affords fmall crydals of a 

 white colour, having a filk appearance. 



It has a bitter acid tafte. 



It is compofed of 65.1 1 acid and 34.89 lime. 



Oxalat of Lime Tliis fait is formed by dropping the 



oxalat of ammonia into any folution of hmc. It appears to 

 be the molt infoluble of all the falts of lime. It is in the 

 form of white powder, and is compofed, according to Berg- 

 man, of 48 acid, 46 lime, and fi water. 



Tartrat of Lime. — If carbonat of lime be added to a folu- 

 tion of the fupertartrat of potafli, the excefs of tartaric acid 

 combines with the lime, wliich falls in the (late of infoluble 

 powder. It is from this infoluble tarlrat that the tartaric is 

 obtained, by means of fulphuric acid. 



Citrat of Lime. — This fait, like the laft, is formed by 

 -adding the carbonat of lime to citric acid in the lemon 

 juice. The fait is the infoluble powder which falls to the 

 bottom. It is from this fait that the citric acid is obtained 

 pure, by the fuperior affinity of fulphuric acid. 



It confills of 62.66 acid and ^^7.34 lime. 



Prujftat of Lime The prufTiat of lime is formed bv dif- 



folving lime in the pruHic acid. It is decompofed by all the 

 acids, and is of little permanence. The fait commonlv, but 

 improperly, called by this name, is a triple fait, containing 

 both lime and iron. It is made bv adding 56 parts of lime 

 water to two parts of Pruflian blue, well vvadied in hot 

 water, boiling ihem for fome time till the lime is fatnrated. 

 The folution is of an olive colour, and affords cryllals by 

 evaporation. The folution of this fait is a valuable tell for 

 iron in mineral waters. 



The re it of the falts of lime are not of any importance, as 

 far as we at prefent know. 



The arfeniats and molybdat of lime are infoluble in their 

 aeutral Hate : the former is foluble in excefs of acid. 



Succinat of Lime is difficultly foluble. 



Benzoat of Lime is foluble, and may be obtained in 

 eryllals. 



Chromat of Lime is foluble and cryftallizable. 



Suberat of Lime difTolves in hot, but little in cold water. 



Camphorat of Lime is fparingly foluble. 



Lime, in /l^ricuhure, a foft friable fubllance, obtained 

 6 



by calcining or burning Tarious calcareous materials, fuch 

 as chalk, marble, lime-llone, fliells, &c. 



This is a fubllance which is ii> different ftates, according 

 to the particular circuniftances under which it exilLs. 

 When newly made, from its great power ot deftroying the 

 texture of bodios, it is termed cauftic or quick lime. It is 

 alio fometimes called flicll-lime or rticUs. In this (late, when 

 ufcd as manure, it operates with the greatell violence, dif- 

 flpating and robbing the foils, to winch it is applied, of 

 their inoiflnre and other fluid mat'tr : but after being ex- 

 pofed to the atmofphere for fome time, from its property of 

 quicl'ly abforbing moilUue and carbonic acid from it, it be- 

 comes mild or effete, and is termed carbonat of lime. 

 When applied to land in this Hate, it ads with much more 

 mildi.el's, orily promoting the refoliition of the matters in 

 which it comes in contadt, by forwarding the natural procefs 

 of putrefai'tion. It has alfo lefs tendency to produce a 

 mortary hardnefs in the poorer forts of clayey foils. But 

 befides thefe dilTerence£, there are others arillng from tlie 

 fubllances which are combined with the calcareous matters 

 employed, as liar, been lately (liewn by the ingenious ex- 

 periments of Mr. Tennant, itatcd in the fecond part of tlie 

 Philofophical Tranfaftions for the year 1799. Having 

 been informed that two kinds of lime were uled in agricul- 

 ture, which differed greatly in their effeils,— one of which 

 it was neceffary to ufe fparingly, and to fpread very evenly 

 over the land, as it was faid that a large proportion of it 

 diminidied the fertility of the foil, and tliat, wherever a 

 heap of it had been lefc on one fpot, all vegetation was pre- 

 vented for many years ; and that of this kmd of lime, 50 or 

 60 bufhels on an acre were as much as could be uftd with 

 advantage ; wliile of the other fort of lime, a large quantity 

 was never found to be injurious, and that the (pots which 

 were entirely covered with it became remarkably fertile, in- 

 ftead of being rendered barren : — having analyled thofe two 

 kinds of lime, he found that the latter conlilted lolely of cal- 

 careous earth ; but that the former contained two parts of 

 magnelia, with three parts of calcareous earth. He after- 

 wards proved, that though vegetable feeds would grow 

 equally well in both thefe kinds of lime-llone, when (imply 

 reduced to powder ; yet that, when they were calcined ((* 

 as to become lime, and both of them flrewed about the tenth 

 of an inch thick on garden mould, the niagnedan lime pre- 

 vented nearly all the feeds which had been fowed from 

 coming up, while no injury was occafioiied by the calcareous 

 lime, when ufed under the fame circumdances. 



It may be noticed, that this valuable difcovery feems in 

 fome meafure to explain the caufe of the variety of opinion 

 that has been maintained refpedting the application of lime, 

 which fome have fuppofed to be of little or no advantage, 

 and even injurious to land ; which has been owing probably 

 to their having employed the magiiedan lime, or ufed it in 

 too large proportions. 



This philofophical inquirer firft found magnefian lime 

 near the town of Doncader, and afterwards at York, at 

 Matlock in Derbvfhire, at Breeden in Leicellerdiire, and at 

 Work(op in Nottingliamfliire. He alfcrts, that the cathe- 

 dral and walls of York are built with this magnefian lime- 

 done ; and that at Matlock the magnefian and calcareous 

 lime-dones are contiguous to each other, the rocks on the 

 fide of the river Derwent, where the houfes are built, being 

 magnefian, and on the other fide calcareous. He found 

 alfo, that in this fituation the magnefian lime-done was in- 

 cumbent on the calcareous : for, in defcending into a cavern 

 formed in that rock, he found a feparate vein of calcareous 

 lime-Hone, which was fuU of fliells, but contained no mag.- 



nclia : 



