L 1 N 



tery rich lead mines, and one of a fcmi-mctal, with which tRe 

 emerald tint is given to porcelain. Two leagues from this 

 town there is a filver mine, lamous in the time of the 

 Carthaginians, which belonged to the beautiful Himilci, 

 ■wife of Aidriibal. The Romans alfo worked this mine. 

 It has a (haft 2000 feet deep, into, which numcro'is gal- 

 leries open. It was long negleclcd ; but re-opened in the 

 T7th century, when a vein of filver was found five feet 

 broad : however, it has fince been difregarded. It be- 

 longs to the town of Baeza. 



LINARIA, in Botany,- fo called from having the habit 

 and foliage of L'murn, or Max, is tlie Toad-flax. (See An- 

 TIRRIUNUM.) The French b-.!lanills are partial to the name, 

 though certauilv none of the hell ; and as they divide the 

 genus, retain J.klirrh'mum for fiicli t'pecics only as iiave no 

 fpur. 



LiNAUiA, in Ornhl.'.hj^y. See iMiiNOii.LA and Linnet. 



LIN A R YD, in Gtography, a town of Sweden, in the 

 province of Smahnd ; 1 1 miles S.S.E. of Wexio. 



LINATO, a town of Italy, in the department of the 

 Olona, on the Lambro ; 5 miles S.E. of Milan. 



LINBO, a fmall illand in the Adriatic. N. lat. 44 37'. 

 E.lone. 54 57'. 



LINCH-Clout, in yirliHery, ihe flat iron under the ends 

 of the arms of an axle-tree, to llrengthen them, and dimi- 

 nilli the friftion of the wheels. See Cloi'I'.s. 



LlNCil-P/n, in Rural Economy, the fmall pin, in carts or 

 ether carriages, that is put upon the end of tlie axle-trees, 

 to confine the wheels on them in a Heady manner. See 



LlS:iPIN<i. 



LINCfiANCHIA, in Geography, a town of Mexico, 

 in the province of Yucatan ; 25 miles N. of Mcrida. 



LINCKIA, \n Botany, fo called by Michcli, in honour 

 ef John Henry Liiick, an apothecary at Lciplic, fellow of 

 the Royal Society of Londuii, who died in 1734, at the age 

 cf 60. He wrote an account of the coffee-tree, from one 

 which flowered in a garden near hi' refidencc, in 1724, and 

 his treatife may be feen in the Ephennrides of the Acad. 

 Naturi Curioforum, v. 1. 204. He is alfo the author of a 

 fplendid work in folio, on the fpecies of Star-filh, j^Jlenas. 

 The plant to which Miclieli has given his name, fee Mich. 

 Gen. 126. t. 67, is Tremel/a Nojloc of Linnjeus, See TuE- 



MEI.LA. 



LINCOLN, an ancient city in the county of that name, 

 England, and a place of confiderablc importance in the cc- 

 cleliailical and military annals of the kingdom, is Angularly 

 fituatcd on the top and fide of an eminence, which (lopes 

 ■with a deep defcent to the fouth, wh;-re the river VVitham 

 runs at its bafe. A large portion of the city, or rather 

 fuburbs, extend-., in a long llreet, from the foot of the hill 

 10 the fouth. On the northern fide of it, without the walls, 

 is another fuburb, called Newport, fnppofed to have been 

 an outwork of the Roman (lation. Camden, and fonie 

 ether antiquaries, ftate, that this place was occupied as a 

 ftation, or itrong hold, by the Briton."!, anterior to the Ro- 

 man colonization of the ifland ; and that then it bore the 

 name of " Lindcoit, from the woods (for which fome co- 

 pies have, corruptly, Lintcoit)." By Ptolemy and Anto- 

 jiinus the name of the place is written Lind'.tm ; and, from 

 having the privilege of a colony, it was called Linduin colo- 

 jiia. As a military Itation, occupied by a ailony of Romans, 

 it mud have been a place of fome extent and confequence. 

 This is evident from the veftiges that remain, and from the 

 ■various difcoverie= that have been made at different periods. 

 The form of the fortified Ration was that of a parallelogram, 

 divided into four equal parts by two- ftreets, which croffed it 



LIN 



atfight angles. At the extremities of thefe were four forti- 

 fied gates, nearly facing the four cardinal points. The 

 whole was encompaffed by an embattled wall, which, 011 

 three fides, was flanked by a deep ditch, but on the fouth 

 fide the lleepnefs of the hill rendered a fofs nnneceffary. 

 The area, thus inclofed, was about 1300 feet in length by 

 1200 in breadlh, and is ellimated to have contained thirty- 

 eight acres. The walls have been levelled with the ground ; 

 and three of the gales have been long fince demohlhed. The 

 remaining eate, to the north, which is called Newport gate, 

 is deleribed by Dr. Stukeley as " the noblcff remnant of this 

 fort in Britain, as far as I know ;'' and he expreffes much 

 furprile, that it had not "been taken notice of" before his 

 time. The great or central ^lateway has a femi-circular arch, 

 fixteefi feet in diameter, formed with twenty-fix large Hones, 

 apparently without mortar. Tlieheight is twenty-two feet ar.d 

 a lialf, of which eleven are buried beneath the ground. On 

 each fide of the arch are feven courfes of horizontal (lones> 

 called fpringers, lome of wiiieli are from fix to feven feet in 

 length. On each fide of the arch are tv. o fmall lateral door- 

 ways or pofterns. A mafs of the old Roman wall is ffill 

 to be feen eaftward of this gate ; and to the weft is another 

 large mafs, called the mint-wall, which was about fixteen 

 feet high and forty feet long, and had fcaftold-holes and 

 marks of arches. Mr. Gough fnppofed this to be part of 

 a Roman granary. Southward of the Itation above deftribed^ 

 were other Roman works, which extended from the brow 

 to the bottom of tlie hill. It appears that a fortified wall, 

 with towers at the corners, continued from the top to the 

 bottom of the hill, where it turned at right angles by the 

 fide of the river. Thefe fortitications undcnvent feveral al- 

 terations and additions, during ih^ various wars to which t!ie 

 place was fubjefted. Hence it i- very difficult, if not wholly 

 impoffible, to define what is really of Roman origin, or of 

 Saxon or Norman workmanflii]). It is equally perplexing 

 to ifcertain the time of efhibliffiing the firlt colony here 

 forming the ftation, building the walls, or extending the 

 city. Various coins and other remains of antiquity have 

 been difcovered here. In 1739, three (lone coffins were 

 found at the loutk weft corner of the clofe, near theChec-- 

 quer gate. Beneath thefe was a teflellatcd pavement, and 

 under that a Roman h\ pocauit. A fimilar difcovery was 

 made in 1782. In the tenth volume of the Archaeologia is a 

 delcripticn of an ancient place of fepultuie, difcovered in an 

 open field, half a mile from the eaft gate of the ancient 

 Lindum. In 1790 was found, abo.it three or four feet belo\ir 

 the furface, a very curious fepulchral monument, evidently 

 Roman, and of fome perfon of high rank. Many frag- 

 ments of antiquity were preferved by the Rev. Dr. Gordon, 

 the precentor of the cathedral, who gives an account of fe- 

 veral earthen and glais urns, which were difcovered in the 

 fame field, fome of which were of fingular (liape. He alfo • 

 delcribts a room, twenty feet by fixteen, which was difco- 

 vered in a quarry. The fame field having been broken up 

 for the purpofes of quarrying, feveral i-.one coffins of va- 

 rious fliapes have at dKferent times been difcovered in the 

 loofe ground, which covers a fubftratiim of rock. From 

 thefe, and from other cfrcumftances, it is highly probable 

 th.1t this was a Roman burial-ground. 



Soon after the Romans quitted the ifla'id, Lincoln, in 

 common with other places of confequence, (hared in the 

 general calamities which cnfued by the incurfions of the 

 Pifts', Saxons, and Danes. At what period the Saxons firft 

 poffeffed themfelves of this city does not appear in hilloi^' : 

 but early in the fixth century we find Arthur, king of Bri- 

 tain, obtaining great advantage* over the combined ferccs of 



li tke 



