LINCOLN. 



hit of Jate been confiderably improved, by making a new 

 road, paving the footways, and erecting a new market 

 place. 



Lincoln has an extenfive trade in corn and wool, of which 

 great quantities are exported into York.(hi4-e, by veffcls 

 which obtain a back freightage of coals and other neceffary 

 articles for the life of the interior. This city is a county of 

 itfclf, having f'.ibjeft to it four townftiips in the vicinity, 

 ])racebridge, Caiiwick, Branllon, and Waddiiigton, called 

 the " Liberty of Lincoln.'' This privilege wis conferred in 

 the third year of George I. ; and in official acts it is deno- 

 minated, " The Citv and County of the City of Lincoln." 

 Its vifcountial jurifdicliion extends twenty miles round ; a 

 privilege unequalled by that of any city in the kingdom. 

 In the 26th year of Edward L A. D. 129S, WiUielmua 

 Difney and Johannes Marmion were fummorted to parlia- 

 ment an its tirll reprefentatives. In the hillory of the bo- 

 rougiis of Great Britain, it is faid, " This city had fum- 

 mons, with London and York, to fend members to parlia- 

 ment, the forty-ninth of Henry III." The right of eleition 

 is coniidered to be in the freemen, and the number of voters 

 is about eleven hundred. The political influence, though by 

 no means abfolutc, is pofTefTed by lord Delaval, who has a 

 feat at Doddington, in the neighbourhood. The civil go- 

 vernment of Lincoln is veiled in a corporation, confilting of 

 a mayor, twelve alder:nen, two fherifls, twenty-eight com- 

 mon-coancilmen, and four chamberlains ;■ witli a recorder, 

 deputy recorder, lleward of the courts of borough-mote, 

 a town-clerk, four coroners, four ferjeants of the key, or 

 bailiffs, and other inferior officers. The city was incorpo- 

 rated fo early as the feventh year of Edward II. ; Henry 

 Bell being then th; lirll mayor. Leland, in his defcription 

 of Lincoln, enumerates live " Gates in t'le waulles of 

 the citie," and obferves, " It is eafy to be perceived, that 

 the towne ot Lincoln hath been notably builded at three 

 tymes." 



Of the callle, built by the Conqueror, little now re- 

 mains ; and the area is occupied bv buildings appropriated 

 to ufes of the municipal power. The few remaining velliges 

 convey the fame idea of original Norman architedture as 

 tliat of York, erected nearly at the fame period. The 

 keep was not included, but Hood half without and half 

 within the callle wall, which afcendcd up the flopcs of the 

 hill, and joined the great tower. This being fituated on a 

 high artificial mo-int, it was equally inaccefTible from within 

 cr without t!ic callle area. It was nearly round, and covered 

 tl.e fumniit of the mount. The walls are above leven feet 

 in thicknefs. In a corner of the area is a curious fmall build- 

 ing, appearing on tlie outfide like a tower, called Cob's- 

 hall ; which Mr. King thinks was originally ufed as a 

 chapel. 



Few places in the kingdom exhibit fo many ancient re- 

 mains as Lincoln. Saxon, Norman, and pomted arches ; 

 and door-ways with turrets, walls, mullions of windows, 

 2nd othyer fragments of old dilapidated buildings, appear in 

 '■very direction. Its numerous ciuirches and rehgious lioules, 

 the velliges of which occafioiially meet t.'ie eye of tire en- 

 quiring traveller, arc hig^iily interelling to the antiquary, as 

 tending to iiluftrate the progrefs of the arts, and thehiilory 

 ot pall ages. The Mint- .vail, mentioned by Mr. Gough, 

 u Hill remaining, and form* part of the inclofure .of a 

 garden. 



Checquer gate, at the weft end of the cathedral, had two 

 gate-boufes ; the wellern one hai been recently taken down ; 

 the remaining one, to theea.l, has three ga.cvvays, and two tur- 

 rets between them. Ir. Eailgate-llreet are two very ancient 

 ^tcways, one o£ which is nearly entire. At the bottom c£ 



the town, near Brayford water, are remains of a fort, caiicd 

 Lucy-tower. In the minfter yard is a large gateway, witli 

 grooves for a portcullis. A large oblong building, in Broad- 

 gate-ftreet, was appropriated to the Grey friars, and dill 

 difplays much of its ancient architecture : part ot this edifice 

 is now ufed as a free-fchool, and the other part as a hbrary. 

 The deanery-houfe was founded by dean, afterwards bifhop, 

 Gravefend, in 1254. The vicar's college, called the Old 

 Vicars, formed a quadrangle, of which there remain only 

 four good houfes, inhabited by the vicars. The bilhop's 

 palace, on the fouth fide of the hill, which, from being 

 iituated near the fummit, Leland defcribed as " hanging in 

 dechvio," was built by bifhop Chefney, to whom the Icite 

 was granted by king Henry II. It was enlarged by fuc- 

 ceeding prelates, and was fcarcely exceeded in gr;uideur by 

 any of our ancient call!e<;. Adjoining to St. Andrew's 

 church-yard formerly ilood the palace of the celebrated John 

 of Gaunt. Oppolite to this hoiife is a large building, called 

 John of Gaunt s llables. It was a large ftrudture, in the 

 Norman Ityle, and formerly confilled of a qnandran-'le, en- 

 cloling a fpacious area ; of which only the north and well 

 fronts remain. The Jew's houfe, on the fide of the hiil, is 

 an objed of great curiolity : it is lingularly ornamented in 

 front, and fome of its mouldings are limilar to thofe round 

 the well doors of the cathedral ; in the centre of the front 

 is a femicircular arched door-wav, with a projefting pilaller^ 

 This houfe was polTeffed by Belafet de Wallingford, a Jewefs^ 

 who was hanged for clipping in the iSth of Edward I. The* 

 Stone-bow, a large tower-gateway, crolling the High-ftreet, 

 is faid to have been erected in the reign of Richard II. ; but 

 the llyle indicates a later date. The High-bridge, over the 

 main llrcam of the Witham, conlilling of one arch, is con- 

 fidered to be at leall live hundred years old. Formerly here- 

 were two grammar fchools, one in the dole, the other in the 

 city : they were united in 1583. The principal modern 

 buildings are, the market houle, eredled 1736 ; the blue- 

 coat-fchool, on the plan of Chnll's-hofpital, London ; the 

 county hofpital ; the county gaol, coullruded on the plaa 

 of Mr. Howard for folitary confinement ; two alTembly* 

 rooms, and a fmall theatre. 



Among the dillinguilhed natives of Lincoln was the late- 

 Dr. 'Willis, celebrated for his treatment of infanity, who 

 died at an advanced age December 1S07. Beauties of Eng- 

 land, vol.ix. I'he Hillory of Lincoln, izmo. 18 10. 



Lincoln", a maritime county of America, in the Hate of 

 Maine, boiuided N. by Kennebeck cwunty, S. by the ocean^ 

 E. by Hancock county, and \V. by that of Cumberland. 

 The i'ea-coail extends from that part of Fenobfcot bay, op- 

 polite to Deer illand callward, to Cape Small-point well- 

 ward. The lea-coall of the counties of Cumberland and 

 Lincoln is ico miles in extent, meafured in a llraight line^ 

 but faid to be above 200 by the courfe of the waters. It 

 abounds with fate and commodious harbours j and the 

 whole fhore is covered by a line of illands, among which 

 velTels may generally anchor in fafety. Acrol's the country 

 there is a water communication by lakes, ponds, and rivers, 

 from the wllern to the eallern bounds ; fo that the produc- 

 tions of the country ma) be conveyed to the different fea- 

 ports. The chief towns are Wifcalfet, Waldoborough, and 

 Warren.— Aifo, a county of Upper Canada, divided into 

 four ridings and 20 townlhips, containing about Coco inha- 

 bitants, and furnifhing five battalions ot militia. It is faid 

 that ly covered waggons brought families to fettle in the 

 vicinity of the county of Lincoln, in June 1799. — Alfe, * 

 county of Morgan dillrid. North Carolina, containing 

 12,568 inhtibitants, of whom 1479 are Haves. In this 

 county are mineral fprings and miiiei of iron. The manu- 



fadurc 



