LINE. 



ditcli, aiiJ countcrrcarp ; obfervliii^ that the fahaiit angles 

 of the coiiiitcrfcarp arc rouiultd ^cfovc the an;^les ot iho 

 rodents. A plan of lljis kind fiiiiiicd from a Imnll Icalc, 

 as of twenty yards to an inth, is ulnully reprcfented by tour 

 parallel lines; one witlioul the nialUr-linc, reprcfentiiig the 

 counterfcarp or out-line of the ditch, and two within, re- 

 prcfenting the breadths of the parapet of the foot-bjnh. 

 In fome cafej, a fliort line is hallily formed by a number of 

 cbivaut lie fiijc chained together ; and in countries abound- 

 ing with wood, a line may be formed by laying, in a pofi- 

 tion pointing to the enemy, the Hems of trees and llielr 

 larger branches, piled on one another to a iufilcient heigiit, 

 and the inlerlllces filled with earth ; fuch a work is called 

 an ahbatis. See Roberlfon's Marino Fort. p. 2, &c. 



l.INK, Fundnmtr.tal, is the finl line drawn for the pLin of 

 a place, and which (hews its area. 



LiNii, Ciipilal, in Forlylcation. See Capital. 

 Link, Ctnlral, is that drawn from the angle of the cen- 

 tre, to that of the baftion. 



Iasz of Defence. See Defence. 

 1a^& of Defence fichant. See Defence. 

 Iask of Defence razcnt. See Di-ir.NCE. 

 LiSE of ylpproach, or Attack, fignilies the work which 

 the befiegers carry on under covert, to gain the moat, and 

 the body of the place. See Afi'ROACIIEs. 



hx'SK cf Coun/er-al)preach. St:eCoViiTEll-aJ>/>roach. See 

 Plate VI. Forlijicat'.oii, Jij. 6. > 



Line of CircumvaUatwn, is a line or trench cut by the be- 

 fiegers, within cannon-rtiot of the place, which ranges round 

 their camp, and fecures their quarters againil any relief to 

 be brought to the bellegcd. See Cihcu.mvallation. 



Line of Contrnvalhiti'jn, is a ditch bordered with a pani- 

 pct, which ferves to cover the befiegers on the iidc ot the 

 place, and to ttop the fallies of the garrifon. Sec CoN- 



TltAVALLATIOy. 



LiSES of Commmikation, are thofe which run from one 

 work to another. Sec Pl.iie'Vl. Fortification, fi^. 7. See 

 alfo Communication. But 



Th Line of Communication, more cfpecially fo called, is 

 a continuad trench, with which a circumvaliation, or contra- 

 vallation h furrounded ; and which maijitains a communica- 

 tion with all its forts, redoubts, and tenailles. 



Line of the Bafe, is a right line, which joins the points of 

 the two neared hall ions. 



To Line a Work, fignifies to face it, chiefly with brick 

 or Hone; e. gr. to itrengthen a rampart with a firm wall, or 

 to euccmpafs a parapet or moat with good turf, &c. 

 Line, Indented, in Forliftcutian. See Redexs. 

 Lines, among Fo-wlers, arc nfed to exprcfs the ilrings by 

 •which they catch birds. The large and fmall land birds 

 are taken by them with equal eafe, and fometimes the water- 

 fowl. 



Thefe lines are made of long and fmall cords, knotted in 

 different places, and containinir in length as many fathom as 

 the places where they are to be laid requiiv. Plovers, and 

 the larger wild-fowl, are very conveniently taken by them. 

 When tliefe llrin^-. are to be ufed, they mult be limed with 

 the ftrongeft bird-lime that can be got, and then coming to 

 their haunts before the evening flights, that is, before fun-fet ; 

 or, for the morning flights, at leail two hours before day, 

 the fportfman is to carry a parcel of fmall ilitks, each about 

 two feet long, and fnarpencd at both ends, but having a little 

 flit at one end like a fork. The plain end of each (lick is 

 to be ftuck into the ground, in fuch a manner, that the 

 ftick ftandiag aflant, its upper, or forked end, may be about 

 a foot and a h:ilf from the furface. The hmed llrings arc 

 viKD to be carried along all thcfe Hicks, in ditTerent rovvs; 



fome higher ihan others. Every row of the flicks is thus 

 to be tilled, and the whole haunt covered with the lines. 

 I'hc plover, and other birds that fly low, when they come 

 to then- haunt?, fly directly in ainontjil the llrings, and are 

 taken ii: great numbers ; the whole flight coming in at once, 

 and covering all the place, fo that thofe which are not yet 

 aligliled, have no opportunity of feeing the diilreis of their 

 companions. There is no need for the fportfman to be con- 

 llanlly ujion the watch for the taking of the birds ; fur 

 when once they are taken they cannot loofen themfclves, fo 

 that he may come and take them up at his own time. The 

 water-iowl may beeafily taken, in the fame manner, by ob- 

 ferving their haunts, and flretching thefe lines, in feveral 

 rows, acrofs the brook, or river, iome higher, and fome 

 lower, the loweft lying a'moll at the edge of the water. 

 Thefe mud: never be ufed on moonlight nights on the occa- 

 fion ; for the fliadow of the llrings in the water \pill then 

 fright them away. 



Line, in Genealogy, is a feries of fucceffipn or relations in 

 various degrees, all defcending from the fame common 

 father. 



B4ne, DircS, is that which goes fiotn father to fon ;. 

 which is the order of aicendants and dcfcendants. See 

 DiitEcr. 



Line, Collateral, is the order of thofe who defcend from 

 fome common father, related to the former, but out of the 

 line of alcendants and defcendants. In this are placed 

 uncle-, aunts, coufins, nephews, &c. See Collateu.vl. 

 See alfo Consanglinity and Descent. 



Line, in Geography and Kavlgati-m, is ufed by way of 

 eminence for the equator or equinodial line. 



The line in the heavens is a circle defcribed by the fun in 

 his courfe on the 20th dav of March, and the 23d of Sep- 

 tember. The line on the earth is an imaijinary circle 

 anfvvering to that in the heavens. It divides the earth from 

 call to well, into ti»'0 equal parts, and is at an equal 

 dillance from the two poles ; fo that thofe who live under 

 the lir.o have the poles always in their horizon. 



The latitudes commence from the line. 



The feamen have fometimes pratlifed the ceremony of 

 chrillening their frcfh men, and paffengei-:*, the lirft time 

 they crofs the line. See Bai'TISM. 



Lines, in Heraldry, llie figures ufed in armories to di- 

 vide the fliield into different parts, and to compofe different 

 figures. 



They are of difTerent forms, and were it not for this,, 

 many arms would be one and the fame, for a chief wavy 

 differs from a plain chief, by the lines -.hich compofe them, 

 and tlie heralds fliew particular reafous for ali thefe different 

 forms of lines. 



Thefe lines, according to their forms and names, give de- 

 nomination to the pieces or figures which they form, except 

 the llraight or plain lines, which are carried evenly through 

 the efcutclieoa, and are four, "viz. the perpendicular line, 

 the horizontal-, the diagonal line dexter, and the diagonal 

 line finifler. 



The crooked lines, which are carried unevenly through 

 the efcutcheon, rifing and tiHing, are thxfe : firit the iii- 

 grailed or engrailed, and inverted or invented ; thefe, when 

 reprefented together, arc fomewhat known the one from the 

 other, being oppofite to one another, both being made, as 

 it were, of femicircles : the ingralled with the points up- 

 ward, the invedled with the points downward. But this is 

 not a fufficient diflincliou : for fuppole the fpace between 

 them which they form be a fefs, then the whole is only in- 

 grailed, not invecled ; for the fefs ingrai'ed mud have the 

 points on both fidca turned towards the field, and the convex 



or 



