L I N" 



•ccafional linings, would not retain fuflicient heat to forward 

 tlifir relpective plants, ixc. to proper pcrfcftion. 



The dung for this purpofe lliould be of the bell frefh 

 liorfe liable kind, moiil and full of a ftcamy lively heat, 

 being prepared in the manner defcribcd under Mor-Bed, 

 »iid in proper quantity to make the lining fubllantial, as i^ 

 or i8 inches wide, and as high as the dung of the hot-bed; 

 as, when too (lender, they do not effeft the intended pur- 

 pofe, efpeciaily in early beds, or when the heat is confider- 

 mbly decreafed. 



And in early hot-bed work, care (hould be taken, ac- 

 cording to tl;e extent of the bed or beds and feafon of the 

 year, to allot and referve a fufEciency of dung for linings ; - 

 early beds in very cold weather will generally require more 

 fubllantial and frequent linings than later made beds in the 

 advanced fpring months ; and^ fome hot-beds, for flight or 

 temporary ufes, jull to raile plants far two or three weeks, 

 will fometimea require but very little or no linings. Hot- 

 beds made late, as in the beginning or any time in May, 

 will need but very trifling linings, or fome not a: all, except 

 in particular ufes, as when plants are rather backward in 

 growth, the weather cold, and the bed declined mucli in 

 heat, when,- probably, even in May, or beginning of June, 

 a final moderate hning may become neceffary. 



It is neceffary that the requifite linings rtiould always be 

 applied to the refpeclive hot-beds in proper time, which may 

 be afcertained by examining the (late of heat ; not letting 

 them dechne too confiderably before they are applied, but 

 to continue always a moderately lively heat, but never vio- 

 lent. Linings are fometimes applied by degrees, raifiwg 

 them only half-way at firll ; adding more in height in a few 

 days, and thus proceeding till they are raifed to the height 

 of the hot-beds. 



And in application of linings, it is generally neceflary to 

 line only one fide at a time, commonly the back part of the 

 bed firll ; and m a week or fortnight after, to line the front 

 fide, and both ends, if neceffary ; or in particular cafes of 

 the hot-bed having fuddenly declined, or been permitted to 

 decreafe very confiderably in heat before applying the lining, 

 to line both fides moderately at once, about i 2 or i^ inches 

 in width, but only as high as the dung of the bed at firll ; 

 being afterwards a little augmented by degrees, according as 

 the dung of the lining fettles. 



The general requifite thicknefs or fubdance of the linings 

 is from 12 to 15 or 18 inches width in dung, and as high as 

 the dung of the bed, or fometimes a few inches higher : but 

 for early beds of cucumbers, melons, or other plants of long 

 continuance in hot-beds, they fhould generally, be laid from 

 15 to 18 inches in width at bottom, as conceived necefTary, 

 luuTowing the width gradually upwards to 8, 10, or 12 

 itKhes at top, which may be raifed at once to the full height 

 of the dung of the bed, or a few inches higher up the fide 

 df the frame, to allow for fettling : but with a llrong lining, 

 great caution (hould be ufed in railing it much above the 

 dung of the hot-bed, elpecially when made of very lirong, 

 hot, ileamy dung, for fear either of its throwing in a too 

 ftrong heat above to burn the internal earth of the bed, or 

 imparting a copious rank ileam to penetrate within the 

 frame, which would lleam-fcald the tender plants which may 

 be contained thei-ein. 



As foon as the hnings are raifed to the intended height, it 

 is proper in general to lay a (Iratum of earth at top two 

 inches thick, clofe up to the bed or bottom part of the 

 t frame, doping a little outward to throw olf the falH.ig wet 

 cf rain, fnow, &c. ; which top-covering of earth is efVential, 

 both to keep the heat of the linings from efcaping too con- 

 fiderably above, is order that it may be direded more ef- 



* LIN 



fei^ually to its intended purpofe of imparting its wholit 

 principal heat internally to the revival of that of the bed, 

 and prevent the ilrong fleam arifing immediately from the 

 rank dung from entering the frame at bottom, or through 

 any fmall crevice, or at top, when the lights are occafionaliy 

 niifed for the admilTion of frefii air ; as iie rancid dung Itcani 

 thus produced, without being moderated and correfted by 

 firll pafTing through a (Iratum of cartli, if it (hould enter 

 within the frame confiderably, vrould prove very pernicious 

 to moll plants, and b« the total dcllruclion of fome par- 

 ticular kinds. 



And conllant care muft be taken, that as the heat of the 

 linings declines to any extent, they niuil, as jull noticed,, 

 be renewed by a fupply of frefii hot dung. This may fome- 

 times be elfeited by turning over, and (liaking up the fame 

 dung mixedly together, diredily for.Tiing it again into a 

 lining : or fome of the bell or leaft decayed or exhaulled 

 parts of the old hning may only be ufed, mixing it up pro- 

 perly with a good fupply of new dung, applying it immedi- 

 ately in a proper fubllantial hning as before. In eitherof 

 thefe ways, frefh air is entangled, by which a new ferment-- 

 ation and heat is brought on. However, where the dung 

 of the hnings is greatly exliauded, frefli dung (hould moftly 

 be ufed in the renewal of the heat. 



And linings of hot dung are fometime.rufed fubllantially, 

 in working fome forts of forcing-frames, in raifing early 

 flowers and fruits, by applying the dung againil the back 

 of the frame, two or three feet in width at bottom, car-- 

 rowing gradually to a foot and a half, or lefs, at the top,, 

 railing the whole according to the height of the frame, from 

 four or five to fix or feven feet ; which heating ouufiderably- 

 againil the whole back of the frame, communicates the heat 

 internally, by which the different plants are forwarded to- 

 early production ; fuppurting the internal heat by renewin"" 

 the linings, as already direcied. See YoRLisc-Frariw, and 

 Garili!i-¥ HAilE. 



Linings of dung are alfo fometimes uled in fupporting the 

 heat of nurlery hot-beds for yoiuig pine-apple plants, and: 

 fome other exotics of the hot-houle or (love, both in dung 

 and tan-bark hot-beds, under proper frames and glalFes ; as 

 well as thofe wintered in thefe detached hot-beds dillinft 

 from the hof-houfe, &c. in which a conllant regular heat, 

 almod equal to that of the Hove, muft be fupported ; fo 

 that, when the natural heat of th'i bed is on the decline, a 

 (Irong lining of hot dung muft be applied, half a yard or 

 two feet wide below, narrowing moderately upward, and 

 contimied on both fides occafionaliy; and as the heat of 

 them fubfides, it muft be immediately renewed by a lupply 

 of frefti dung, either worked up with the belt of that of the 

 declined dung ; or, if this be too much decayed, wholly of 

 new :■ and thus the hot-beds maintained in a proper degree 

 of heat from the autumn until the fpring feafon, when they 

 become unnecelTary. 



And the decayed dung of the dilTercnt linings, when 

 done with, becomes excellent manure far. the kitchen-garden 

 departments. 



Lining, in Majl-Mah'ir.g., denotes the marking of the. 

 length, breadth, or depth of any thing, according to 

 defign, by a cord, rubbed with white or red chalk, fadened. 

 at the extremities, and foVcibly pulled up in the middle, or. 

 towards one end, then let fall perpendicularly, if meant to 

 be (Iraight, or thrown fideways to form a curve. . Accuracy 

 in the latter performance requires pradlice. 



Ll-siNGS, in Sail-Making, fignify the canvas fewed on the . 

 backs and middle of a (ail, to llrengthen it. 



LINITAN, in Ccosmphy, a fmall iiland in the Ead- 

 4 ludiaa 



