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lar and well defined prifms. The ftone of wliich thefe are 

 coTtipofcd is of a light bliieifh colour. 



The royal boroughs in this county are Linlithgow and 

 Queensferry. The former is the fhire town, ar.d (ituated 

 in the interior of the county. The latter ftinds on the 

 coafi; of the Forth, about nine miles weft from Edinburgh. 

 It was formerly of more importance than at prcfent ; it 

 being- now totally deilitute of trade. A particular account 

 of thefe boroughs will be found under their refpeftive 

 names. 



Borrowftownefs, or Bo-nefs, is the principal fea-port 

 town in rhis county. It is a borough of barony, governed 

 by a bailiff appoint^ by tV"> duke of Hamilton. The honfcs 

 in this place are low and crowded, and much injured in ap- 

 pearance, by the Imoke of tlie numerous fait pans with 

 which it abounds. The produce of thefe pans, and of the 

 coal-works in the neiglibourhood, are the chief articles of 

 export from this town. The harbor.r is confidered very 

 fafe. About thirty fail of fliipping belong to perfons refident 

 on the fpot. Many others frequent this harbour in the courfe 

 of trade. The imports are ufually tallow, hemp, timber, 

 flax, and flax-feed. The herri.yg fifhery is carred on here, 

 but, being hazardous ard precarious, fcarcely deferves notice 

 in mentioning the commerce of this port. Kineel houi'e, 

 belonging to the duke of HamiUon, is beautifully lituated 

 on the (hore of the Forth, not far from the town. The 

 village of Bathgate ftands on the fouthern declivity of the 

 hills which bear its name, and foim a part of the range al- 

 ready mentioned, as running through the centre of the 

 county. Here, as well as in the village ot Whitbuiti, fitu- 

 ated on the mod fouthern road between Edinburgh and 

 Glafgow, a number of weavers are employed by the Glaf- 

 gow manufafturers. At prelent neither of thefe places is 

 of much importance : but in the event of the propofed 

 canal, formerly noticed, being carried into effect, it is not 

 improbable thev would foon rife into confiderable dillinc- 

 tion. Befides thefe, there are tew other villages in this 

 county which do not, however, require particular notice. 

 Among the antiquities of this county is the termination of 

 the celebrated Roman barrier, or wall of Antoninus. It enters 

 Linlithgowfhire near the village of Inner Avon, and pro- 

 ceeds by Kineel houle to the village of Carriden, behind 

 the church of which, it is probable, the lall or nineteenth 

 fort, counting from tke Clyde, was ftationed, though no 

 remains of the work can now be difcovered beyond the in- 

 clofiires of Grange. Two miles eaft from Carriden, and 

 one and three quarters weft from Abercorn, is Blacknefs 

 cattle, which, from its fituation with regard to the wall, 

 feems not improbably to have been the Roman port on the 

 Forth. In Abercorn parifh, on a point north-eall from the 

 church, Abercorn ca'tle was formerly fituated: It was one 

 of the ftrong holds of the Druglafes, and was taken by 

 ftorm, after a long fiege, by James II. during his coiitell 

 with that family. After this it wAs never repaired, and 

 Buchanan mentions it as a ruin in his time. The moil an- 

 cient monaftery in Scotland was lituated here, as we learn 

 from the venerable Bcde, after whofe time it is not men- 

 tioned in hi'.lory. In Torphechen parifh was a houfe for the 

 knights of St. John ; it was founded by kinr David I. This 

 preceptory was a place of refuge, or funduary. In the 

 church-yard is a Ixono with a St. Jihn's crofs on it, and four 

 fimilar ones at the ditlancc of a mile each. This parifh is 

 alfo diftingnifhed by four great ftones, fituated about a 

 mile eall of the vilLge, which arc faid to have been a Drii- 

 idical temple. In Kirklillon parilh is anotiier remarkable 

 ftone, known to the iiil abitants by the name of the Cal 

 fione. It is four feet and a half high, and eleven feet 

 Vol. XXI. 



and a half in circumference. The form is tliat of an ir- 

 regular prifm. On one fide is the following infcription, 

 rudely, but deeply, cut, the explanation of which hss puzzled 

 manyantiquaries. " In' oc.Ti;mvi.(> jACi uett.v D uicta.'' 

 ThQ church of Dalmeny may likewife be ranked among the 

 anriquities of this county. Concerning the date of its 

 erection nothing is known. Its architefture is of that mid- 

 dle lort vvhi h has received the appellation of .Saxon. It is 

 a fmall building, apparently with Grecian windows, but 

 upon inveltigation, the fliafts are found to be difpropor- 

 tionate. The ealiern portion of this church is vaulted with 

 fjmicircular arches, having mouldings chiefly in the form of 

 liars and other decorations. Sinclair's Statiftical Account 

 of Scotland. Chalinrr's Caledonia. 



LINNjEA, in Botany, {o caded in honour of the great 

 Swedilh naturalill, (fee LiN.v.i;i.s,) appears by the journal of 

 his Tour to Lapland to have been chof. n by himlelf to com- 

 memorate his own name, when he gathered it at Lykfele, 

 May 29, 173?. Former botani'ls had called this elegant 

 and fingular Irtle plant Campanula ferpyKfoYia ; but Lin- 

 nius, profecuting the iludy of vegetables on the onlv certain 

 pnnciples, the ftructure ot their parts of fructification, foon 

 found this to con'.Utute a new genus. He referved the idea 

 in his own breall, till his diicoveries and publications had 

 entitled him to botanical commemoration, and his friend 

 Gronoviu?, in due time, undertook to make this genus 

 known to the world. It was publifhed by Linnseus himfelf 

 in the Genera Plantarum, ed. I, in 1737, ar.d the fame year 

 in the Flora Lapfomca, with a plate, being moreover men- 

 tiored in the Critka Botaoica, p. 80, as " a humble, de- 

 fpiled, and neglected Lapland plant, flowering at an earlj- 

 »ge," like the pcrfon whofe name it bears. Linn. Gen. -319. 

 Schreb. 41S. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 340. Mart. Mill. Dic^. 

 v. 3. Sm. Fl. Brit. 666. Juff. 211. Lamarck llluftr. t. 5:^6. 

 — Oafs and order, Didynamia Angiufpirm'ta. Nat. Ord. 

 Aggregoia, Linn. Ceprlfolia, Jufl". 



Gen. Ch. C<j/. Perianth double ; that of the fruit inferior, 

 of two or four leaves ; the outennoft of which are oppofite 

 and minnte ; the others eUiptical, concave, ered, hifpid, 

 clofed around the germen, permanent : that of the Hower 

 (the proper one) fuperior, of one leaf, in five ereft, narrow, 

 acute, equal, deep fegments. Cor. of one petal, above 

 twice as long as its perianth, belLlliaped, its border in five 

 rather deep, ofetufe, nearly equal divificns. Stam. Fila- 

 ments four, awl-fnaped, mferted into the bottom of the 

 corolla, two of them much the fn-.allefi ; anthers comprefled, 

 verfatile. PjJ}. Germen roundifh, inferior ; flyle thread- 

 fhaped, ftraight, the length of the corolla, inclining ; lligma 

 globofe. Peril. Berry dry, ovate, of liiree cells, clothed 

 with the hif"id glutinous perianth of the fruit, deciduous. 

 Seeds roi:ndifh, two in each cell. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx double ; that of the fruit of two or four 

 leaves ; that of the flower fuperior, in live deep divifions. 

 Corolla bell-lhaped. Berry dry, of three cells. 



Obf. The two outer or fnialler leaves of the inferior calyx 

 are often wanting. When prefent thev are like the inner 

 ones in (hape, though fmaller in fize, and {land like them 

 clofe to the germen, being totally diftinft fioin the brae 

 teas, which are a little remote from them, lancsolate and 

 acute. i' 



1. "L. borealis. Linn Sp. Fl. 880. Fl. Suec. 319. t. i. 

 Fl. Lapp. ed. 2. 214. I. 12. f. 4. Engl. Bot t. 433. Fl. 

 Dar. t 3. (Campanula fcrpyllifoha ; Bauh. Prodr 3j.)-_ 

 Native ot dry ftony moffy ancient fir woods, in Sweden, 

 Siberia, Rulfia, Switzerland, Scotland, and North Ame- 

 rica, flowerii^g in May and June. Linnzus defcribes it in 

 his Lapland Tour, v. 1. 20, as cluthing maffes of Hones, 

 P being 



