LINNjEUS. 



made his refidence at Upfal uncomfortable. Thcfo were, 

 tlie jeal'iufy of Dr. Rofcn, wlio wns ambitious of fuccecdinij 

 RiiJbeck whenever his Prof fTorlhips fhoiild become vacant, 

 and who by his fuccefs as the only prailifinji- phylician at 

 Upfal, was likely to prove a formidable rival ; as well as 

 fome domellic chasrrin, which he thns relates. " The failh- 

 lefs wife of the librarian Norrclius lived at this time in Rud- 

 beclt's lioiife, and by her LiniKEus was made fo odious to 

 his patronefs, that he could no longer ftay there." — In the 

 end of the year 1731 he retired to his native place, and foon 

 received, from the Academy of Sciences at Upfal, an ap- 

 pointment to travel through Lapland, under the Royal au- 

 thority, and at the cxpence of the Academy. 



After a viiit to Lund in the fpring of 1732, Linna»u5 

 fet out from Upfal, May 12th, on his Lapland expedition. 

 He travelled on horfeback, but flenderly provided with bag- 

 gage, and after vifiting the Lapland alps on fost, and de- 

 fcending to the coaft of Norway, of which he has given a 

 molt picbirefque and ftriking dcfcription, returned by Tor- 

 nea, and the call fide of the Bothnian gulf, to Abo, and fo 

 to Uplal, whiih he reached on the lotli of Oftober, having 

 performed a journey of near 4000 Engllfli miles. The par- 

 ticulars of his interefling expedition have lately been given 

 to the public, in an Englijh tranllation of the original journey 

 written on the fpot, illullrated with wooden cuts from his 

 own (ketches, making two ochr.o volumes. This docu- 

 ment, a faithful iranlcript of his own mind, and written 

 folely for his own uie, gives a moil amiable and refpedtable 

 idea of the chara«ler and acquirements of this celebrated 

 man, at this period of his life. 



Having learned the art of afTaying metals during ten days' 

 refidence at the mines of Biorknas, near Calix, in the courfe 

 of his tour, he next year gave a private courfe of Icftures 

 on that fubjett, which had never been taught at Upfal be- 

 fore. The jealoufy of Rofen, however, ilill purfued him ; 

 and this rival defcended fo low as to procure, partly by in- 

 treaties, partly by threats, the loan of his manufcript lec- 

 tures on botany, which Linnaeus deteded him in furrepti- 

 tioufly copying. Rofen had taken by the hand a young 

 man named Wallerius, who afterwards became a ditlin- 

 guiflied mmeralogill:, and for whom he now procured, in 

 oppofitioii to Linnaeus, the new place of adjun8, or aflllk- 

 ant, in the medical faculty at Lund. But the bafell adion 

 of Rofen, and which proved envy to be the fole foiirce of 

 his conduft, was, that having married the niece of the arch- 

 bifhop, he obtained, through his lordlhip's means, an order 

 from the chancellor to prevent all private medical lettures 

 in the univerfity. This, for which there could be no mo- 

 tives but confcious inferiority and malice, deprived Liniiasus 

 of his only means of fubtittence, and the iludents of any in- 

 formation which might endanger their reverence for his 

 rival. He is faid to have been fo exafperated, as to have 

 drawn his fword upon Rofen, an affront with which the 

 latter chofe to put up, as, doubtlefs, became the profperous 

 nephew of an archbifhop ; but Linn:eus cannot be excul- 

 pated of hai'ing, for fome time afterwards, indulged feel- 

 ings of paffionate rcfentment, and even of meditated re- 

 venge. Thefe, however, bis better principles and difpo- 

 fitions, after a while, entirely fubdiied, and Rofen, towards 

 the clofe of his life, was glad of the medical aid of the 

 man he had in vain endeavoured to crufh. 



Difappointed in his views of medical advancement, Lin- 

 PSEUS turned his thou-hts more immcdia'ely to the fubjedl 

 of mineralogy. In the end of the year 1 733, he had vilited 

 fome of the principal mines of Sweden, and had been intro- 

 duced to Baron Reutcrholm, governor i:f the province of 

 Palarne, or Dalecarlia, retiJcnt U Fahlun. This place 



Linnneus has perpctuated^ in the tnemory of botanifts, by hi« 

 JAchen Fahlimenfis, a produtlion more refembling fome rami- 

 fication of the neighbouring copper ores, than any thing of 

 vegetable origin. At the perhiafion, as well as at the ex- 

 pence, of the governor, he travelled through the eaftera 

 part of Dalecarlia, accompanied by feven of his ablcfl pu- 

 pils, and the unpublilhcd journal of his tour exills in his 

 library. At F;4ilun he gave a courfe of leflures on the art 

 of alFaying, which was numcroudy attended, and here he 

 (iril became acquainted with Browallius, then chaplain to 

 the governor, afterwards bilhop of Abo. This judicious 

 friend advifed Linnaeus to take his doctor's degree, in order 

 to purine the practice of phyfic, in which he had already at 

 Fahlun met with much fuccefs, and he further recommended 

 him to aim at fome advantageous matrimonial conneftioii. 

 Dr. ,Tohn Morxiis, a phyfician of the place, though at firft 

 not prepoffetrcd in favour of our young adventurer, wliofe me- 

 dical fuccefs had encroached on his own, allowed him to pay 

 his addrelles to his eldell daughter ; but their union was for 

 the prefent deferred. 



In purfuit of the plan pointed out by Browallius, Lin- 

 nxus, having fcraped together about i j/. ilerling, now en- 

 tered on his travels, with a view of obtaining his degree at 

 the cheapcil univerfity he could find, and of feeing as much 

 of the learned world as his chances and means might enable 

 him to do. In the beginning of the year 1735 he fet out, 

 after vifiting his father, lately become 'a widower, in com- 

 pany with another medical liudent, named Sohlbcrg. At 

 Hamburgh his (kill and honefty unfortunately Hood in his 

 way. The brother of one of tlie burgomailers was pof- 

 fe(red of a fpecimen of that reputed wonder, a Hydra with 

 feven heads, the awe and admiration of all who beheld it, 

 upon wiiich its owner, in the true mercantile (lyle, had fixed 

 an enormous hypothetical value. His golden dream was 

 deftroyed by Linnseus, who proved the monfter to be ar- 

 tificial. 



After a (lay of eight days at Amderdam, Linnxus pro- 

 ceeded to Harderwyck, where, having offered himfelf as a 

 candidate, and undergone the requifite examinations, he ob- 

 tained his degree June 23, 1735- On this occafion he pub- 

 hlhed and defended a thefis, entitled Hypolhejis Nova tic 

 Febrium Intermiltiiitlum Caufd, in the dedication of which, 

 to his Alitcemiles ct Patrones, it is remarkable that, among 

 the names of Rudbeck, Rothmann, Stobsus, Mora:us, &c. 

 we find that of Rofen. The hypothefis here advanced, 

 moll correftly fo denominated, is truly Boerhaavian. Inter- 

 mittent fevers are fuppofed to be owing to fine particlta of 

 clay, taken in with llie food, and lodged in the terminations 

 of the arterial fyftem, where they caiile the fymptoms of 

 thedlforder ir. quelkion. If we fmil.' at the theory, v.-e can- 

 not but admire the ingenuity with which it is fupported, 

 and the extent of the author's knowledge and obfervation j 

 nor is the theory itlelf at all lefs refpeclable, than thofe 

 which make a figure in the humoral pathology, univerfally 

 taught at tlrat period, by fome of the greateit medical phi- 

 lofophers of any age. 



In Holland Linnsus became acquainted with Dr. John 

 Frederick Gronovuis (fee GuoNOVJUii), whoalnfted him in 

 publifning the fir!l edition of the celebrated SyJIema Naturip, 

 confilting of eight larg- (hcets, in the form of tables ; whicti 

 edition is now a great bibhotjiecal curiofity. He alfo pro- 

 cured accefs to the illullrious Boerhaave, who encouraged 

 him to remain in Holland ; bat this advice could fcarcely 

 have been followed, had he not met with a patron in Bur- 

 mann, of Amfterdam, who was then preparing his Tbtfaurus 

 Zeylankus, and who received Linnxus into his houfe, as his 

 guell for fome months, during which period he printed his 

 I Fundamenla 



