LINN^'EUS. 



wTio applied to the chancellor, count Gyllenboror, a com- 

 promife took place. Rofon obtained the pnifefTorfliip of 

 botany, and Lii.nacus that ■ of medicii:e, whilil Wallerius 

 gained only cenfure for the illiberality with which he had 

 profecuted his clairrs. By an amicable adjiiflment which 

 \Tas confirmed by authority, the two new profefTors after- 

 v.ards divided their official duties between them, lo as bed 

 to fuit the talents of each. 



A war chancing- to break out between Sweden and Ruffia, 

 Linns'^s was apprelicnfive that he ihould be obliged to at- 

 tend the fleet, inilead of which however, he received the 

 much more agreeable order to travel tlirough iEiand, Gcth- 

 land, &c. for the purpofe of inv- ftigaiing the n 'tural hif- 

 tory and produce of thole countries. He was accompanied 

 by fix of his pupils, and Ipent four months of the fummer 

 of 1741 in his expedition, of which an account was pub- 

 liihed at Stockholm in 174, ; before he began his leftures 

 at Uplal, to which place he removed in the autumn, he de 

 liven d a Latin oration " On the Benefit of travelling in 

 one's own Country," prinred in the 2d vol. of the Amceni- 

 tales, and tranflated by Mr. Stillmgfleet in his MifccUan ous 

 Trafts. Thi< compofition has been much and jultly admired. 

 The next year Linmus undertook the reform of the Up- 

 fal garden, a new grcen-houfe was ereiSed ; an old houle of 

 ftone, built by the great Olaus Rudbeck, who, having fuf- 

 fered fo much by fire, would not admit a bit of wood into 

 the ftruflure, "was converted," as Linnsus fays, "from 

 an owl's neil into a lodging fit for the ProfefTor." In 1743 

 the garden was in a (late to receive thofe copious fupplies of 

 exotics, which the new ProfefTor, in confequence of his ex- 

 tenfive foreign correfpondence, was enabled to procure. 

 He was this year chofen a tnember of the academy at Mont- 

 pellier. His reputation continued to increafe both abroad 

 and at home ; he became R-cretary of the Upfal academy, 

 and was employed on fome public occafions to do the ho- 

 nours of the univerfity. The death of his father-in-law 

 obliged hun to pay a vifit to Fahlun, but he fecms to have 

 gained little by this event, except the old medical library of 

 Dr. MorjEUs, which flill makes a part of his own. In 1746 

 he travelled to Weft Gothland ; an account of his journey, 

 vhich occupied two months, was publifhed the folic ving 

 year. 



In 1745 Linnxns publifhed the firfl edition of his /"/orrt 

 Suecica, and in 1746 iiia fauna Sutcica came out. Thefe 

 works are mode's for fuch compofitions, efpecially their 

 fecond editions, publifhed many years afterwards, with 

 fpecific names, and many valu.ible additions. 



A medal of this diftinguifhed man was ftruck by fome 

 cf his friends in 1746, dedicated to count TefTm. He 

 foon after received the rank and tit'e of Archiater, unfo- 

 licited, from the king, and was the only Swede chofen into 

 the new-modelled academy of Berlin. All thefe honours, 

 however, though he was by no means indifferent to fuch,- 

 appear to have given him lefs delight at this moment, than 

 the acquifition of the herbarium inade by Hermann in Cey- 

 lon, which an apothecary at Copenhagen unki/owingly 

 pofTeffed. Being defirous of becoming better acquainted 

 with the nature of this coUedlion, its owner was recom- 

 mended to Linnaeus, who foon difcovered to whom it had 

 originally belonged, and rejoiced at recovering a treafure 

 ■which had been fuppofed irrecoverably lofl. He laboured 

 day and i.ight, as he tells us, in examining the flowers, and 

 hence originated his Flora Ztylanka, publifhed at Stock- 

 holm m 1747. This herbarium, as well as that of Clif- 

 ford, is now in the pofTeffion of firjofeph Banks. 



The exertions, and dome lie as v; ell as foreign reputation, 

 •f Linnxus, bad now rendered botany extremely popular 



in Sweden, and its interefts were cembined with thofe of 

 commerce in various diflant expeditions and fpeculations. 

 Many of the principal merchants, as well as the nobility, 

 had acquired a tafte for natural hillory, and were proud to 

 further the views of their diftinguifhed ProfefTor, who was 

 now confidered an honour to the nation. Several of his 

 m')ft intelligent pupils were fent to fuch didant countries, 

 a'! he thought moft worthy to be explored ; as the Eaft 

 Indies, China, North and Sou'h America, and the Holy- 

 Land. (See Has.'jelquist, Kalm, and LtEPLixciA.) 

 Their difcoveries enriched his works and his herbarium. 

 The latter alfo received important and very interefting com- 

 munications from Gmelin and others, who had vilited Si- 

 beria, and the original collections of Magnol and Sauvages^ 

 were tranfmitted from Montpellier. Gronovius alfo fur- 

 nifhed many Virginian fpecimens, gathered by Clayton, 

 Such communications, from all parts of the world, grew 

 more and more frequent as Linna;us advanced in life, as 

 did alfo the academical honours which every literary body- 

 was proud to confer upon him. In 1749 appeared his yl/a- 

 term Medica, written in the fame fyilematic and didaftic 

 ftyle as the refl of his works. Of this numerous editions 

 have been publifhed on the continent, but none with any 

 additions or corrections from the author himfelf, though, 

 he has left behind him copious manufcript notes on the fub- 

 jeft. By the curieus fronlifpiece of this book, one would 

 fuppofe that he laughed in his fleeve at the ftate of medical 

 prai^ice in the world, though the body of the work proves 

 he laboured very feiiotifly to improve it. This year he 

 tra%-clled through Scania, &c. and, two years afterw-ard, 

 publifhed an account of this tour, as he had done of the 

 former. It is much to be regretted that thefe travels of 

 Linn^us are not given to the world in a language more 

 generally underftood. There are German tranflalions of 

 them, but we know of no others. He was this year reftor 

 of the univerfity, and it was memorable to him alfo for an 

 attack of the gout, fo violent as to end.mger his life. He 

 always attributed his rcftoration from tliis fit, and other 

 fubfequent ones, to his eating wood (Irawberries, t'nc ouly 

 fort, then at leaft, known in Sweden. Of this fruit his 

 fervants were ordered to purchafe, throughout the feafon, 

 all that were brought to his door, and it made a principal 

 part of his diet. 



To this ,attack of the gout, however diftreffing to the 

 patient, the world is indebted for one of his moft valuable 

 and remarkable works, the Philofophia Bolanica. The iub- 

 ilance of this book mull have been comprehended in the 

 mind of its author when he wrote his Funilamenta Botanha ; 

 of which it is profefTedly a dilatation or exemplification, in 

 the form of a commentary on each aphorifm throughout. 

 But, though he had long meditated on the fubjecl of this 

 publication, which embraces the whole range of botanic 

 fcience, and indeed all the principles of natural knowledge; 

 he had made but a few notes, not being able to digell or- 

 feleft his ideas, fufficiently to his own latisfaiftion, to com- 

 municate them to others. This illnefs however prompted 

 him to relcue from the grave, to which he fuppofed him- 

 felf haftcning, whatever might be of fervice to thofe he left 

 behind ; and his pupil Lo-tling was employed, fitting by 

 his bed-fide, to write down v.-liatever the intervals of his 

 fufTerings would allow hiin to communicate. The manu- 

 fcript afterwards received his own correttions. and the book. 

 came out in 1751. 



About this period the queen of Sweden, Loiiifa Ulrica, 

 fifter to the great FrerTerick of Prudia, having a talle for 

 natural hillory, which her royal contort king Adolphus 

 Frederick alfo patronifed, fliewed much favour to Lin- 



E2Ut< 



