L I N 



L I N 



Alftroemer at Gottenbiirgli, finally arriving at Upfiil in 

 February :783. In his progrefs lie had received fevcral 

 academical honours, as well as ample teftinvinies of fcieiitific 

 and i-crfonal refpc(^t, being a man of agreeable and iinalTiim- 

 ing manners, without "-anity or ollentation, though fome- 

 what, perhaps not unduly, tenacious, that his own difco- 

 veries and performances fliould not be confounded with any 

 thing left behind by his father. But the career of this ex- 

 cellent man was cut Ihort by a bilious fever, wliich con- 

 cluded with a itrokc of apoplexy, November i, i/S^j, in 

 the forty-fecoiul year of his ago. His remains were in- 

 terred with gi-eat folemnity on the 30th of the fame month. 

 His coiBn was laid by the fide of iiis father, and as t!ie 

 male line of the family concluded in him, l\un co-.it of arms 

 vas broken over the grave. After this ceremony the gar- 

 dener of the univerlity ftrewed flowers over the mingled 

 alhes of the father and the fon. A funeral oration in SwcdilTi 

 was. pronounced by M. Von Schulzer.heim, and was foon 

 after publifhed. This compolition, partly tranflated, and 

 much enlarged, in the Englilh edition by Trapp of Stoe- 

 ver's Life of Linna;u3, has afforded much of the fubftance 

 of this article, aflKled by feveral private communications. 



The younger Linnaeus is faid to have had naturally a 

 ftrong and vigorous frame of body, and to have inherited 

 his father's keen and penetrating eyes, as well as his temper 

 and adlive difpoliticn. He was greatly beloved by thofe 

 who knew him, and died generally rcfpefted and lamented. 

 His mufeuna and library reverted to his mother and Cillers, 

 as he had never been married ; and the former indantly 

 fixed her eyes on fir .lofeph Banks, as the rrioll likely per- 

 fon to purchafe thefe relics at the high price, as ilie thought 

 it, of a thoufand guineas. On his refufal, and by his kind 

 recommendation and advice, they came iiito the hands where 

 they now are. The fale was precipitated before the return 

 of the king of S.vedcn, then on his travels, lell he ftiou'd 

 oblige the heirs to dilpofe of the whole at a cheaper rate to 

 the Univerfity of LTpfal. This would aftually have been 

 the cafe, as appears from the exertions made by his Majeily 

 on his return, who fent a courier to the Sound, and a velTel 

 by fea, to intercept the (hip that was bearing away the 

 prize. S. 



LINNET, LlN'ARlA, in Ornith'.hgy, the denomination of 

 a tribe of birds, which fome authors have made a diilinft 

 genus, comprehending feveral fpecies, which are ufually 

 clalTed u'lder the genus FrlngiUa. Thofe who confider them 

 as a diilintl genus, ftatc their charafters to be thele : the 

 birds of it are fomevvhat fmader than the chaffinch ; their ge- 

 ne.-al colour is a greyiih-brown ; their tail is a little forked, 

 the outer feathers of it having white extremities ; and they 

 all ling very fwectly. We have in England four fpecies of 

 this bird. 



1. The common brown linnet, the Fr'm^iUa linota of Gme- 

 lin, well kno.vn to every one. Thefe birds are much ef- 

 teemed for their fong : they feed on feeds of different ki:;Js, 

 which they peel before they eat : the feed of the linum, or 

 flax, is their favourite focd, whence the name of the hniiet 

 tribe. See Fkingilla L'mota. 



2. The I'lr.aria rubra major, or grea'er red-headed linnet, 

 or greater redpole; the Frin^il/ci cannalina of Linnseus. This 

 has a fine red head, a grey neck, a duilcy reddilh brown 

 back, and its breall and bcily are fome'vhat reddilh. The 

 female of this fpecies, however, has no rcdnefs in its head 

 er breail, but has fomevvhat of a greenifh caft on the brown 

 of its back, and is yellovvifh on the breaft, with fome 

 brownilh fpots. It is a common fraud in the bird-lhops in 

 London, when d male bird is dillinguidied from a female by 

 a red breaCl, as in the cafe of this bird, to ihin or paint the 



feathers, fo thr.t the deceit is not cafily difcovcred, withot;t 

 clofe infpeition. This fpecies of linnet is /requent on oup- 

 r..a-coalls, and is often taken in flight time near London. It 

 io a familiar bird, and becomes cheerful in five minutes after 

 it is cau '!;)•,». 



^. Ti\<- llnnr'm rubra minor, or lefl'er red-headed linnet, or 

 Icller redpole ; the FringUlaliiinrla of Linnxus. This is the 

 lealt of all the linnets, and on the back is of the fame colour 

 with tlie common linnet ; the back part of its head is red, 

 and alio i-s breall, but the lower part of its belly is whitilh. 

 In this fpcoies, the female, as well as the male, has a red' 

 head, that of the male being ornamented with a rich fliining 

 fpot of a purplifli-red, and that of the female of a faffrou 

 colour ; and both have their beaks much fl-.arper, and their 

 feet and legs blacker than in the larger kind. This is a gro-, 

 garious bird, whereas the larger fpecies commonly flics lingle. 

 This feems to be the fpecies known about London by the 

 name of Hone redpole. 



4. The lad fpecies is the I'maria tr.oniana, or Fr'mgiUa mon- 

 t'mm, or mountain linnet. This is the largell of all the lin- 

 nets, according to Willughby's defcription, though Mr. . 

 Pennant fays that it is in f:ze rather inferior to the connnon 

 linnet. Its beak is very fmall ; its head and back are of the 

 fame colour with thole of the common linnet, and the feathers- 

 of its breaft and belly are black, edged with white ; tha 

 rump of the male is of a fine and beautiful red, and thus 

 dillinguiflies it from the female. This fpecies is common in 

 Derbyfliire, but feems not fo frequent in other places. How- 

 ever, it is taken in the flight feafon near London with the lin- 

 nets, and called a tu-:te. It breeds, according to Mr. Pen- 

 nant, only in the northern parts of our ifland. Ray and 

 Pennant. 



It is remarkable of the linnet, that when it builds in 

 hedges, and when in furze-bulhes on heaths, in both which 

 places the nefts are very common, they are made of different 

 materials. When they build in hedges, they ivfe the flcnder 

 filaments of the roots of trees, and the down of feathers 

 and thitUes ; but when they build in heaths, they ufc mnfs, 

 principally, for the outer part, finifning it within with fuch- 

 things a? the place will afford, chiefly with wool and hair. 

 Thefe birds will have young ones three or four times a year, 

 efpecially if they are taken away before they are able to 

 leave the nefts. They lay five whitifh eggs, ipotted like thofe 

 of the gold-finch. 



When they are intended to be taught to whillle tunes, or 

 to imitate the notes of any other bird, they are to be taken 

 from the old ones when they are not more than four days 

 old ; for at this time they have no idea of the notes of the 

 old ones, and will readily be taught to modulate their, voice 

 like any thing that is molt familiar to their ears, and « lUiin 

 the compafs of their throats. The honourable Mr. Barnng- 

 ton ohferves, that in order to be certain that a neltling will 

 not have the call of its fpecies, it fliould be taken fron. the 

 nell; when only a day or two oid ; though a bird of this age 

 requires great trouble in breeding, and the chance is greatly 

 againft its being reared. There requires mere care in the 

 feeding them v/hen they are take", thus young, than when 

 they are left in the ncil till nearly fledged, bui; they will 

 be reared very well upon a food half bread and half rape- 

 feed, boiled and bruifed : this mult be given them feveral 

 times a day. It muil be made frcfll every day, and given 

 them fufficiently moift, but not in the extreme. If it be in 

 the leall four, it gripes and kills them ; and if too ftift', it is 

 as mifchievo'is, by binding them up. 



They mull be hung up as fjoii as taken from the neff, 

 under the bird whofe note they are intended to learn ; or if 

 they are to Ije taught to whillle tunes, it mull be done by 



b i-lVUlir 



