L I O 



L I P 



before lo Hulland and the India Ctttlements ; and fe-uiftd tlie lips are rrcqucnlly excited and kept up by a diford 



letters, containing llie detail of them, ^re given to the com- ilate oF the a'odoniinal vifcera, and many iiiilances at firll 



inanders of vefTcls, who are to touch at the Cape ; which taken for cancers, have in the end yielded to different reme- 



Ictters are opened when they arrive within fight of the dies. Thus, a painful induration in the lip, which was fup- 



mountains, that they may afcertain whetlier or not the place pofcd to be an occult eanccr, is recorded to have been cured 



be in the hands of theit countrymen, and accordingly avoid by the employment of emetic and purgative medicines, 



it or proceed to an anchorage in the bay. A cannon is alfo elpccially the helleborus niger. (Jourdain, Maladies de la 



Jired on Lion's head, fo often as to correfpond to the num- Bouclie, toni. ii. p, 172.1 Richter and other continental 



her of fhips that appear, in order to give notice to Cape lurgeons confider it as afcertained, beyond doubt, that many 



Town ; and this notice is facilitated by the reverberation bad ulcers of the lips are connedled .villi gaftrie dilcales, 



which the found makes againll the lleep lides of the Table by which we are to underlland diforders of the vifcera fub- 



niountain. fcrvient to digellion, as the ftomach, liver, bov\'cls, &c. 



L.I»N ii'ylii^ers, I.c, a town of France, in the depart- We are informed of a malignant-looking lore of the lower 



metrt of the Maine and Loire, and chief place of a canton, lip, which proceeded from the projection of an unnaturally 



in the dillrio^l of Segre ; to miles N.N.VV. of Angers. 

 The place contains 1728, and the canton gjyS inhabitants, 

 on a territorv of 2474 kiliometres, in 12 communes. 



LIONARDO DA Vinci, in Bkgraphy. See Da 

 Vixci. 



LIONCELES, in Herahhs, a term for lions when there 

 are more llian tfto of them borne in any coat of arms, and 

 :io ordinary between them. 



long iucil'or tooth of the upper jaw, and which healed ot" 

 itfelf as foon as the irritating tooth was cxtrafted. (Jour- 

 dain, 1. c. p. ig6.) Scorbutic lores upon the lips have 

 fometimcs been niiflaken for cancers, and at length yielded 

 to anti-icoibutic medicines. (Metygcr Adverlaria, vol. ii. ) 

 Even fores wliich iiave been occalioncd on the lips by chil- 

 blains, have fonietimes been erroneoufly regarded :<3 cancers. 

 Many ulcers on the lips which at firll are quite of an harin- 



LIONINE, or Lionade, in the hiHory of the Cotns lefs nature, are rendered malignant bv the llimulating and 



rurrent in Ireland, a name given to certain coins, imported caullic applications made ufe of, alinoft every unheaitliy 



privately from France and other places. There were, be- fore in this lituntion attrafting a fuf])icion of carcinoma, 



iide thefe, many others of tlie fame fort, imprefled with and leading the lially praftitioner to dreis it with irritating 



eagles, roles, and the like, and called by names fignitying and efcharotic fubdances. But the cafes which, of all 



thofe jmprefiions. They were a very bafe and poor fort of others, are the moll liable to be tnillakcn for cancers of the 



money; the penny lionade, or lwn':ne, not coming up to the lip, are venereal ulcer.";. Thefe are faid to have been fome- 



vaKie of the halfpenny of the coin of the kingdom. They times cut out by indifcriminating furgcons, who, in (lead of 



were difcountenanced in the year 1300; and good money feeing the wound heal favourably, have had the double mor- 



being ftruck there, it was made death, -and confifcation of 

 goods, to import any of them, and the run of them was thus 

 itopped. 



Lions, in Ciogniphy, a town of France, in the depart- 

 ment of the Eure, and chief plaee of a canton, in the dillridt 

 of Lcs Andelys ; nine miles N. of Grand Andelys. The 

 place contains 1828, and the canton 9905 inhabitants, on a 

 territory of 12 J kiJionietres, in 1 ^ communes 



tification of witnefTing the return of more cxtenlivc fypln- 

 liiic ulceration in the part, and on the adminillration of 

 mercury, having their blundering conduft dctefled by the 

 offended patient, and expofed to the obloquy of the world. 

 Whoever meditates on the foregoing iacls, mult be con- 

 vinced of the impropriety of making halty and polilive de- 

 cilions, concerning the nature of ulcers on the lips. B.id 

 i!l-lookiniJ- fores are, indeed, formed with particular frc- 



LIOSK, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of quency on thefe parts of the face; but molt of them are 



Troki ; 20 miles W. of Grodno. not cf fo malignant and incurable a characfer, as -to merit 



I^IO TARD, .loHN' Stki'Hf.m, in Biography, a painter the appellation of cancer. Many of them, as we have al- 



in enamel, crayons, and miniature, who was born at Geneva ready listed, are exafperated by wrong modes of treatment, 



in 1702. He went to Paria to (ludy in 1725, and thence and the lips:, in confequence of their inceflTant motion, arc 



iiccompanicd the marquis de Ptnheux to Rome, wh.ere the unquellionably a difadvantagcous place for cicatrization in 



earls of Sandwich and Belborough engaged him to accom- general. 



pany them to Condantinople. There he became acquainted The dlfeafes lo which cuftom has affigned the name of 



with fir Everard Fawkener, our ambaffador, who perftiadcd cancer of the lip, may begin in different ways, and afTume 



him to come to England. various appearances. They often commence in the form of 



He attempted to make himfelf confpfcuous by adopting a warty excrelcencc, which, after attaining a certain fize, 



the habits and manners of the Levant, and acquired by that breaks out into ulceration. They frequently come on in 



and his talents, which were far from contemptible, (parii- the fliape of a pliagedeiiic ulcer; while, in other initances, 



fiilarly in enamel,) a confiderable degree of encouragement they begin as a bard lump, which at lall falls ii.to the ulce- 



umong the nobility and gentry of this country. But his rated flate. In fonie cafes much pain is expericiiced ; in 



pictures want grace and talle ; he v/as too clcife a copyiH of others, the degree of fuffering is inconliderable. The occa- 



what he faw, and did not make his pictures pleafmg enough fional caufcs are fubjeft to equal variety. Sometimes the 



to hold his practice when llofalba became his competitor cv.'^eafe appears to come on of irfelf. In other examples, 



in crayons. its origin is referred to a fm=)ll pirrple, chap, or excoriation 



J..IP, or Lips, in .'Inatomy. See Dr.ci.UTiTlox. of the lip. We arc told of a cafe, where a cancerous ulcer 



Lip, Ca!u:er cf, in Surgery. Such cafes as ufually go cf the tongue and one fide of the mouth occurred, in confe- 



under the denomination ot cancers cf the lip, are attended qiicnce of inadvertently drinking foine liquor, with which an 



with confiderable variety, both in regard to the manner ui i^kerated cancer of the breafl had been wafned. Gooch, 



v.liith they begin, and the appearances which they put on Chirurgical Works, vol. ii; p, 127. 



in their progrcfs. It i% often exceedingly difficult to pro- 

 nounce, with certainty, whether particular ulcers of the lips 

 ought to be called cancers or not. For, if we can trull to 



The lower lip is that which is commonly aiTefled, tire 

 upper one being attacked only in a fmail proportion of the 

 cifes which prcfent themfelves in praifice. It is alfo ai 



■the reports of furgrcal authors, very inveterate fores upon Icged, "hat the dife;ife is much more frequent ia the mala 



than 



