L I P 



rcremble the letter V, and its edges be eafily brought toge- 

 ther with the tvviftod future, as in the operation for the 

 liarc-hp. 



The union of wounds of the lower lip is an exceedingly 

 importaiit objeft, fincc, bcfides the deformity, a more ferious 

 grievance arifcs from the feparation, namely, the continual 

 involuntary difcliarge of the faliva, which is naturally con- 

 fined within the mouth by the lower lip. Nothing can be 

 more annoying than fuch an infirmity, and by impairing 

 digelliou, it alfo proves extremely hurtful to the health. 

 A patient whofc lower lip is fo extenlively difcafed, that 

 extirpation cannot be effeftcd, without inducmg this afflic- 

 tion, is in a truly pitiable ftate. 



That- the health fuffers greatly from the inceffant lofs of 

 the faliva, is a fad confirmed by numerous cafes. A wo- 

 man had a cut throuu'h her lower lip, and the wound, being 

 neglefled, fuppuratcd, and its margins healed. The con- 

 fequence was tliat the faliva conftantly efcaped from her 

 mouth, and from being a healthy-looking woman before the 

 accident, flic became rapidly emaciated, afflifted with fto- 

 mach complaints and difficulty of digelliou. Tronchin, 

 being confulted, faw that her iiidifpofition proceeded from 

 the lofs of a nutritious fluid. He advifed uniting the divi- 

 fion by the operation for the hare-lip. This was actually 

 done by Ferrand. The lofs of the faliva was prevented, 

 and the patient foon regained her heahh and good looks 

 again. 



It would feem that children can bear the lofs of a large 

 quantity of the faliva better than adults. A little girl, 

 fix years old, was brought into the hofpital of St. Louis, 

 affliifted with a gangrenous carbuncle, that had not only 

 fpread to the whole lower lip, and foft parts about the 

 chin, but alfo to the body of the jaw. The floughing 

 having flopped, the dead parts were detached, the body of 

 the lower jaw-bone feparated from the rami at the places 

 of anatomical divifion. In this cafe, the circumftance par- 

 ticularly worthy of notice is, that although the faliva was 

 inceflantly running out of the mouth, fo as to wet all the 

 girl's clothes, flie enjoyed, during the fix months fhe was 

 in the hofpital, a good appetite, and had every appearance 

 cf being well nouriflied. See Richerand's Nofographie 

 Chirurg. torn. iii. p. 255, edit. 2. 

 Lip, Hare, \ 



Lip, Preternatural F'tjfure of, j 

 Lip, Wounds of. In thefe cafes the chief indication is 

 to place the edges of the divifion in exact and even contadt, 

 in order that they may unite by the firll intention. The 

 twilled future will generally be found the moll advantageous 

 for this purpofe. It is to be applied in the manner 

 explained in the article Hare-lip, in conjundtion with 

 narrow ftrip; of adhefive plaftcr, and a bandage that will 

 prefs forward the integuments of the face. Whether one 

 or two pins ought to be tiled mud depend upon the length 

 of the divifion. When the wound is lacerated, or contuled, 

 it often cannot be hindered from fuppurating, and union by 

 the iirll ivtention is prevented. However, in fuch in'.lanccs, 

 a pin may frequently be employed with bL.-nefit, as a partial 

 adhefioii may take place, though the agglutination is not 

 <reneral. And even when thefe wounds ftippurate, main- 

 taining the edges near each other with llrips of adhefive 

 plaller wll materially leflen the breadth of the fear, and 

 expedite the cure. Sometimes it may be proper to poultice 

 a contufed or lacerated injury of the lip, where there is no 

 immediate profpecl of adhelion, and the part has a flougiiy 

 afpect ; but this plan fliould only be continued till the 

 wound putB on a cleaner appearance and begins to granu- 



See Hare-lip. 



L I P 



late ; the proper method being now to applv adhefive plaf* 

 ters, and a pledget ot any common unirrit.iting ointment. 



Lip of a Horfe, in the Mniie^e, is the Ikin that covers 

 the fides of the mouth, and ftirrounds his jaws. A horfe is 

 faid to arm or guard himlelf with his lips, when his lips arc 

 fo thick that they cover their bars, and keep ofl the pref- 

 fure of the curb. 



LIPA, of Xiiro:, fat, a word ufed frequently by Hippo- 

 crates to exprels any thing fat or oily. He call.s certain 

 ilools, which have a fatty appearance, by this name. Thefe 

 are erteemed a fign of great colliquation. He alfo applies 

 it to a iort of fatty fubllatice, often feen fwimrriiig on the 

 furface of the urine like a fpider's web : this the fame great 

 author gives as a lign of a confumption. 



LlPA, in Geography, a town of Lithuania, in the palati- 

 nate of Novogrodek ; j2 miles W.N. W. of Sluck 



Alfo, a town of Croatia, on the river Dobra ; 10 milef 

 S.W. of Carlftadt. 



LII'ARjEUS L.\pi.s, in the Natural Il'flory of ihi An- 

 cients, the name of a itone ulnally tound in L>ipari, one of 

 the jEolian illands, and brought thence in the tune of the 

 Greeks among the pumices, of which liiat place always 

 afforded them a large quantity. 



It was a fmall ftone, about the bignefs of a filbert, of an 

 irregular and unct rtain fliape, and porous and friable conlli- 

 tution, like that of the pumices, but more eafily falling to 

 pieces on rubbing between the fingers than even the loftelt 

 of them ; the colour was a dulky grey, and the whole exter- 

 nal furface plainly fliewed that it had fullered changes by the 

 means of fire. The ftone at prcfent, however, is fo littk 

 regarded, that the. writers on fuch fubjefls have even forgot 

 to name it. They are fometimes brought to us, to this day, 

 among the pumices from the burning mountains, but are not 

 regarded. 



LIPARI, in Geography, a volcanic ifland. or rather a 

 group of Inch iflands, in the Mediterranean, about twenty- 

 four miles from the N. coad of Sicily. They were formerly 

 called jEolian JJlands, which fee ; and now Ifole di Lipari, 

 from the name of the chief of them. Thefe iflands were 

 anciently known to be volcanic, and called Volcanian, but it 

 is in modern times that their volcanization has been coufi- 

 dered as an objeft of interelling refearch to philolophers, 

 among whom M. de Luc, fir W. Hamilton, Dolomieu, and 

 Spallanzani have dillinguiflied themfelves. Thefe iflands are 

 commonly reckoned ten in number, though fome by omitting 

 and others by comprehending fome barren rocks, have diini- 

 niflied or increafed their number. The largeft is Lipsri, 

 being 19I Italian miles in circuit. Accordingly this ifland, 

 from its extent, the city wkieh renders it illuftrious, the num- 

 ber of its inhabitants, its agriculture and commerce, claims 

 pre-eminence above all the others by which it is furrounded. 

 Nor is it Icfs important in the eftimation of tlie naturalill 

 from the quantity, variety, and unufual beauty of the vol- 

 canic products which it contains. It is well known, by the 

 tellimony of Diodorus CI- 5-)' '^'^' ^^^ ''"^ ^olian ifles were 

 fiibjeil to great eruptions of fire, and that their craters and 

 mouths were vifible in his time. As to Lipari, however, 

 very few memorials have been preferved of its ancient con- 

 flagratiwns. Of the antiquity of the ifland, and of its ex- 

 illence before the Trojan war we are certain, fince we learn 

 from Homer, that, after the taking of Troy, Ulyffes landed 

 there, and was treated with the utmoll urbanity and courtefy 

 by king ./Kolns, during the whole month of his continuance 

 there (Odylf 1. 10. ) ; and though we allow to the poet the 

 ufual licence of poetry, it is ftill moil certain that he could 

 not have named this ifland, and the city it contained, unlefs 

 they exilled at the time when he wrote his poem, above 



3000 



